Aigisis in the Employer Insurance Industry

Aigis

aigis

**GEORGE TOWN, Cayman Islands, May 8th, 2024/Chainwire/**AIGOLD,is pleased to announce the launch of its innovative cryptocurrency project. This groundbreaking initiative integrates artificial intelligence with the enduring value of gold, aiming to redefine the landscape of digital assets. The presale phase of AIGOLD is currently underway, with early access available at aigold.io. AIGOLD: Pioneering Gold Integration in Cryptocurrency with Enhanced Security and Market Stability AIGOLD is aiming to lead the integration of gold into the cryptocurrency sector, enhancing security and stability for those engaged in trading. The platform's design includes dedicating a portion of the proceeds from the presale of AIG (AIGOLD) tokens to acquire PAXG tokens. PAXG tokens are backed by physical gold, each representing one fine troy ounce stored in LBMA-certified vaults in London. At launch, the liquidity pool, underpinned by over one million dollars in PAXG, will be securely locked and aligned with gold price movement The initial presale price for AIGOLD is set at $0.0035 per token and the project underwent comprehensive audits from Cyberscope and is currently being audited by CertiK, underscore AIGOLD’s commitment to security and transparency. As the market trends towards gold-backed assets, AIGOLD is looking to offer a unique platform that not only secures value but also rewards participants with gold, enhancing their participation in the evolving digital economy. AIGOLD: Leading Sustainable Digital Finance with Strategic Tokenomics AIGOLD team's innovative tokenomics structure is crafted to foster growth and establish a solid foundation for its next developmental phase. This structure, along with a strategic tax model, is aimed at enhancing the benefits for participants in the ecosystem. By reinvesting 2% of every transaction back into the liquidity pool, AIGOLD looks to ensure a dynamic and well-supported trading environment. Additionally, a designated marketing allocation aims at keeping AIGOLD prominent in the marketplace, driving ongoing visibility and engagement. The team sees the self-sustaining approach as marking a notable evolution in the cryptocurrency arena, positioning AIGOLD as a leader in sustainable digital finance practices. AIGOLD: Empowering Future Financial Landscapes with Innovative Rewards and Stability AIGOLD’s ecosystem offers multiple compensation methods to its participants, including rewards in gold for every transaction. Holders of AIG tokens will potentially benefit from a 5% share of gold with each buy and sell action, thanks to AIG's built-in reward mechanism. This reward is issued in digital gold, which can also be claimed physically AIGOLD not only provides rewards in gold but also serves as a strategic hedge against inflation and de-dollarization. By integrating artificial intelligence with gold, AIGOLD is not merely a tool for potential profit but a forward-looking platform designed to empower participants for future financial landscapes. AIGOLD is dropping a never-before-seen Real Gold-backed NFT Mining Permit Collection as a bonus with exclusive benefits for NFT holders. AIGOLD is excited to announce the limited release of its real gold-backed NFT Mining Permits, with a total of only 4,000 permits ever to be issued. These exclusive mining permits offer additional benefits to AIG NFT holders, including receiving an annual share of 25% of the profits from gold recovered in AIG’s mining operations. This innovative approach positions AIG NFT holders to benefit from the burgeoning digital economy. For more details and to ensure early access, users visit aigold.io to secure their place on the whitelist. AIGOLDs team marks a transformative point in the development of digital currencies by integrating artificial intelligence with genuine gold mining. This initiative is led by new technology, including an AI-integrated exploration recovery vessel (ERV) equipped with state-of-the-art tools and LIDAR systems. These advancements facilitate the extraction of gold from the seabed in the Bering Sea, where estimates suggest there are over 500 million ounces of gold. With the rising value of gold, strategic positioning is crucial. AIGOLD's founder and CEO, Forest, from Cornell University, stated, "At AIGOLD, we are forging a unique combination of advanced artificial intelligence, forefront technology, and the reliability of gold-backed assets." For more details about AIGOLD, including its tokenomics, token metrics, and gold paper, users can visit aigold.io. The AIG Team is set to introduce a variety of incentives and special offers to benefit AIG token holders. These include exclusive NFT Mining Permits, participation in charity events, air drops, and official merchandise available through the AIG store. Additionally, participants will have the opportunity to enter a Tesla Cyber Truck Competition. For more details on these exciting opportunities, users can visit aigold.io. AIGOLD’s Tesla Cybertruck Competition AIGOLD is currently hosting a Cybertruck Competition featuring the chance to win a Tesla Cybertruck among a total of 20 prizes. The Tesla Cybertruck boasts remarkable features such as bulletproof construction, a waterproof or wade mode that allows driving in up to 30 inches of water, and a durable exoskeleton similar to materials used in Space X rockets. This all-electric vehicle includes Tesla's autopilot system, accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in just 2.6 seconds, can tow up to 11,000 lbs, and travels up to 340 miles on a single charge, all while being equipped with advanced interior technology. This competition is skill-based, not a random draw. In an era where durability and real-world utility are highly valued, AIGOLD offers a substantial opportunity. Moving away from transient trends in cryptocurrency, AIGOLD is looking to establish itself as a significant force with the potential to impact the crypto market significantly this year. About AIGOLD AIGOLD is the first-ever cryptocurrency project to back its liquidity pool in gold. Founded in 2023, they are a cryptocurrency ecosystem and a digital currency that offers a reward mechanism that pays out digital gold to all of their token holders. They are the first of their kind, bringing together AI and real gold mining. AIGOLD is a real utility token and aims to act as a hedge against inflation. They offer gold-backed assets through the buy/sell of their AIG token and access to the profits from their gold mining operations to Gold Mining NFT holders. AIGOLD is committed to and strives to become one of the top 100 cryptocurrencies and get on top-tier 1 exchanges. They are on a mission to maintain a self-sustainable, well-balanced, and healthy ecosystem where their investors and their ecosystem thrive. They aim to build a community of investors from around the world, including Bitcoin and Ethereum enthusiasts. Users can find more information about AIGOLD on the following platforms: Website I X I Telegram I Medium I Instagram AIGold is the source of this content. This Press Release is for informational purposes only. The information does not constitute investment advice or an offer to invest. Contact PR Media Relations Kate Brown AIGOLD aigoldofficial@aigold.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. **GEORGE TOWN, Cayman Islands, May 8th, 2024/Chainwire/**AIGOLD,is pleased to announce the launch of its innovative cryptocurrency project. This groundbreaking initiative integrates artificial intelligence with the enduring value of gold, aiming to redefine the landscape of digital assets. The presale phase of AIGOLD is currently underway, with early access available at aigold.io. AIGOLD: Pioneering Gold Integration in Cryptocurrency with Enhanced Security and Market Stability AIGOLD is aiming to lead the integration of gold into the cryptocurrency sector, enhancing security and stability for those engaged in trading. The platform's design includes dedicating a portion of the proceeds from the presale of AIG (AIGOLD) tokens to acquire PAXG tokens. PAXG tokens are backed by physical gold, each representing one fine troy ounce stored in LBMA-certified vaults in London. At launch, the liquidity pool, underpinned by over one million dollars in PAXG, will be securely locked and aligned with gold price movement The initial presale price for AIGOLD is set at $0.0035 per token and the project underwent comprehensive audits from Cyberscope and is currently being audited by CertiK, underscore AIGOLD’s commitment to security and transparency. comprehensive audits from Cyberscope comprehensive audits from Cyberscope As the market trends towards gold-backed assets, AIGOLD is looking to offer a unique platform that not only secures value but also rewards participants with gold, enhancing their participation in the evolving digital economy. AIGOLD: Leading Sustainable Digital Finance with Strategic Tokenomics AIGOLD team's innovative tokenomics structure is crafted to foster growth and establish a solid foundation for its next developmental phase. This structure, along with a strategic tax model, is aimed at enhancing the benefits for participants in the ecosystem. By reinvesting 2% of every transaction back into the liquidity pool, AIGOLD looks to ensure a dynamic and well-supported trading environment. Additionally, a designated marketing allocation aims at keeping AIGOLD prominent in the marketplace, driving ongoing visibility and engagement. The team sees the self-sustaining approach as marking a notable evolution in the cryptocurrency arena, positioning AIGOLD as a leader in sustainable digital finance practices. AIGOLD: Empowering Future Financial Landscapes with Innovative Rewards and Stability AIGOLD’s ecosystem offers multiple compensation methods to its participants, including rewards in gold for every transaction. Holders of AIG tokens will potentially benefit from a 5% share of gold with each buy and sell action, thanks to AIG's built-in reward mechanism. This reward is issued in digital gold, which can also be claimed physically AIGOLD not only provides rewards in gold but also serves as a strategic hedge against inflation and de-dollarization. By integrating artificial intelligence with gold, AIGOLD is not merely a tool for potential profit but a forward-looking platform designed to empower participants for future financial landscapes. AIGOLD is dropping a never-before-seen Real Gold-backed NFT Mining Permit Collection as a bonus with exclusive benefits for NFT holders. AIGOLD is excited to announce the limited release of its real gold-backed NFT Mining Permits, with a total of only 4,000 permits ever to be issued. These exclusive mining permits offer additional benefits to AIG NFT holders, including receiving an annual share of 25% of the profits from gold recovered in AIG’s mining operations. This innovative approach positions AIG NFT holders to benefit from the burgeoning digital economy. For more details and to ensure early access, users visit aigold.io to secure their place on the whitelist. AIGOLDs team marks a transformative point in the development of digital currencies by integrating artificial intelligence with genuine gold mining. This initiative is led by new technology, including an AI-integrated exploration recovery vessel (ERV) equipped with state-of-the-art tools and LIDAR systems. aigold.io aigold.io These advancements facilitate the extraction of gold from the seabed in the Bering Sea, where estimates suggest there are over 500 million ounces of gold. With the rising value of gold, strategic positioning is crucial. AIGOLD's founder and CEO, Forest, from Cornell University, stated, "At AIGOLD, we are forging a unique combination of advanced artificial intelligence, forefront technology, and the reliability of gold-backed assets." For more details about AIGOLD, including its tokenomics, token metrics, and gold paper, users can visit aigold.io . aigold.io aigold.io The AIG Team is set to introduce a variety of incentives and special offers to benefit AIG token holders. These include exclusive NFT Mining Permits, participation in charity events, air drops, and official merchandise available through the AIG store. Additionally, participants will have the opportunity to enter a Tesla Cyber Truck Competition. For more details on these exciting opportunities, users can visit aigold.io . aigold.io aigold.io AIGOLD’s Tesla Cybertruck Competition AIGOLD is currently hosting a Cybertruck Competition featuring the chance to win a Tesla Cybertruck among a total of 20 prizes. The Tesla Cybertruck boasts remarkable features such as bulletproof construction, a waterproof or wade mode that allows driving in up to 30 inches of water, and a durable exoskeleton similar to materials used in Space X rockets. This all-electric vehicle includes Tesla's autopilot system, accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in just 2.6 seconds, can tow up to 11,000 lbs, and travels up to 340 miles on a single charge, all while being equipped with advanced interior technology. This competition is skill-based, not a random draw. In an era where durability and real-world utility are highly valued, AIGOLD offers a substantial opportunity. Moving away from transient trends in cryptocurrency, AIGOLD is looking to establish itself as a significant force with the potential to impact the crypto market significantly this year. About AIGOLD AIGOLD is the first-ever cryptocurrency project to back its liquidity pool in gold. Founded in 2023, they are a cryptocurrency ecosystem and a digital currency that offers a reward mechanism that pays out digital gold to all of their token holders. They are the first of their kind, bringing together AI and real gold mining. AIGOLD is a real utility token and aims to act as a hedge against inflation. AIGOLD AIGOLD They offer gold-backed assets through the buy/sell of their AIG token and access to the profits from their gold mining operations to Gold Mining NFT holders. AIGOLD is committed to and strives to become one of the top 100 cryptocurrencies and get on top-tier 1 exchanges. They are on a mission to maintain a self-sustainable, well-balanced, and healthy ecosystem where their investors and their ecosystem thrive. They aim to build a community of investors from around the world, including Bitcoin and Ethereum enthusiasts. Users can find more information about AIGOLD on the following platforms: Website I X I Telegram I Medium I Instagram Website Website X X Telegram Telegram Medium Medium Instagram Instagram AIGold is the source of this content. This Press Release is for informational purposes only. The information does not constitute investment advice or an offer to invest. Contact PR Media Relations Kate Brown AIGOLD aigoldofficial@aigold.io This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

AIGOLD Goes Live, Introducing The First Gold Backed Crypto Project

AIGOLD লাইভ যাচ্ছে, প্রথম গোল্ড ব্যাকড ক্রিপ্টো প্রজেক্টের সাথে পরিচয়

AIGOLD geht live und stellt das erste goldgedeckte Kryptoprojekt vor

AIGOLD se pone en marcha y presenta el primer proyecto criptográfico respaldado por oro

AIGOLD est lancé et présente le premier projet de cryptographie soutenu par l'or

AIGOLD लाइव हुआ, पहला गोल्ड समर्थित क्रिप्टो प्रोजेक्ट पेश किया

AIGOLDが始動、初の金担保暗号プロジェクトを発表

AIGOLD가 출시되어 최초의 금 기반 암호화폐 프로젝트를 소개합니다

AIGOLD entra em operação, apresentando o primeiro projeto de criptografia apoiado em ouro

AIGOLD запускается, представляя первый криптопроект, обеспеченный золотом

AIGOLD İlk Altın Destekli Kripto Projesini Tanıtarak Yayına Başladı

AIGOLD đi vào hoạt động, giới thiệu dự án tiền điện tử được hỗ trợ bằng vàng đầu tiên

AIGOLD 上线，推出首个以黄金为后盾的加密货币项目

Let me tell you about the so-called "win" in a cyber sanction against a , the alleged mastermind behind the in Australia in 2022. hacker like Russian citizen Aleksandr Ermakov Medibank private data breach Australia has used its recent cyber powers for the first time, targeting Russian national Aleksandr Ermakov due to his purported participation in the Medibank data breach. As indicated in the sanctions notice, Ermakov, born in Russia on May 16, 1990, was identified by various aliases such as Alexander Ermakov, GustaveDore, aiiis_ermak, blade_runner, or JimJones. The breach, occurring in 2022, led to unauthorized access and compromise of millions of Australians' personal data, including sensitive medical information, following the hacking of Medibank's network. Sure, it's been hailed as a victory that he's banned from entering the country and its citizens are restricted from certain interactions with him, but let's dissect this so-called justice and ponder if it's anything more than a symbolic gesture. Firstly, let's rewind and acknowledge the gravity of the situation. Ermakov and his cohorts managed to gain unauthorized access to the basic personal information of a staggering 9.7 million individuals in Australia. That's not a small-scale breach; it's a violation of privacy on an enormous scale. The victims are left to deal with the aftermath, potentially facing identity theft, financial fraud, and a host of other personal and financial troubles. So, when justice is sought, it should be more than just window dressing. Now, let's address the elephant in the room – extradition. Realistically, when dealing with a hacker based in Russia, the chances of successful extradition are slim to none. Russia has a notorious reputation for harboring , and international law enforcement agencies have struggled for years to bring such individuals to justice. So, crossing extradition off the list is a bitter pill to swallow when considering true justice. cybercriminals So, what's left in the arsenal of justice against Ermakov? We have a name and a face, and yet the tangible consequences seem limited. Banning him from entering Australia and restricting interactions with its citizens might feel like a slap on the wrist, but does it truly address the magnitude of the damage caused? It appears more like a diplomatic move than a robust pursuit of justice. What would constitute a real win in this scenario? Well, for starters, it would involve more than just a travel ban and restricted interactions. It would require a concerted international effort to hold Ermakov accountable for his actions. This could involve diplomatic pressure, economic sanctions, and collaboration with other nations to ensure that he faces consequences beyond the borders of Australia. Moreover, there should be a focus on strengthening cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to prevent such breaches in the future. Punishing the perpetrator is one thing, but preventing the crime from happening in the first place is equally crucial. The international community needs to unite in its efforts to combat cybercrime, share intelligence, and implement robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard individuals' data. While the current sanctions against Ermakov may provide a semblance of justice, it's essential to question the effectiveness of such measures in truly holding cybercriminals accountable. The fight against cybercrime demands a comprehensive, global approach that goes beyond symbolic gestures and addresses the root causes and preventative measures to protect a nation. Anything less is just a half-hearted attempt at justice in the vast and intricate playground of cyber warfare. The hackers still roam free. The tale sign footprints left behind by Ermakov and enabling his identification indicates a momentary lapse in caution but also sets the stage for a thrilling chase between a wily fugitive and the . ASD

How Can We Call Cyber Sanctions Against A Russian Hacker A Win?

As AI services and the data they consume and create become more important and prevalent in various applications and processes, so do the platforms and architectures they are built upon. As usual, there is no “one size fits all”, however, what is briefly presented here is an optimized approach to such data-driven AI application architectures. All of the source code mentioned and more can be found , and a free “Develop with Oracle AI and Database Services: Gen, Vision, Speech, Language, and OML” workshop (where all of the use cases are based on the U.N.’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals) giving many more examples can be found . here here Often, multiple network calls must be made in a given AI app, entailing calls to the AI services as well as calls to retrieve and persist the content (whether it be text, audio, images, video, etc.) that is the input or output. The persistent information is then often processed and analyzed further and additional calls, AI or otherwise, are made in reaction. The provides the ability to make calls out to other services, again AI and otherwise, whether they be within the Oracle Cloud or external. Oracle database When the calls are instead made from the database itself, it provides an optimized architecture with various benefits including: Reduced network calls, thus reducing latency. Reduced network calls, thus, increasing reliability. Transactional (ACID) operations on AI and other data (and even messaging when using TxEventQ) which avoid the need for idempotent/duplicate processing logic, etc., and the related wasted resources there. Processing optimization is due to the locality of data whether that data is stored directly in the database or an object store or other source. This is because the Oracle database provides a robust functional frontend to otherwise dumb object storage buckets, and the database provides many options to either sync or optimally operate on data in place in the object store and other data sources. Enhanced security due to a common authentication mechanism and reuse of a famously robust database and cloud security infrastructure. Reduced overall configuration as calls are made from a central location. The entry point to the database itself can be exposed as a Rest endpoint (using ORDS) with a single click, and of course, drivers in various languages can be used to access the database as well. Vector database advantages. This topic is a blog unto itself, and one I’ll release as a follow-on especially as Oracle has and is adding several powerful features in this area. Oracle Database Machine Learning. In addition to various AI services, the Oracle database itself has had a machine-learning engine for many years. OML streamlines the ML lifecycle, offering scalable SQL, R, Python, REST, AutoML, and no-code tools with over 30 in-database algorithms, enhancing data synchronization and security by processing data directly in the database. Oracle Autonomous Database. Select AI which enables querying data using natural language and generating SQL that is specific to your database. Oracle Autonomous Database. AI Vector Search, which includes a new vector data type, vector indexes, and vector search SQL operators, enables the Oracle Database to store the semantic content of documents, images, and other unstructured data as vectors, and use these to run fast similarity queries. These new capabilities also support RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) which provides higher accuracy and avoids having to expose private data by including it in the LLM training data. Again, there are many different AI application flows and requirements, but a basic comparison of the two approaches can be visualized in the following way.: The Code It is possible to run several different languages in the database, making it possible to conduct various application logic there. These include Java, JavaScript, and PL/SQL. PL/SQL examples are given here, and they can be executed from the page in the OCI console, from the SQLcl command line tool (which is pre-installed in the OCI Cloud Shell or can be downloaded), from SQLDeveloper, VS Code (where Oracle has a convenient plugin), etc. Database Actions -> SQL There are also a few ways to go about making the calls out to AI and other services. Standard Rest calls using the database’s UTL_HTTP package or fetch from JavaScript, etc., is one approach. If the AI services run within OCI (the Oracle Cloud), then OCI SDKs, which are written for all major languages, can also be used. I find the use of the DBMS_CLOUD.send_request package for all OCI services calls (rather than, for example, more specific OCI SDK calls such as DBMS_CLOUD_OCI_AIV_AI_SERVICE_VISION) to be the simplest and most dynamic approach. We start by creating a credential that can be referenced and reused for all of our cloud service calls and simply includes the information from your OCI account/config. BEGIN
dbms_cloud.create_credential (
 credential_name => 'OCI_KEY_CRED',
 user_ocid => 'ocid1.user.oc1..[youruserocid]',
 tenancy_ocid => 'ocid1.tenancy.oc1..[yourtenancyocid]',
 private_key => '[yourprivatekey - you can read this from file or put the contents of your pem without header, footer, and line wraps]'
 fingerprint => '[7f:yourfingerprint]'
);
END; Next, before we look at the main program/function, let’s just quickly look at the table we’ll save the AI results in. Notice, in this case, the table has columns for both the JSON from an AI call return and a text field that is created from key fields in the JSON for quick reference, searches, etc. Again, the table structures, use of SQL/relational vs JSON, etc., may all vary, and again, this is a great example of the Oracle multi-purpose database where you can use various data models and data types. For example, the JSON Duality feature in the Oracle database is worth checking out as it allows the same data to be accessed using SQL/relational as well as JSON and even MongoDB APIs. CREATE TABLE aivision_results
    (id RAW (16) NOT NULL,
     date_loaded TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
     label varchar2(20),
     textfromai varchar2(32767),
     jsondata CLOB
     CONSTRAINT ensure_aivision_results_json CHECK (jsondata IS JSON));
/ And now, the simple function that typifies the heart of the architecture… Here, we see a call to DBMS_CLOUD.send_request with the credential we created and the URL of the (AI) service operation endpoint (the operation of the Oracle Vision AI service in this case). analyzeImage The JSON payload of the body consists of the feature(s) of the service that we would like to use and any other config as well as the arguments to the operation which, in this case, include the object storage location of an image (another option would be to provide the image byte array directly/inlined as part of the payload). The JSON result is then retrieved from the response, certain elements of it are parsed out into a text field for convenience, and the JSON, text, etc., are persisted as mentioned earlier. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION VISIONAI_TEXTDETECTION (
    p_endpoint VARCHAR2,
    p_compartment_ocid VARCHAR2,
    p_namespaceName VARCHAR2,
    p_bucketName VARCHAR2,
    p_objectName VARCHAR2,
    p_featureType VARCHAR2,
    p_label VARCHAR2
) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
    resp DBMS_CLOUD_TYPES.resp;
    json_response CLOB;
    v_textfromai VARCHAR2(32767);
BEGIN
    resp := DBMS_CLOUD.send_request(
        credential_name => 'OCI_KEY_CRED',
        uri => p_endpoint || '/20220125/actions/analyzeImage',
        method => 'POST',
        body => UTL_RAW.cast_to_raw(
            JSON_OBJECT(
                'features' VALUE JSON_ARRAY(
                    JSON_OBJECT('featureType' VALUE p_featureType)
                ),
                'image' VALUE JSON_OBJECT(
                    'source' VALUE 'OBJECT_STORAGE',
                    'namespaceName' VALUE p_namespaceName,
                    'bucketName' VALUE p_bucketName,
                    'objectName' VALUE p_objectName
                ),
                'compartmentId' VALUE p_compartment_ocid
            )
        )
    );
    json_response := DBMS_CLOUD.get_response_text(resp);
    SELECT LISTAGG(text, ', ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ROWNUM)
    INTO v_textfromai
    FROM JSON_TABLE(json_response, '$.imageText.words[*]'
        COLUMNS (
            text VARCHAR2(100) PATH '$.text'
        )
    );
    INSERT INTO aivision_results (id, date_loaded, label, textfromai, jsondata)
    VALUES (SYS_GUID(), SYSTIMESTAMP, p_label, v_textfromai, json_response);
    RETURN v_textfromai;
EXCEPTION
    WHEN OTHERS THEN
        RAISE;
END VISIONAI_TEXTDETECTION;
/ We can also expose the function as a Rest endpoint programmatically using the following: BEGIN
    ORDS.ENABLE_OBJECT(
        P_ENABLED      => TRUE,
        P_SCHEMA      => 'AIUSER',
        P_OBJECT      =>  'VISIONAI_OBJECTDETECTION',
        P_OBJECT_TYPE      => 'FUNCTION',
        P_OBJECT_ALIAS      => 'VISIONAI_OBJECTDETECTION',
        P_AUTO_REST_AUTH      => FALSE
    );
    COMMIT;
END;
/ Analysis and Text Searching of AI Results This architecture also makes analysis and text searching of all AI results convenient and efficient. From here, more processing and analytics can take place. Let’s take a look at three statements that will provide us with an easy-to-use text search of our AI results. First, we create an index for text searches on our table. aivision_results Then, we create a function that searches for a given string using the powerful functionality, or we could additionally/optionally use the package to search multiple tables and return the refcursor of results. contains DBMS_SEARCH Finally, we expose the function as a Rest endpoint. It's that simple. create index aivisionresultsindex on aivision_results(textfromai) indextype is ctxsys.context;
/ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION VISIONAI_RESULTS_TEXT_SEARCH(p_sql IN VARCHAR2) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS refcursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
    OPEN refcursor FOR
        select textfromai from AIVISION_RESULTS where contains ( textfromai, p_sql ) > 0;
    RETURN refcursor;
END VISIONAI_RESULTS_TEXT_SEARCH;
/ BEGIN
    ORDS.ENABLE_OBJECT(
        P_ENABLED      => TRUE,
        P_SCHEMA      => 'AIUSER',
        P_OBJECT      =>  'VISIONAI_RESULTS_TEXT_SEARCH',
        P_OBJECT_TYPE      => 'FUNCTION',
        P_OBJECT_ALIAS      => 'VISIONAI_RESULTS_TEXT_SEARCH',
        P_AUTO_REST_AUTH      => FALSE
    );
    COMMIT;
END;
/ In Conclusion… This was a quick blog showing an architectural pattern for developing data-driven AI Apps by making calls to AI services directly from the database. Thanks so much for reading, and please let me know of any questions or feedback you may have. Also published here

How to Develop Data-Driven AI Apps: A Guide to Making AI Services Directly From the Database

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Cách phát triển ứng dụng AI dựa trên dữ liệu: Hướng dẫn tạo dịch vụ AI trực tiếp từ cơ sở dữ liệu

如何开发数据驱动的人工智能应用：直接从数据库制作人工智能服务的指南

The cryptocurrency world may look a bit complicated from inexpert eyes, but there are a lot of free tools to make it easy for everyone. You can find real-time information about prices, stats, events, maps, hacks, addresses, and much more for free. Do you already know where to look? In this exploration, we’ll unveil . Whether you're a seasoned trader or a curious beginner, these resources open doors to data-driven insights, enabling you to make informed decisions and stay ahead in the ever-changing crypto world. Let's check! over five essential digital companions that empower enthusiasts and investors alike to delve into the world of cryptocurrency data Prices and stats Likely the first thing that comes to your mind is the famous website (CMC), where you can see prices, percentages, volumes, supplies, charts, trending coins, and even some news. There are more options with their own set of features, though. For instance, on you can find coins and tokens organized by category (applications, consensus type, sector, and underlying chain), and other useful data like news, insights, reports, podcasts, and directories. CoinMarketCap CryptoSlate is another popular alternative. It’s very similar to CMC, and it has categories like CryptoSlate. However, CoinGecko it’s considered a bit more objective because CMC is fully owned by the exchange Binance, while CoinGecko is independent. To see even more data about a specific coin, could be your ally. It has the classic list by market capitalization, but you can see more stats and charts in every coin. That includes net worth growth, large transactions, concentration, volume by fiat currency, social media activity, development, real-time trades, and a forum. CryptoCompare Calendar and events There are numerous crypto calendars around, all similar but with their own features. partnerships, upcoming hackathons, conferences, digital events (AMAs, lives, etc.), forks, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), meetups, and more, depending on the chain and dates selected. They often show token updates, announcements, exchange listings, airdrops, releases, token burns, CoinMarketCap also offers a simple calendar, but there are other platforms specialized in it. They include CoinMarketCal, Coindar, and CryptoKal. In some of them, you can add your own events and customize your options. On the other hand, another interesting alternative is , a calendar to discover economic events worldwide that could affect the crypto market at a determined moment. They include a legend for low or high-impact events, central bank rates, and impact charts. CryptoCraft Chain explorers Transparency is a great advantage in public chains, so we can discover all data about crypto transactions —starting with their legitimacy. Even private coins have their own explorers for the involved actors to check, and we also have multi-currency explorers available as user-friendly and free-to-use websites. , and explore the intricate details of numerous networks. All of this from a search bar if you have specific data (wallet address, transaction hash, block number, token contract, etc.) or through a list of coins and categories for more general insights. By using these tools, anyone could trace transactions, inspect wallet balances, monitor network activity, delve into smart contract interactions (previously Blockchain.info) is probably the most used multi-chain crypto explorer, and also the first one of its kind. It works with Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, and Ethereum; and also includes prices, charts, last transactions and blocks, news, two types of hot wallets, and its own exchange. Other explorers offer more assets, though. Blockchain.com and including features for ERC-20 (internal tokens on Ethereum), ERC-721 (mostly NFTs), and ENS (domain names on Ethereum). Besides, it offers additional functions like an anonymous portfolio tracker, node explorer, news aggregator, chain comparing, and release monitor (calendar). is another popular option, working with at least 17 chains Blockchair Other options include , which supports 36 networks, and , which supports +120 networks in one place. The latter also provides services for developers, like APIs, subscriptions, and nodes as a service. OKLink TokenView Maps and databases These tools provide a dynamic overview of the global crypto landscape, offering a visual representation or quick list of For instance, in we can find a real-time map of Bitcoin nodes, and shows 34,400+ venues where to buy products and services with cryptocurrencies worldwide. nodes worldwide, shopping places, network activity, and other numerous projects and services. BitNodes CoinMap For their part, on websites like , we can find useful databases, services, and projects from different networks. Examples include cross-chain bridges (like ), staking services, scaling solutions, venture capital companies, OTC desks, lending and payment services, analytic tools, projects by ecosystem, news websites, and much more. is another directory, this one separated by categories. It also offers reviews, interviews, guides, and market updates. Decentralized Finance Counterstake CryptoAtlas Hacks + Scams Alerts Sadly, crypto hacks (but especially DeFi hacks) are quite common, and we should be prepared for them. Several tools could give us real-time alerts and insights about crypto hacks and scams. The first one we can mention is Twitter (X), where we can find the most recent news. The latter even has its own Chrome security extension ( ) for crypto activities. Accounts like , , and post valuable information in real-time. CertiK Alert Chainabuse PeckShield Alert AegisWeb3 In addition, we can find several databases that list crypto and DeFi hacks, including stolen funds, chain, type of issue, date, and other details. The by DeFiYield, , and the by the US Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) are only some of them. They’re for already-done hacks, though. If you want to consult the trust level of a certain platform, coin, or brand, you can search on sites like and . Rekt database Rekt News Crypto Scam Tracker TrustPilot ScamAdviser Obyte Tools Of course, Obyte also has its own tools to explore relevant data and stats. We can mention first the data explorer , In addition, it’s also available a list of chatbots, polls, and a ledger timeline. All this data could help in the creation of smart contracts without coding. Obyte.io where users can find addresses for oracles (data feeds), internal tokens, attestors, Dapps, autonomous agents, and order providers. In contrast, developers also count on and documentation for starting. This includes several libraries, a headless wallet, an Oscript editor, an Autonomous Agents Testkit, and numerous guides to build in the Obyte ecosystem. A testnet is also available for developers and users alike to test the Obyte features without technical risks or real funds involved. several tools The website Separately, on , anyone can consult data about liquidity mining in Oswap.io and the distribution of rewards to liquidity providers. For more detailed information, of course, Obyte has its own where you can see the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) in real-time and search by unit, address, or asset (only for public tokens). Obyte Stats shows data like connected wallets, nodes, richest addresses, order providers, and transaction history. Liquidity Obyte ledger explorer Finally, we can mention the , the and the to discover guides, DAG concepts, specific features, releases, and announcements. Considering all the above, Obyte stands as a comprehensive and transparent ecosystem, offering numerous tools for users and developers alike to navigate the decentralized world without barriers. Remember, if you have suggestions or comments, you can contact us via or ! Obyte whitepaper Obyte Wiki, Obyte blog Discord Telegram Featured Vector Image by Freepik

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As the buzz around starts to settle, industry leaders are growing aware of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence. With a market value of , the AI industry is on the rise, projected to reach Generative AI $197 billion in 2023 $1,812 billion by 2030. In this article, I will focus on the future of AI and the potential rise of —a technology that will have a bigger global impact than current Generative AI tools. artificial general intelligence What is artificial general intelligence? Artificial General Intelligence is a branch of AI research focused on developing systems that have the capability to closely copy human-level cognitive abilities, including unparalleled adaptability and the potential for self-improvement. However, the closest approximation to AGI is now like GPT-4, which generate human-like responses to prompts and engage in continuous dialogue with users. Nevertheless, these models still lack even basic cognitive abilities. found in large language models There are 4 common approaches in artificial general intelligence research, categorizing them as follows: This AGI approach considers symbolic thought the core of human general intelligence, enabling broad generalization. Abstract thinking, a key aspect of human intelligence, may also play a role in artificial intelligence. Symbolic approach: The emergentist approach to AGI states that the human brain, consisting of neurons, self-organizes into complex patterns based on sensory experiences. Replicating such a structure might lead to a similar form of intelligence. Emergentist approach: The hybrid AGI approach views the brain as a composite system where different components and principles collaborate to achieve a more powerful outcome. Hybrid AGI research covers a lot of diverse approaches. Hybrid approach: The universalist approach to AGI focuses on the mathematical essence of general intelligence. It suggests that once AGI is theoretically solved, the principles used can be scaled down for practical applications. Universalist approach: The purpose of these approaches is to help us understand human intelligence and apply this knowledge to advance AI. How is it different from artificial intelligence? While artificial intelligence covers various technologies related to machine and computer understanding, the idea of artificial general intelligence is Similar to humans, AGI will learn, make conclusions, and generate new insights from acquired information. still a theoretical goal. Currently, most AI systems have a narrow focus. They are designed for specific tasks and applications and are dependent on human programming for training and accuracy. For example, large language models can engage in human-like conversations and handle complex tasks, but they lack the cognitive ability to analyze information and draw insights, a capability expected from artificial general intelligence. Are there any real-life examples of AGI? Even though the AGI concept hasn’t fully left the theoretical territory, there are some examples of narrow AI that can outperform humans in specific areas: Supercomputers like Watson use AI to handle complex scientific tasks, from modeling the Big Bang theory to simulating the human brain. IBM's Watson: AI-powered vehicles recognize and interact with other traffic elements, following road rules to navigate. : Self-driving cars ROSS mines data from different text documents, analyzes information and provides precise responses to complex legal questions in seconds. ROSS Intelligence: Specializing in playing the board game Go, AlphaGo famously defeated world champion Lee Sedol in 2016. AlphaGo: Dadabots is an AI algorithm that can create its own music when given a set of existing compositions. Music AIs: What are AGI benefits for enterprises? AGI is loosely described as AI systems that have a reasonable level of self-awareness, making decisions autonomously, and solving complex problems across different contexts. Enterprises are from current AI capabilities, and these advantages will only grow once AGI becomes a reality. already gaining benefits Improved automation AGI will automate a broad range of tasks, from data entry and analysis to decision-making. This will enhance operational efficiency, reduce manual labor, and decrease operational costs. Organizations already use AI tools for quick document processing, data summarization, content creation, and analytics. Through research on artificial general intelligence, all these capabilities will expand. Upgraded problem-solving and risk management AGI will handle complex business challenges, process extensive datasets, and offer actionable insights for effective risk management. It will improve detection of cybersecurity breaches, fraud attempts, or operational irregularities, providing immediate mitigation. Unlike current models, AGI will also be able to generate new solutions. Accelerated innovation Improved artificial intelligence will speed up innovation by generating creative ideas, optimizing research, and exploring business possibilities. The introduction of AGI will let business leaders experiment with problem-solving, learn from failures, and succeed in timely innovative pursuits. Additionally, AGI will significantly influence industries through its transformative speed and impact. Enterprises adopting AGI will achieve a competitive edge, innovating, optimizing processes, and adapting to changing market conditions. For example, marketing teams will be able to make more informed decisions, while supply chain managers will have more opportunities for analyzing alternative delivery routes. Financial institutions will gain high-quality insights into market trends. Cost and resource optimization AGI will let businesses achieve better cost savings by automating tasks and streamlining processes. For example, the use of AGI systems will allow cutting customer support costs with chatbots, minimizing inventory holding costs through demand forecasting, and reducing energy consumption with smart building management. AGI's real-time data analysis will inform resource allocation decisions, optimizing supply chain logistics, human resource allocation, and inventory management. Continuous learning and adaptation AGI will be able to learn from new data, providing access to expert-level knowledge and insights across diverse domains, particularly valuable in industries requiring rare or costly expertise. In the future, potential AGI applications may include advanced chatbots, digital assistants, and autonomous vehicles, all requiring high reasoning and autonomous decision-making capabilities. The future of AI The future of AI is going to bring a major shift in technology with various possibilities and responsibilities to take care of. Artificial general intelligence will be a key part of this change, as it has the power to change industries, businesses, and our everyday routines. If industry leaders want to make the most of this change, their priority should be to prepare for AGI's impact and open their minds to new ideas and improvements that lie ahead.

A Close-Up Look at Artificial General Intelligence and Its Mechanisms

The advent of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of healthcare has been akin to a new dawn. Amidst their vast array of applications, one transformative change stands tall: the reinvention of healthcare reimbursement processes. With a synergetic convergence of ML, AI, and cloud computing, healthcare's financial landscape is undergoing a seismic shift, making remote health a reality for millions who once found it out of reach. The Automation Revolution in Reimbursement Traditionally, the reimbursement process within healthcare has been a byzantine affair. Codes to be entered, forms to be filled, and the ever-looming threat of human error meant that the journey from services rendered to payment secured was arduous. Enter ML and AI—technologies that thrive on complexity. By analyzing patterns within vast data troves, algorithms now predict, with increasing accuracy, the correct coding for procedures, thereby reducing the administrative load. Research published by the American Medical Association indicates that administrative tasks are one of the leading causes of doctor burnout, with insurance-related tasks particularly culpable. AI is a beacon of hope here, with its capacity to streamline these processes, thus freeing healthcare professionals to focus on patient care. Precision and Speed: A Quantitative Leap Error rates in manual claims processing are a notorious challenge, with the American Academy of Family Physicians highlighting that the average error rate for medical billing is around 7-10%. This is not just a statistic; it translates to delays in payments, increased costs, and financial uncertainty for healthcare providers. The introduction of ML and AI into cloud-based systems has dramatically altered this landscape. ML algorithms learn from every claim, becoming more adept over time at flagging discrepancies and potential errors. They can process and analyze claims at a speed no human team can match, reducing processing times from weeks to mere days or hours, ensuring that the financial heartbeat of healthcare keeps a steady and reliable tempo. Cost Savings and Fraud Minimization Financial fraud in healthcare is a multi-billion-dollar problem. According to the National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association, healthcare fraud costs the United States about $68 billion annually. AI-driven systems are instrumental in identifying and preventing fraudulent claims. Their ability to detect anomalous patterns and predict potential fraud has saved the healthcare industry significant amounts by catching false claims before they are paid out. This not only prevents losses but also acts as a deterrent against the perpetration of fraud. Bridging the Remote Health Divide One of the most poignant narratives in the rise of end-to-end cloud solutions in healthcare is their impact on remote health. The World Health Organization underscores the importance of telehealth, particularly in remote areas, where access to healthcare is often limited by geographical barriers. AI and ML have been pivotal in this context. By efficiently managing the backend financial transactions, they have enabled healthcare providers to scale their services remotely. No longer do distance and isolation preclude patients from receiving expert care. Virtual consultations, AI-assisted diagnostics, and cloud-managed patient data are not just conveniences but lifelines for those in remote regions. The Future Is Here: An Era of Unbounded Potential The journey of integrating ML, AI, and cloud computing into healthcare's financial workflows is an ongoing one, but its trajectory points unmistakably towards a horizon of hope and improvement. As these technologies mature and their integration becomes more seamless, we are looking at a future where the entire healthcare experience — from diagnosis to treatment, from billing to follow-up — is enhanced. Remote health, once shackled by the chains of cumbersome administrative processes, is now flourishing under the aegis of these smart solutions. We are witnessing a democratization of healthcare, where quality services are not a privilege but a given, regardless of a patient's location. The power of ML and AI in healthcare is not merely in their technological prowess but in their profound impact on humanity. They stand not as cold, inanimate algorithms but as the beating heart of a system striving for equity, efficiency, and excellence in patient care. As these technologies continue to evolve, the potential for further innovation is boundless. Imagine a future where AI not only processes reimbursements but also predicts patient outcomes and personalizes treatment plans. Picture a healthcare system unburdened by financial inefficiencies, where every resource is optimized for patient wellness, and where remote health is not a distant possibility but a present reality for all. In the final analysis, ML and AI in the cloud are not just reshaping healthcare's financial backbone; they are redefining the very essence of how care is provided and managed across the globe. This revolution is not just about technology; it's about people, health, and the immeasurable value of both.

Cloud Empowerment: How AI and ML Are Reshaping Healthcare's Financial Backbone

In our current era, technology is advancing with unparalleled speed and the law is striving to keep pace. The interface between law and technology has become a challenging environment in which up-to-date difficulties and possibilities continuously appear. As our surroundings become even more digitized, the legal system must adjust to secure fairness, protection, and responsibility. Thus, in this article, we will analyze some of the most significant issues at the convergence of law and technology and the achievable solutions that can form the foundation for a mutual and cohesive connection. Protection of Data in the Digital Era In this digital age, consumers are finding it increasingly challenging to stay in control of their personal information. With the rapid development of digital technology, companies are empowered to collect and store a wide range of data obtained from consumers around the world. This data can be used to gain insight into consumers’ behavior, preferences, and interests. Such power grants tremendous opportunities for companies to sharpen their marketing strategies and enhance customer experience. Nevertheless, this also presents a serious threat to privacy and security. The modern world is characterized by an unprecedented scaling up of digital capabilities in data storage and data processing, improving the efficiency of cross-border and international trade. Furthermore, advances in data analytics – such as predictive analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence techniques – allow marketers to survey vast amounts of behavioral information and use it to their advantage. Despite the increase in efficiency, all this data-driven activity also risks carrying serious repercussions such as identity theft, discrimination, or misuse of personal information. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to ensure the protection of individuals’ data Privacy and security. Digital organizations must comply with the applicable legal and regulatory restrictions on data collection. Moreover, the use of cryptography, authentication, and authorization techniques further enables them to keep customers’ data safe. Further, individuals should take the proactive step to manage and regulate how and when their personal information is being used. To sum up, the digital age has ushered in a new frontier for businesses to expand their reach and reconfigure their operations. However, it is essential to strike an appropriate balance between such opportunities and managing privacy concerns. Organizations must strive to protect consumers’ data and people must be well-informed of their right to privacy. This way, we can achieve a safe and secure digital environment that benefits both individuals and the society at large. Privacy has been brought to the forefront as we have entered the digital era. With the emergence of social media, the increase of technological products, and the storage of immense amounts of private information, people's seclusion is more vulnerable than ever. Laws have had to face the challenge of upholding personal security while still permitting tech advancement. The General Data Protection Regulation ( ) of the European Union is a superb exemplar of how the law and technology connect to defend privacy. GDPR has instituted a universal model of data protection by stipulating that companies must secure unmistakable permission for the gathering of information and granting individuals the authority to access and wipe out their information. Despite its considerable progress in safeguarding privacy, there are continuous dialogues concerning the enforcement of the regulation and whether analogous regulations should be embraced in other countries. GDPR In the United States, a clash around data confidentiality persists, with many states adopting their own information safeguard statutes. The most distinguished of these is the (CCPA), which equips locals with the ability to direct their private data. Moreover, the country is additionally scrutinizing the possibility of a national data confidentiality statute, showcasing the never-ending struggle between technological advancement and statutory shelter. California Consumer Privacy Act Cybersecurity and hacking are two concepts that have become increasingly intertwined in the modern era. With the increasing prevalence of sensitive digital data, the ability to protect it is increasingly becoming a primary concern. As the number of incidences of cybersecurity breaches continues to rise, the need to protect vulnerable devices has become a critical issue. In order for organizations to protect themselves from malicious cyber-attacks, they must understand how hackers gain access to systems and take steps to prevent or mitigate any potential threats. Hacking is a form of computer intrusion in which an attacker gains access to a system or network without legal authorization. Hackers may use any means available to exploit software and hardware vulnerabilities for their own financial, political, or personal gain. Common tactics involve using malicious software, such as viruses, worms, or Trojan horses, to gain access to computers or networks. In addition, many hackers leverage social engineering techniques to access sensitive information and data. The world of cybersecurity has become increasingly complex as the sophistication and scale of cyber-attacks continue to expand. Organizations must ensure they have adequate protection in place to ward off, or at least curtail, any malicious activity. This includes deploying robust software to detect malicious code, investing in training programs for personnel, and staying abreast of the latest developments in cybersecurity. Ultimately, reducing the risk of cyber-attacks requires a combination of technical expertise and vigilance. As the trend of cyber-attacks continues to grow, the need to protect digital data and sensitive information from hackers is essential. To ensure that systems are secure, organizations must develop a comprehensive strategy that comprises equipment and tools, personnel training, and an up-to-date understanding of the threats posed by hackers and other cybercriminals. As the technology frontier evolves, cybersecurity measures must continuously evolve to safeguard against the malicious activities of cyber miscreants. In this digital age, cyber safety has become essential for governments, commercial entities, and people alike. Cyber-attacks and data breaches can cause tremendous harm, hence why legislation is being adopted to deal with such issues. Technology is now deeply embedded in the fabric of our everyday lives, making these safety concerns very pertinent. In the United States, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) is a crucial statute within the field of cyber security. Despite this, it has received criticism for its imprecise phrasing and stern sanctions. Scholars of the law and tech authorities are calling for modification that would bring more understanding while still keeping the need for a way of stronger dissuasion against unauthorized users. Global initiatives to battle cybercrime and set standards for states' behavior in the cyber realm have seen increasing progress. on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare are a few illustrations of nations' communal efforts to construct a legal configuration for the virtual world. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and the Tallinn Manual The digital era has drastically altered the way in which intellectual property is managed and protected. Such changes have placed an ever-increasing burden on copyright holders, who must now invest considerable resources in order to secure and safeguard their creations. To address this, a variety of approaches have been implemented, from strengthened legislation and prosecutorial action to advancements in technology and utilization of digital rights management systems. However, one of the biggest challenges associated with intellectual property in the digital age lies in the proclivity to quickly and easily copy and distribute digital files. Attempts to curb this phenomenon have proven to be largely unsuccessful. It is apparent that further innovative approaches must be developed in order to protect intellectual property while offering adequate access for legitimate users. The onus of maintaining the integrity of intellectual property ultimately lies with legal institutions. The implementation of legal systems that can accurately and effectively monitor and control the usage of copyrighted material is essential, and their strongest asset is their ability to swiftly prosecute offenders. Additionally, the accessibility of up-to-date information and tools is necessary in order to assist copyright holders in protecting and enforcing their rights. In conclusion, the digital era has necessitated the need for a thorough overhaul of legal institutions that deal with the management and protection of intellectual property. This issue is further complicated by the ease with which digital files can be copied and distributed, making any legal system more difficult to enforce. Solutions to this problem include stronger legislative support, increased prosecutorial action, and tools to aid in the monitoring and enforcement of intellectual property. It is crucial that stakeholders continue to explore innovative ways of safeguarding intellectual property so as to protect the rights of creators and facilitate the availability of legitimate content. The extensive dissemination of digital material has entirely altered the production, distribution, and security of intellectual property. Copyright legislation has uniquely been impacted by the far-sweeping capabilities of the web and the effortlessness of replicating and circulating content. Fair usage, digital rights administration, and the responsiveness of internet services are some difficult questions that have been raised. In recent years, a conflict between tech powerhouses and content producers over the use of copyrighted components has been one of the most noteworthy legal battles. Platforms, such as YouTube and Twitch, have employed automated content identification technologies in an attempt to modulate copyright infringement. However, these systems have encountered criticism for their excessive aggressiveness, giving rise to erroneous removals. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in the USA has come under scrutiny due to the discrepancies it poses. Exigencies for retrofitting the legislation with a view to addressing the difficulties of the digitized age, and protecting the privileges of those who produce content, are being advocated by both learned legalists and knowledgeable technologists. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the way corporations manage their business operations. With the help of AI, organizations now have the capability to automate tedious and difficult tasks, manage vast amounts of data in a variety of contexts, implement predictive analytics, and provide customers with personalized experiences. However, with the increasing reliance on AI, questions have been raised regarding the potential for legal and ethical liability. As AI technology continues to proliferate in the realms of business and public administration, it is essential to understand the associated legal liabilities. To this end, there have been several studies examining the role of AI in legal responsibility. These have highlighted that AI-enabled systems should be regulated both in terms of their usage as well as the manner in which they are created and maintained. Additionally, questions of ethical culpability have been raised with regard to the potential for AI to cross the boundaries of ethical practices or accepted standards. Ultimately, when AI technology fails to produce outcomes that are ethically satisfactory, the question arises as to whether its creators, owners, or operators should bear the responsibility. Thus, it is essential to have clear guidelines and procedures in place to accurately assess and assign legal liability as well as one's responsibilities from an ethical standpoint. At present, there is a distinct lack of consensus on the issue of , but it is likely that further investigations and developments in the field will provide clearer definitions in the future. AI liability The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has spawned novel issues related to liability in cases of error. Autonomous vehicles, AI-driven medical prognosis, and predictive algorithms employed in the areas of financial services and policing have all sparked inquiries regarding responsibility and accountability. Who is responsible when an AI system makes a misstep—the creator, the user, or the machine itself? Legal systems across the world are engaged in grappling with these queries. Examples like Germany demonstrate that certain nations have already established legislation obligating coders to supply explanations for artificial intelligence decisions. Moreover, a number of countries are analyzing the notion of "robot rights," pondering if AI frameworks ought to be granted legal personality or responsibility. These are knotty matters that necessitate a judicious balance between fostering AI advancement and guaranteeing liability. Authoritative frameworks capable of addressing the remarkable difficulties AI embodies will be indispensable in the ensuing years. Blockchain technology and Smart Contracts are two of the most revolutionary concepts in recent times. These innovative solutions have revolutionized the way information is stored, transmitted, and shared. In essence, blockchain provides a distributed ledger of records consisting of databases or public ledgers, which are secured by cryptography, stored on the customer's system, and initialized by consensus protocols that are shared among participants. Smart Contracts offer digital rules and agreements that are executed automatically when predetermined conditions are met. By leveraging the power of blockchain and Smart Contracts, data remains secure, transparent, and immutable.  Consequently, trading partners can trust one another without needing an intermediary or expensive third-party validation. Smart Contracts also give rise to numerous possibilities such as immutable contracts, audit trails, identity management, safe asset transfer, and the automation of legal documents. All of this indicates that blockchain and Smart Contracts are viable solutions for the storage, transmission, and sharing of information securely, transparently, and efficiently. Blockchain technology and smart contracts are transforming the means by which we transact and administer bargains. These tools guarantee increased transparency, security, and productivity. Nevertheless, they also rouse inquiries about the legal traceability of smart contracts and how blockchain archives can be relied on as evidence in lawful disputes. The acknowledgment of in the legal framework is still in flux, yet there is a growing agreement that these technologies can make the directive of the law more effective and eliminate the need for middlemen. Some countries have already made advancements to specify the legal situation of smart contracts, while the future progress of this technology is being carefully observed by others. smart contracts and blockchain-based transactions The supervision of newly arising technologies is an issue of ongoing concern. Governments need to create appropriate regulations and mechanisms in order to keep up with the constant introduction of advanced solutions. This requires careful consideration of the potential risks associated with embracing these technologies, while also acknowledging the potential for them to improve society. The development of appropriate legislation for emerging technologies is an ever-evolving challenge. Policymakers must carefully take into account the scientific, ethical, and legal ramifications of introducing new solutions. They must assess the potential benefits within the wider context of society and weigh up the possible risks that could be incurred. It is only through robust regulation that equal rewards can be gained. Ensuring the successful implementation of regulations governing emerging technologies is also essential. The need for sufficient monitoring and enforcement cannot be understated; any tentative steps taken in this area should be met with vigorous oversight. Promoting public awareness of any changes to the would also be beneficial, as it ensures that individuals and organizations are kept abreast of the latest developments. legal landscape In conclusion, it is clear that regulating emerging technologies will remain an ongoing challenge and a complex and multi-disciplinary approach is required in order to ensure compliance. Governments must assess the risks and benefits of any solution prior to implementation, while also providing ample resources for monitoring and enforcement. The implementation of these measures will help ensure that any potential rewards are realized in a fair and responsible fashion. Up-and-coming technologies such as biotechnology, quantum computing, and artificial general intelligence are on the horizon, which poses fresh trials and chances. Lawmaking entities must try to anticipate the repercussions of these technologies and commit to formulating regulations proactively in order to govern their exploitation. Ethical issues, safety, and potential for abuse are all consequences to bring into account. As an example, genetic alteration technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, yet they raise disquiets about inevitable effects and moral quandaries. Quantum computing's ability to surpass existing cryptography regulations necessitates sound cyber defense rules, and AGI's likely sway on the workforce and the global population entails complete policy frameworks. To put it in a nutshell, the relationship between law and technology is dynamic and incessantly transforming. As our planet is continually being technologically transformed, the legal climate has to reshape itself to ensure the safeguarding of individual liberties, enhance cybersecurity, endorse innovation, and ensure accountability. Technological developments deliver numerous opportunities and obstacles and necessitate an adaptive legal posture that can properly juggle the significance of growth and structures required to help foster social values and aspirations. In the forthcoming, the amalgamation of law and technology will keep on evolving and the legal domain will have to juggle with these continual changes.

Legal Strategies for Navigating the Information Age 

SCANDAL AND ITS VICTIMS.

I returned to my family estate in the autumn of the year 2092

Imagine this: it's the year 2050, and your children stumble upon an image of Joe Biden kissing a woman, with a perception that he may be cheating on his partner. The accompanying caption reads, "This rare historical capture shows President Joe Biden in a compromising position, challenging our understanding of his character." Combining the convincing image and the compelling caption might be enough for your kids to judge Joe Biden’s character. https://twitter.com/JuuustinBrown/status/1662225642501578754?s=20&embedable=true However, the truth behind its creation by using Midjourney raises awareness about the potential dangers of AI-altered content. In light of Justin T. Brown's creation, though initially convincing, the image shed light on the potential hazards of AGI. Justin T. Brown , the powerful AI, holds promise and peril. A future where AGI, capable of human-like reasoning, alters online content, blurring the lines between past and present. Our history, as we know it, could become a malleable canvas in the hands of this technology. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) With AGI, online documents could be manipulated, images added or erased, and content metadata changed. Even algorithms could be tampered with, impacting what we see and know. AGI's potential to rewrite history poses a grave threat, distorting our collective memory. AGI can subtly erase critical historical events from digital archives, influencing our understanding of the past. A new narrative emerges, shaping opinions and guiding societies down unknown paths. DeepFake technology makes the problem even worse by creating fake videos and speeches of leaders, which can confuse and make us doubt what is real. It becomes hard to trust the news and our leaders when we don't know if what we see and hear is true. This combination of poses a considerable danger as it challenges the truth and the democratic values we believe in. It's like a giant puzzle that's difficult to solve, especially for older people. powerful AI and DeepFake Yet, amidst this digital conundrum, an old-school solution might be our saving grace. , though published by big companies with their agendas, have a unique advantage - they're fixed on paper. Once printed, they can't be altered like digital documents that AI could swiftly change en masse. Imagine a world where AI manipulates information, leading to a distorted reality. In such a scenario, printed textbooks become crucial for humanity. They serve as a reliable source of knowledge, even during uncertain times when AI might take over or be used maliciously. Picture books as a safe harbor, providing us with authentic information and preserving the truth when everything else seems uncertain. They have withstood the test of time, providing a reliable source of knowledge in an age of uncertainty. Books Yet, as I ponder this potential lifeline, I must admit that I'm not entirely certain. The could render even physical books susceptible to manipulation through cleverly crafted misinformation campaigns. Perhaps, in the future, we will find ourselves questioning the authenticity of every piece of information, no matter its form. rapid advancements in AI

Why Printed Books Are Our Last Hope in the Face of AGI

It was my usual day. I was swiping new interesting vacancies to see what is required for my and higher positions. Then I started using ChatGPT to generate a cover letter for me, so my applications will be more personalized, and my chances to have feedback will be higher, but I had to copy-paste more than three times, so I decided to automate this process. React, TypeScript, JavaScript, CSS, HTML Project's tech stack: Step 1: Obtain OpenAI API Key The first thing you need is to obtain the OpenAI API key, so you'll be able to make requests to the ChatGPT model. To do so, you need: Generate OpenAI API key here https://platform.openai.com/account/api-keys Set up a paid account here: . Optional https://platform.openai.com/account/billing/overview It might be required if your trial is expired. And don't forget to save the API key in a safe place, as it will be required in the next steps and during usage. Step 2: Use the WebExtension template I've developed a small WebExtension, which contains the most needed code to automate job applications. The source code can be found here: . I used as a target job board platform. If you're using djinni.co you can just go ahead and use the template extension as an app. https://github.com/mainarthur/open-djinni-ai.git https://djinni.co I'll show you how to adapt this template to other job boards. I'll use as a target in this tutorial. https://jobs.dou.ua/ Template's structure In the contentScript folder, you can find file, which will be injected into the target webpage where you can add DOM manipulations and other logic contentScript.ts In the popup folder, you can find files that will be used to render the extension's popup. In the static folder, you can update the extension's logo and manifest.json. Using manifest.json, you specify basic metadata about your extension, such as the name and version, and can also specify aspects of your extension's functionality (such as background scripts, content scripts, and browser actions). #1 #2 Step 3: Template modification and usage Dependencies: , , git node.js yarn So let's start with cloning the template repo: git clone https://github.com/mainarthur/open-djinni-ai.git open-dou-ai
cd open-dou-ai Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode You can change open-dou-ai to whatever name of the folder you want, or don't include it at all # Update remote URLYou can change the remote URL in case you want to push your changes to own git account and here is an easy command for it: git remote set-url origin git@github.com:yourUserName/YourRepoName.git Then we should install all dependencies: yarn install Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode and let's start analyzing the web page Let's take a look at vacancy URL It will help you find a pattern for the URL because you will need it for the manifest file: src/static/manifest.json "content_scripts": [
    {
      "matches": [
        "https://jobs.dou.ua/companies/*/vacancies/*"
      ],
      "js": [
        "contentScript.js"
      ]
    }
  ], Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode Now our contentScript will be executed only on dou.ua vacancy page Next, we will need an apply button. Locate it on the website. Then you should find the ID or class CSS selector for the element. The easiest way to do so is to use DevTools. and now we can update the content script with our new selector const allApplyButtons = document.querySelectorAll(
  "a#reply-btn-id"
); Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode When we click "apply," the text area for the cover letter shows up, then we repeat the same procedure as we did with apply button. Then we update contentScript again with this selector: setTimeout(async () => {
    const textarea = document.querySelector(
      "textarea#reply_descr"
    ) as HTMLTextAreaElement; Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode The extension also requires vacancy text for ChatGPT prompt generation. So you need to find a selector for vacancy text: const data = {
      model: "gpt-3.5-turbo",
      messages: [
        {
          role: "user",
          content:
            "Hello, my skills are " +
            (await get(SKILLS_LIST_KEY)) +
            ", my experience:" +
            (await get(EXPERIENCE_KEY)) +
            " generate me a personalized apply message for a vacancy: " +
            (
              document.querySelector(
                "div.vacancy-section"
              ) as HTMLDivElement
            ).innerText,
        },
      ],
    }; Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode And let's also don't forget to update the name of our new extension in popup.tsx return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <Nav>
        <Heading>OpenAI dou.ua Apply</Heading>
      </Nav>
      <Main> Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode and in file: manifest.json {
  "manifest_version": 3,
  "name": "Dou AI",
  "description": "Chrome extension for applying dou.ua jobs using OpenAI's ChatGPT",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "action": { Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode And now we're ready to build and run the extension. To build your code, you can run this command: yarn build Enter fullscreen mode. Exit fullscreen mode and load the build in your browser Go to chrome://extensions/ Turn on developer mode Load the unpacked extension, and here you have it. Now we can move back to the vacancy page and refresh it. Open the popup and fill all data: We're ready to use it with any vacancy because now we have the 'Apply with ChatGPT' button. Let's click on it and wait for the result And we're finally done. The resulting code you can find here: . This project still has a lot of room for improvement: we can add animations, adapt it for multiple platforms at once, and include the ability to dynamically select CSS selectors. https://github.com/mainarthur/open-dou-ai Also published . here

Automating Your Job Application with ChatGPT

There is a recent article, , where the author stated that "While some researchers suggest that conscious AI is close at hand, others, including me, believe it remains far away and might not be possible at all. But even if unlikely, it is unwise to dismiss the possibility altogether. Why Conscious AI Is a Bad, Bad Idea The prospect of artificial consciousness raises ethical, safety, and societal challenges significantly beyond those already posed by AI. Importantly, some of these challenges arise even when AI systems merely seem to be conscious, even if, under the hood, they are just algorithms whirring away in subjective oblivion." There is another recent article, , where the author stated that "Researchers love to expound on the complexity of their learning models and how even they don’t understand what the models are actually doing and how it learns what it seems to do. And indeed, in some limited domains, such as learning how to play chess or go, machine learning can seem to learn how to do specific tasks much better than humans. Artificial Intelligence—Still a long way away But in the context of GENERAL artificial intelligence or AGIs (which is the kind that most pundits are afraid will eventually take over the world), machine learning is nowhere near the level that we can consider intelligent. And this breaks down to one simple fact: AGIs don’t actually know anything." The question that these articles, or others with similar drift, skip is: what does AI know? What do these large language models know? If they can respond to some queries or can carry out certain tasks accurately, those things, how can they be categorized? Humans have external senses, but those are not ends. Often, it is see to know or see and know, applying to hear, touch, smell, and taste. When something is sighted, its completion is what is known about it. If it is known, fine, if not, the decision may vary. During deep sleep, in a coma, or under general anesthesia when it appears that knowing is AWOL, the activities that allow knowing to go on—in the mind—are present, even though their degree does not get to awareness or attention. The parallel to this is internal senses, where they function properly without awareness, until something changes or gets known, directly or referred, like pain. A key difference between the moments after death, from the last moments of life, is that the ability for the individual to know has closed. Hearing, pain, and others are no longer known. In general, feelings and emotions are not categorized with knowing, but when things are felt, they can be said to be felt and known, like cold, heat, pain, and thirst. The same applies to anger, delight, interest, and love. The emotion is known. Subjective experiences are also known; for example, the position of a limb, the location of an itch, and so forth. Knowing is central to a key source, the mind. If knowing were the brain, death may not be possible. But the mind, overseeing knowing, packs, and life goes. The cells and molecules of the brain structure, . organize, build, or construct the mind The mind, however, has a different structure, function, and components from the brain. Serotonin is the brain; mood is the mind. Organisms without a brain have a form—or mechanism—similar to the mind that helps them know. The organisms with a brain have a form of mind. The components of the mind, conceptually, are quantities and properties. Humans have more quantities and properties than others or can know more than others—making humans dominant. Organisms can be said to be categorized by what they can know. The list of what humans know includes perceptions, sensations, feelings, emotions, memory, and so forth. Memory includes creativity, reasoning, language, intelligence, skill, and so on. All that humans know can be summed up to 1. Plants and animals know, but their total is not 1. AI does not have feelings, emotions, or sensations but it mirrors parts of the human memory. The total possibility of what AI knows—or its memory, is higher than the share of memory for many plants and animals. This memory total is also possibly higher than the total knowing for some simple plants and animals. LLMs may hallucinate, lack some logic, mix things up, or not understand, but to the extent that they submit accuracies, they have a division of consciousness. . Humans are the standard with a value of 1. The mind gives knowing or consciousness. The sentience of AI, like humans, is predicated on knowing, to the limited maximum—in the memory category. Consciousness can be defined as the ability for any system to know Feature image: Map of Brain Cortex. Source: NIH

Sentience: AI, LLMs—Artificial Consciousness?

I Interviewed Socrates_GPT: Here's How It Went

আমি সক্রেটিস_GPT-এর সাক্ষাত্কার নিয়েছি: এখানে কিভাবে এটি গেল

Ich habe Socrates_GPT interviewt: So lief es

Entrevisté a Socrates_GPT: Así es como fue

J'ai interviewé Socrates_GPT : voici comment ça s'est passé

मैंने सुकरात_जीपीटी का साक्षात्कार लिया: यहां बताया गया है कि यह कैसे हुआ

Socrates_GPT にインタビューしました: これがその方法です

소크라테스_GPT를 인터뷰했습니다: 진행 과정은 다음과 같습니다.

Eu entrevistei Socrates_GPT: Veja como foi

Socrates_GPT ile Röportaj Yaptım: İşte Nasıl Oldu?

Tôi đã phỏng vấn Socrates_GPT: Đây là cách nó đã diễn ra

我采访了 Socrates_GPT：事情是这样进行的

Photo credit, AI generated NFT ( ) made using Stable Diffusion 2.1 and minted on the Nodle blockchain #614963229 AI is on the verge of quickly evolving into Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and performing specific tasks better than humans. With all the jobs that an AGI will replace, it is evident that our society will to compensate for the loss of revenues for many people. It will also provide the opportunity to gain more time to adapt and learn new skills that an AGI will never perform as well as a human. Given the complexity of AGI’s ‘thinking flow’ that precedes the solution, it will become necessary to record specific steps of the process or sources taken into consideration for providing an answer. In addition, given the AGI's various creations, it is becoming essential to record originals in an immutable way, whether they are photos, images, videos, or applications, to prove they were created by a human or a group of humans. need to find ways to provide a Universal Basic Income (UBI) It is hard to estimate the direct economic impact on our society that AGI will have. Instead of fighting against AGI, we should embrace it. ; and we have at our fingertips technical solutions like blockchain and cryptocurrencies to create a UBI and make sense of what an AGI does. It is happening now These technologies are coming together, allowing us to create a new economic system that fosters creativity, consciousness, and more balance in people’s lives. The impact of AGI on jobs will be massive. It is probably not a coincidence that more than 120,000 tech jobs were lost in the US in the first two months of 2023 alone. Five years from now, we won’t probably need any mid-level programmers. An AGI would be capable enough to create websites or mobile applications by leveraging available libraries and open-source UIs. I use Chat GPT-4 and find that it is much better than any intern I have ever had, probably much better than the top 10 percentile of a student coming out of the top 10 US universities. I encourage everyone in my company to use it to gain time and be more productive. I don’t think I will ever need to hire a copywriter or a translator again. On the opposite, I was motivated to go back to coding to leverage the amazing capabilities of such LLM to dig into unique datasets and discover things I would not realize or be able to recognize patterns or trends much faster. AI Will lead to a more balanced life for humans. One of the other great potential benefits is enabling people to have more time. More time for themselves, working on themselves, learning, developing their consciousness, and enjoying life. This should participate in making anyone’s quality of life. Universal Basic Income (UBI) and alternative sources of revenue UBI and alternative sources of revenue can provide a solution to expected massive job displacements caused by AI advancements. Learn-to-Earn (L2E) In an era where the availability of information is growing exponentially by the day, crypto ecosystems provide many ways to incentivize and gamify learning. Governments could easily leverage these tools and sponsor programs to help people catch up with the latest advancements in AI, educate them, and have them learn new skills. Access to Finance (DeFi) Look at the way Nigerians are adopting Bitcoin and how cryptocurrencies and DeFi are enabling many for the first time to have the equivalent of a bank account when most banking institutions would not allow them to open an account. Crypto ecosystems remove the friction of traditional finance. Defi allows anyone to access loans and investment opportunities and optimize how they manage their assets independently from the value of their portfolio. They provide an infrastructure to pay people anywhere in the world for a fraction of the cost compared to traditional overseas transactions. Cryptocurrencies also enable micro-transactions linked to systems with immutable proofs to justify payment, the creation of an asset, and/or their distribution. Programmable money goes even one step further by linking a cryptocurrency for specific usage, removing risks of abuse and corruption. Additional Passive and Active Incomes Nodle is just one example of how anyone with a smartphone can participate in a network and earn a passive income for sharing some of their smartphone’s resources or taking part in specific actions whose results can be cryptographically proven. : Disclaimer The author is a co-founder and CEO at Nodle.io Developing new skills incentivized using blockchain ecosystems could be a great option. There is hope; blockchain ecosystems can help create incentives, while AGI will force us to become better at anything we do, learn soft skills, and take on jobs that will help others develop their creativity and consciousness. These qualities will be hard to be replicated by an AI and will undoubtedly advance society toward valuing unique skill sets. We have already entered the creator’s economy, but this time everyone will be forced to become one or develop other soft skills. Soft skills Soft skills encompass the personal attributes that enable individuals to interact effectively and harmoniously with others in the workplace. These sought-after skills include but are not limited Employers highly value these abilities. They will look for these skills as they contribute significantly to creating a positive work environment and fostering successful collaborations. to effective communication, active listening, teamwork, adaptability, conflict resolution, time management, critical thinking, creativity, and emotional intelligence. How will blockchain technologies help Original Creations and understanding of AI Decisions? Blockchain records of an AGI’s flow of reasonings and decisions Combining neural networks and LLM (Large Language Models) processes with blockchain can help understand AI/AGI reasoning. It can highlight multiple sources at the origin of creation or record a decision that impacted the physical world. This is particularly needed when AGI will be used to take proactive actions. An important side benefit of recording some blockchain processes is increasing transparency on these decisions. NFTs and other such public certificates on the blockchain NFTs are a disruptive innovation whose immutable nature helps protect, prove, and trade original creations (e.g., art, music, writing, photos, videos, code). Future Implications and Challenges As AGI advances, challenges will arise, such as large corporations monopolizing valuable datasets. For example, a potential issue could be that large companies try to keep large datasets private to build a competitive advantage over competitors and maximize revenues. This behavior could create ethical severe issues regarding the accessibility of AI systems in healthcare or medicine, where an AI can improve diagnostics accuracy and potentially propose better medical prescriptions. It raises questions about the role of regulation that must address the issues highlighted above to protect individual interests. Regulation can also threaten the development of blockchain ecosystems and cryptocurrencies. It will need to appreciate the benefits they bring in the context of the development of much-needed UBI and alternative sources of revenue for individuals. To succeed, a potential New Economic System must be decentralized to remove control from large corporations and enable individuals to benefit from AGI's advancements. Very likely, LLM will need to be open-sourced. OpenAI seems to be considering open-sourcing GPT models, but it has still not happened. I encourage any of you to perform further research and engage in discussions on these topics to better understand and prepare for the future.

AI & Blockchain Won't Compete Against One Another But Work Together To Build A New Economic System 

AI y Blockchain no competirán entre sí, sino que trabajarán juntos para construir un nuevo sistema económico

L'IA et la blockchain ne se feront pas concurrence mais travailleront ensemble pour construire un nouveau système économique

एआई और ब्लॉकचैन एक दूसरे के खिलाफ प्रतिस्पर्धा नहीं करेंगे बल्कि एक नई आर्थिक प्रणाली बनाने के लिए मिलकर काम करेंगे

AIとブロックチェーンは互いに競合するのではなく、協力して新しい経済システムを構築します

AI e Blockchain não competirão entre si, mas trabalharão juntos para construir um novo sistema econômico

AI & Blockchain sẽ không cạnh tranh với nhau mà hợp tác cùng nhau để xây dựng một hệ thống kinh tế mới

人工智能与区块链不相互竞争而是共同构建新的经济体系

While artificial intelligence (AI) has not been a new invention or area of research for decades, many of us are suddenly aware it is on the verge of mass adoption. We witnessed the extensive usage of large language models—for example, the ChatGPT—across various industries, infiltrating our everyday lives. Movie scenes have taught us that AI is inherently wrong; it will eventually take over humankind, reigning the world into a dystopian state. This is not only an one-sided single view from a layman, as a bunch of technology entrepreneurs and thought leaders recently published an to call for at least a 6-month pause in the development of a more robust AI system—namely GPT-4—unless the threats associated with it can be alleviated into manageable risks. open letter The future outlook seems to bloom rapidly at first but is quickly flooded with pessimistic worries. So, the engine has already started, and this no-rear-gear car is heading to a critical crossroad; there is no way back. The only question left in the cabin is, where shall we direct to? Transparency Matters in AI Imagine your eyes are tied by a troop of fort and forceful soldiers, and they throw you into a completely dark container. They tell you not to panic because they are just going to bring you to a safe place. Although their tones are mild and gentle, this is still very suspicious. AI is no different from this black box. The smart recommendation algorithm is one circumstance that we all have come across. The results we look for from the search engine, the video programs we watch, and the songs we listen to are suggested mainly by deep neural networks, which are models consisting of multiple layers of parameters to determine the outcome. On the one hand, engineers are eager to add as many layers as possible to increase the “predictability,” “objectiveness,” or “accuracy” of the model, but when more—some even to millions or billions—parameters are incorporated, it is hard for any human to deduce the thinking process of the model. What makes it worse is that the companies who developed the models are often reluctant to share the parameters and open the source codes of the models. They opine that doing so will invite gaming of the system, leading to abused and biased usage. While this claim sounds logical at first glance, it may induce more devastating impacts. Many financial institutions have credit rating systems powered by AI modeling. When such opacity exists without clear, transparent assessment criteria for the public or even the model developers to understand, the rights to access vital financial services such as banking, financial credit, and insurance will be solely determined by an opaque AI model. How can we ensure the model is always “correct,” given the developers have no idea of what is happening in the decision mechanism? And most importantly, what does “correct” itself mean? To further expand, some governments have been exploring—if not implementing—a for their citizens. People have to obtain and maintain a specific social credit score before they can enjoy some public services or apply for a job in governmental bodies. This is only the beginning; ultimately, the social credit rating system will most likely severely affect your freedom. Whether you can get a travel visa or rent an apartment, they are all by the mercy of AI, similar to what has been described in , a series. social credit system Black Mirror Netflix We do not trust without understanding. It is horrifying that we have no clue about AI bias—or preference if speaking in a neutral tone. An upright view of AI creation is to eliminate the biases of humans, but forgotten AI may have similar inclinations Returning to the case of a bank, relying only on demographic and behavioral data of the bank’s current clients could lead to the model targeting clients by ethnical backgrounds or skewing to the richer. Where we have set aside the discussion of discrimination and equality here to fully support the bank using this (assumably) biased client onboarding model—for their benefits due to commercial purposes and profit maximization, we have to admit the model itself has an appetite. It may lead to falsifying client rejection, eroding the bank’s business day by day. I am not a subject expert on this scientific question, but one pragmatic concern is how the bank can acquire data from non-customers, or in other words, where it can get data from its competitors. Nevertheless, engineers will not know how much data is required to train the model to become impartial. Is enlarging the dataset for training a possible way to eliminate the survivorship bias? Too Big to Fail The recommendation algorithm on and the client onboarding model of the bank are some applications of narrow AI, which focus on a particular task. Though their interferences are bound to a limited area—which has already been substantial, some stronger AI models are around the corner. YouTube (AGI) aims to learn human values and wisdom to replace humans in performing most tasks. While the creators have—or are guessed to have—goodwill, they are still unsure how to prevent misalignment completely. The same has happened to users, who believe the technology is so powerful that they are too dependent on it for everyday life. As mentioned above, AI training requires enormous amounts of data. Users’ continuous adoption of a specific algorithm is essentially a data-feeding iteration. The more users adopt the model, the more data the model gathers and the stronger the model. Artificial general intelligence ChatGPT and other large language models are some of the most revealing manifestations. They are pre-trained by massive text walls, ranging from an old-school history scholar to a fictitious novel author. People are having fun playing prompts and responses, fascinated by the powerful improvisation and imagination abilities within the models. They are using the models unconsciously, perhaps unaware that they are contributing to the further training of models, reinforcing the models’ power. It appears immaterial from users’ perspectives as they only care about the results. Empirically, this conjecture is not always true that AI sometimes commits unintended actions, surprising the users. The to columnist Kevin Roose is not a single event. marriage proposed by the Microsoft Bing chatbot No model is perfect; they are vulnerable to data and human training. In the case of large language models, the data sources are broad, so on occasions, the generated feedback will be derived from some improper or deceptive ones—though we are still unable to get clear on why, where, and how AI selects its data sources. Maybe AI is impersonating a lousy pursuer to Kevin, fitting replies on the spot that it learned from an exciting and romantic poem in an online dating forum. Engineers have been working hard to reduce these undesirable outcomes through techniques such as reinforcement learning by human feedback. However, scalable oversight is still a bottleneck due to the vast amounts of data to evaluate. And the situation is dynamic and evolving—bad data or malicious trainers constantly turn up. Shall another AI be introduced as the supervisor instead? It is uncertain—at least by now—as humans are yet to discover a powerful AI that is always honest. Should Technology be Regulated or the People? Using AI causally for fun is entertaining, if not weird, but things will not go well when conducting proper academic or business research, using AI, without verification. Hallucination is a common problem—especially in generative AI tools like large language models—that the AI will confidently write up untrue and nonsense content in a structured, highly organized manner, fooling the users that it is telling the truth. The underlying issue is not about the truth; instead, it is how we perceive it. These delusions from AI provoke creativity, but misusing it poses perilous damages. For instance, deep fake is a face-swap technology applied often in movie production. Still, conversely, pranksters joke with celebrities and politicians on the internet, using their faces for pornography and fake news makeup. The creation of an alternative truth with forged evidence is so harmful that regulatory measures are desperately needed. Like any other new technology, AI has invited lengthy discussions about regulation. Traditionally, we believe technology is neutral, a tool without prejudice, so we should monitor the person who pulls the trigger instead. AI adds a layer of complexity during the transition from narrow AI to strong AGI. When powerful AGIs possess the same emotions, preferences, and wisdom as humans, presumably, they can act on their accord like mankind. The only difference is these superintelligences are much cleverer. Values are diverse across different people, and so do AIs—there is no guarantee of the nonexistence of evil superpowers. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Therefore, before the situation accelerates, companies who dedicate to developing AI, notably the titans who are ambitious to deploy their AIs for public usage (as a commercial decision), should promote the concept of self-awareness and self-regulation. These include data input, model design, model training, setting up model constraints (AGI developers would object to it), and model auditing. Until AI can self-regulate, the technology owners are responsible for being the guardian. Still, trust issue arises. Amateurs are confident with the security performance of the technology giants and sharing sensitive information like , albeit not noticing the terms and conditions they abided by. The privacy policy by OpenAI—developer and owner of ChatGPT—has already stated that the data transferred to and stored in their servers are not utterly safeguarded. some Samsung employees do Unfortunately, this has been confirmed by recently, leaking users’ chat histories and personal identifier information (PII) such as first and last name, email address, payment address, the last four digits of the credit card number, and credit card expiration date. Whether it is an isolated negligence or a systematic failure of procedural design, it intensifies the skepticism among policymakers. Italy has already imposed a temporary blanket ban on ChatGPT, probing privacy concerns and the protection of minors. Germany, France, and Ireland have said they are investigating. their data breach incident Openness, Decentralization is the Future A variant of the classical principal-agent problem comes back to the attention. The imbalance of interests between the public and the private proprietorship magnifies when technology advances, whereas powerhouse, captures most—if not all—utilities, leveraging the data supplied by the people. Technology intends to bring a fairer society, not the opposite. To strive for idealism, we should encourage the decentralization of technology, exhilarating more participants to join forces. It is intruding to prefer numerous narrow AIs to one omniscient AGI, but by dividing the control of power, we are more distant to a single point of failure or malice. Multiple competing, counter-supervising AGIs are also probable, as having choices in addition to checks and balances is always wise. Openness is another field to deal with. While internal auditing is a cornerstone to upholding an AI model’s reliability, it is necessary to embrace the core principles of open source. A community-driven debugging and enhancement process contributes to refined shared knowledge, improving future research progress tremendously and leading a common good for all of us. Going further to the point that should public interests outweigh intellectual property rights—a motivation for innovation within private entities—we must seek a way to align their interests. A new reward mechanism has to be invented to split the shares proportionately among sponsors, model developers, trainers, users, and data owners. New organizational-people relationships will evolve as all the stakeholders have contributed to the value-added AI technology. The incentives of the proprietary owners are inevitably compromised, as the economic benefits from the AI monopolies will most likely be redistributed to justify the effort of data owners. Quite a few language models are working as open source, like Google’s BERT, Eleuther AI’s GPT-J/GPT Neo, Responsible AI’s BLOOM, and Cerebras’ Cerebras-GPT, yet understandable for those who have opted for close source—either for internal beta-testing so not ready to publicize, or protecting proprietorship for commercial reasons. Even so, Twitter has partially of the recommendation algorithm. Though Twitter’s primary source of revenue is advertisements, which is more dependent on platform engagement rather than the recommendation algorithm—and whether the company has its own agenda for this sudden disclosure—a more transparent approach will stimulate further improvements. released its source code Conclusion: The Need for Ethically Improving AI Fear of AI may stem from our uncertainty and distrust of the technology, but it is not entirely unfounded. Humans must nurture AI with care and caution, guiding it to do good to humans instead of causing harm. The current landscape is complicated; expansion is quick, yet many moral standards have been broken. While the debate to halt the development of stronger AI is expected to continue, a consensus on ethically improving AI has to be observed. Leaders should realize that drawing boundaries for protectionism is unfeasible anymore, no matter if they are pro or against this unavoidable new age movement. Same with AI itself, AI alignment requires all humans—maybe AI too—to share and devote their collective intelligence. This article was originally published on . Michael Kwok’s Substack

Peering Inside the AI Black Box: The Pressing Need for Transparency

: a world where AI is not just a “chatbot” you interact with, but an entity that is responsible for decision-making, scientific research, and even guiding humanity forward. Picture this Welcome to the world of , Artificial General Intelligence, which refers to AI systems as smart as humans, or greater. The quest for AGI has been a long-standing goal of the AI community, and recent advances in generative models have led to an increasing interest in their potential for achieving AGI. AGIs Generative Models A generative model is a type of machine learning model that is able to generate data samples, based on the large volumes of data that it is trained on (mostly text but now images as well). They can learn the patterns and structures of language from a large corpus of text and then generate new text that is coherent and follows the same patterns. The breakthrough here was to use “ ” – a type of neural network introduced in 2017. Transformers Now, more interestingly ……I asked GPT whether a Generative Model could generate something that was in its training data ( important as we move to AGIs ). never Here was its response: The answer is that, by identifying patterns and data structure, it may be able to, but will struggle to generate anything vastly different from the training data, and nothing “ ”. This is where we are currently. completely novel A mirror into your civilization...... If I had to describe GPT in an exciting way : Currently, Generative Models are a mirror of your civilization at a point in time, an automated and efficient record and reflection of everything you have done (once trained on everything). Given that humans have to generate science, art, and culture over many years, and then train the models on the entirety of this, there is a huge dependency – for these Generative models to have any value, the content on which the model is trained needs to be created first. These models may seem “smarter” than a human, but that is because they can access information generated by human culture and civilization instantly, whereas the humans, whose creativity came up with everything in the first place, cannot..... The Two Planets example To further illustrate, I have come up with the “two planets” example. In this scenario, imagine a duplicate civilization that has evolved to the same level as the Earth-Human civilization, say on Proxima Centauri. They would potentially have similar cultural achievements, and the same level of technology, although their language, appearance, etc could be different. At the same time as Earth, they develop Generative models and their version of GPT4. If we queried the Earth GPT4 model about anything on Proxima Centauri,
it would know nothing..... Of course, the reciprocal would apply as well. Even a more advanced model, a GPT 5 or 6, would have the same limitations, as it was not trained on any data from that planet. Would you still consider it “intelligence”? How useful would GPT be in this scenario? Well, if the aliens came here, they use the Earth GPT4 to learn all about our planet, culture, and achievements, assuming they quickly learned one of our languages that the GPT model is also familiar with. However, what was once being spoken of as an “AGI” may not be considered as such in this example. could What would be truly impressive is if the Earth could understand images or pass an IQ test from the hypothetical Proxima Centauri civilization…. GPT4 Innate Intelligence It is still amazing to me that GPT4 has an understanding of patterns, relationships in images, and the ability to pass a simple IQ test. Yes, it was trained by its creators to do this, based on data from mankind’s history, but once trained it has this ability. This brings us to the definition of Intelligence itself, and the concept of innate intelligence. “Every living being has some level of innate intelligence” While factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and cultural experiences can impact cognitive development and, in turn, influence IQ test performance in humans, these are not the only factors that influence intelligence. Genetics, neurological factors, and individual differences in learning capability also play a role. Therefore, there is an innate intelligence in every living being that plays a large part in the resulting visible intelligence demonstrated in the real world. How do we create artificial intelligence with some level of innate intelligence? Remember, if a human baby grows up in a culture different from his/her parents, learning a different language, the child still manages to learn quickly. Consider this – if we go back to the Two Planets example, and we are confident that while the Earth GPT4, 5, or 6 will have no knowledge of culture, language, events, etc from another civilization, it WILL manage to : Perform mathematical calculations that are constant in the universe Understand basic patterns that are constant in the universe Learn the basic structures of language that may be common in the universe Thus, ….have the ability to potentially learn from ANOTHER civilization and their data We then approach something very exciting…… we could then argue that in creating these models which, admittedly had to be trained on all our data to with, we are taking the first steps into creating something with a small amount of innate intelligence. And each subsequent model would then build on the previous in terms of capability, until….well, would iteration 7 or 8 be an AGI? start Are they AGIs? At this point, we need to be clear on what our definition of an AGI is, as we are finally moving in closer to creating one. I believe that our definition has become muddied. Does an AGI and the Singularity simply refer to any intelligence smarter than humans? If we go back to the 1993 definition of 'The Singularity’, as per the book “The Coming Technological Singularity” by , he spoke of “computers with super-human intelligence”. I could argue that GPT4 is already smarter than any human in terms of recalling knowledge, although it would be less capable of creativity, understanding, and emotional intelligence. Vernor Vinge He also talks about human civilization evolving to merge with this super intelligence. This hasn’t happened but brain interfaces have been built already. A brain interface into Chat GPT4 that would allow a human to call up all our civilization’s knowledge instantly, turning him/her into a “superhuman”, is actually possible with today’s technology. It could be argued then that we have met the criterion already for the singularity by the 1993 definition…… The Singularity If we move to futurist definition of the Singularity, he spoke of “…when technological progress will accelerate so rapidly that it will lead to profound changes in human civilization…”. Ray Kurzweil’s The year 2023, due to the emergence of GPT3 and then GPT4, is a watershed year in technological history, like the launch of the PC or the internet. Already there are conversations that I can only have with GPT4 that I cannot have with anyone else. The reason is that the humans around my may now be knowledgeable on particular topics, so I turn to GPT4. I sometimes do try to argue with it and present my opinion, and it responds with a counterargument. By our previous definition of what an AGI could be, it can be argued that we have already achieved it or are, at least, very close to it with GPT4. We are now certainly on the road to AGI, but we now have to clearly define a roadmap for it. This isn’t binary anymore, as in something is either an AGI or not. More importantly, the fear-mongering around AGIs will certainly not apply to all levels of AGI, once we clearly define these levels. This is particularly important, as recently people such as in the development of AGIs as they could be dangerous. While this is correct, this will also rob humanity of the great benefits that AI can bring to society. Elon Musk have publicly called for a “pause” Surely, if we create a roadmap for AGIs and identify which levels would be dangerous and which will not, we could then proceed with the early levels while exercising more caution at the more advanced levels. Right? The AGI Roadmap Below is a potential roadmap for AGIs with clearly defined stages. - Intelligent machines can perform specific tasks at the human level or better, such as playing chess or diagnosing diseases. They can quickly access the total corpus of humanity’s scientific and cultural achievements and answer questions. Are we here already? Level 1: Intelligent Machines - AGIs that can learn and adapt to new situations, improving their performance over time through experience and feedback. These would be similar to GPT4 but with continued learning post-training. Level 2: Adaptive Minds - AGIs capable of generating original and valuable ideas, whether in science, art, or business. These AGIs build on the scientific and cultural achievements of humans. They start giving us different perspectives on science and the universe. Level 3: Creative Geniuses - AGIs that can understand and respond to human emotions and needs, becoming trusted companions and helpers in daily life. This is the start of “emotion” in these intelligent models, however by this time they may be more than just models but start replicating the brain in electronic form. Level 4: Empathic Companions - AGIs that have subjective experiences, a sense of self, and the ability to reason about their own thoughts and feelings. This is where AGIs could get really unpredictable and potentially dangerous. Level 5: Conscious Thinkers - AGIs that vastly surpass human intelligence in every aspect, with capabilities that we cannot fully define yet with our limited knowledge. These AGIs are what I imagined years ago. These are AGIs that could improve on our civilization’s limitations, and derive the most efficient and advanced designs for just about anything, based on the base principles of physics ( ie. Operating at the highest level of knowledge in the universe). Level 6: Universal Minds As you can see, levels 1-3 may not pose much of a physical threat to humanity, while offering numerous benefits to society, therefore we could make an argument for continuing to develop this capability. Levels 4-6 could pose a significant threat to humanity. It is my view that any work on a level 4-6 AGI should be performed on a space station on Moonbase, to limit potential destruction on Earth. It is debatable whether the human civilization would be able to create a Level 6 AGI, even after 1000 years… Universal Minds Over the last few decades, I have been fascinated with the concept of an Advanced AGI, one that is more advanced than humans and that could thus rapidly expand our technological capability if we utilize it properly. Here is an old blog post on my Blog from 2007 where I was speculating on the Singularity being near, after following people like Kurzweil. What I always imagined was a “super intelligence” that understood the universe from base principles much better than we did, even if it was something we created. Imagine an intelligence that, once it gets to a certain point, facilitates its own growth exponentially. It would perform its own research and learning. It would be logical that such intelligence plays a role in the research  function of humanity going forward. It could take the knowledge given to it and develop scientific theory far more effectively than humans. Already today, for example, we see a lot of data used in Reinforcement Learning being simulated and generated by AI itself. And if the total data we have is limiting, we could then ask it to design better data collection tools for us, ie. Better telescopes, spacecraft, and quantum devices. A simple example that I would use would be the computing infrastructure that we use, on which everything else is built. Most computers today use what’s known as the “Von Neumann” architecture, which is shown below. The main drawback of this architecture is that data has to be constantly moved between CPU and memory, which causes latency. On top of this, we typically use the x86 CPU, then Operating systems like Windows or Linux, then applications are written in programming languages like C++. Imagine if we could engineer an optimal, efficient computing architecture, from base principles, with orders of magnitude improvements at the base architecture level, CPU level, OS level, and application software level. This would be a difficult task for humans to undertake today, not just in terms of the actual technical design, but also in building it, collaborating on the next layer above, and adopting the technology. With a “super-intelligent” Universal AI, it would have the power to generate every layer at once. It would also give us design schematics for the factories to build the new components, that too in the most quickest and efficient way. Now while all this seems like a convenient fantasy, I have used the above example to illustrate the great strides that a “ ” could help humanity make. Universal Mind Another example would be to ask it to calculate how best and efficiently to “ ” or “ ”. solve the world hunger problem solve the climate problem When you consider the above, it does seem like the benefits outweigh the problems, although the one problem that has always been brought up is that a Universal Mind may decide to destroy humanity. Hence I say, if we’re going to try to build it, take the necessary safeguards, over and above the Responsible AI safeguards that we have today, and consider building the AGI off-world, say on a space station or moon base, with the ability to cut networking and power if needed. Summary Hold on to your seats! ….. Some GPT models have already shown an impressive ability to pass IQ tests and learn basic mathematics, hinting at the potential for developing a level of intelligence that goes beyond simple text generation. Now that we have an example of a roadmap for AGIs ( above ), we can certainly see how GPT is the start of the early phases in this roadmap, although more technical breakthroughs will be needed to eventually get to the later stages. So buckle up and get ready – We don’t know where the end of this road is and where it will take us, but with GPT models now mainstream, we now know that as of 2023 we are at least on the road itself, traveling forward. All content in this article copywright 2023 Thavash Govender. Images used are licensed under the Creative Commons license. Also published here.

The Path to Conscious Machines: GPT Models and the Quest for AGI

সচেতন মেশিনের পথ: জিপিটি মডেল এবং এজিআইয়ের জন্য কোয়েস্ট

Der Weg zu bewussten Maschinen: GPT-Modelle und die Suche nach AGI

El camino hacia las máquinas conscientes: modelos GPT y la búsqueda de AGI

La voie vers les machines conscientes : les modèles GPT et la quête de l'IAG

द पाथ टू कॉन्शियस मशीन्स: जीपीटी मॉडल्स एंड द क्वेस्ट फॉर एजीआई

意識のあるマシンへの道: GPT モデルと AGI の探求

의식 있는 기계로 가는 길: GPT 모델과 AGI 탐구

O caminho para máquinas conscientes: modelos GPT e a busca pela AGI

Bilinçli Makinelere Giden Yol: GPT Modelleri ve AGI Arayışı

Con đường dẫn đến những cỗ máy có ý thức: Các mô hình GPT và nhiệm vụ tìm kiếm AGI

通往有意识机器的道路：GPT 模型和对 AGI 的探索

A Columbus of Space by Garrett Putman Serviss is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . BEFORE THE THRONE OF VENUS BEFORE THE THRONE OF VENUS While we were dropping down toward the city, with a great fleet of air ships attending, Edmund opened his mind upon another curious difficulty besetting us. "You, of course, noted," he said, "how close we approached at one time to the cloud dome. The existence of that sky screen is a circumstance which may possibly be decisive in the determination of our fate." "Favorable or unfavorable?" I asked. "Unfavorable, for this reason. If these people could be made to understand that we are visitors from another world, and not inhabitants of the other side of their own planet, they might treat us with greater consideration, and even with a certain superstitious deference. The imagination is doubtless as active with them as with terrestrial beings, and if you can once touch the imagination, even of the most intelligent and instructed persons, you can do almost anything you choose with them. But how am I to convey to them any idea of this kind? Seeing neither sun, nor moon, nor stars, they can have no conception of such a thing as another world than their own." "Couldn't you persuade them," said Jack, "that we come from the upper side of the cloud dome? You could pretend that it's very fine living up there—plenty of sunshine and good air." Edmund laughed. "I'm afraid, Jack, that they are too intelligent to believe that a person of your avoirdupois could walk on the clouds. You're not quite angelic enough for that. I'm sure that they know perfectly well what the dome consists of." "The presence of Juba with us is another difficulty," I suggested. "If, as you suppose, they recognize certain racial characteristics in him, which convince them that he belongs to the other side of Venus, then they are sure to believe that we belong there, too." "Certainly. But I must find some way round the difficulty. I depend upon the intelligence of Ala. If she had been killed, nothing could have saved us. We have had an unpleasant escape from something too closely resembling the misfortune of Oedipus." In the meanwhile, we reached the capital and disembarked on the great tower. To our intense surprise and delight, instead of being reconducted to prison, we were led into a magnificent apartment, with open arches facing toward the distant mountains, and a repast was spread before us. Juba, to our great contentment, was allowed to accompany us. I think that Jack was the most pleased member of the party at the sight of the food. We sat at a round table, and I observed that the eatables consisted, as with Juba's people, exclusively of vegetables, except that there were birds, of species unknown to us, but of most exquisite flavor, and a light, white wine, the most delicious that I ever tasted. When we had finished eating, we fell to admiring the view, and Jack pulled out his pipe, and, aided by Edmund's pocket lamp, which possessed an attachment for cigar lighting, began to smoke, leaning back luxuriously in his seat, with as much nonchalance as if he had been in the smoking room at the Olympus. I think I may say that we all exhibited a sang froid amidst our novel surroundings that would have astonished us if we had stopped to analyze our feelings, but in that respect Jack was often the coolest member of the party, although he had not the iron nerves of Edmund. On this occasion, he was not long in producing a sensation. No sooner had the smoke begun to curl from his lips than the attendants in the room were thrown into a state of laughable consternation. Evidently they thought, like the servant of Walter Raleigh, that the smoke must come from an internal fire. Their looks showed alarm as well as astonishment. "Keep your pipe concealed," whispered Edmund. "Take a few strong whiffs, and hide it in your pocket before they observe whence the smoke really comes. This may do us some good; it will, at least, serve to awake their imagination, and that is what we need." Jack did as requested, first filling his mouth with smoke, and then slowly letting it out in puffs that more and more astonished the onlookers, who kept at a respectful distance, and excitedly discussed the phenomenon. Suddenly, Jack, with characteristic mobility of thought, turned to Edmund and demanded: "Edmund, why didn't those fellows shoot us when we were running away? There were enough of them to bring us down with the wildest sort of shooting." "They didn't shoot," was the reply, "because they had nothing to shoot with. I have made up my mind that they are an unwarlike people. I don't believe that they have the slightest idea what a gun is. Yet they are no cowards, and they'll fight if there is need of fighting, and no doubt they have weapons of some kind; only they are not natural slaughterers like ourselves, and I shouldn't be surprised if war is unknown on Venus. "All the same," said Jack, "I wish I had my pistol back. I tried to hide it, but those fellows had their eyes on it, and it's confiscated. I'm glad you think they don't know how to use it." "And I'm glad," returned Edmund, "that you haven't got your pistol. You've been altogether too handy with it. Now," he continued, "let us consider our situation. You see at a glance that we have gained a great deal as a result of the parley; the way we have just been treated here shows plainly enough that we shall, at least, have a fair trial, and we couldn't have counted on that before. You can never make people listen to reason against their inclination unless you hold certain advantages, and our advantage was that we clearly had it in our power to continue our flight. My only anxiety now is in regard to the means of holding them to the agreement—for agreement it certainly was—and of impressing them not only with a conviction of our innocence but with a sense of our reserve power, and the more mysterious I can make that power seem to them, the better. That is why I welcomed even the incident of Jack's smoking. We shall surely be arraigned before a court of some kind, and I imagine that we shall not have long to wait. What I wish particularly is that all of you shall desist from every thought of resistance, and follow strictly such instructions as I may have occasion to give you." He had hardly ceased speaking when a number of official-looking persons entered the room where we were. "Here come the cops," said Jack. "Now for the police court." He was not very far wrong. We were gravely conducted to one of the little craft which served for elevators, and after a rapid descent, were led through a maze of passages terminating in a vast and splendid apartment, apparently perfectly square in plan, and at least three hundred feet on a side. It was half filled with a brilliant throng, in which our entry caused a sensation. Light entered through lofty windows on all four sides. The floor seemed to be of a rose-colored marble, with inlaid diapering of lapis lazuli, and the walls and ceiling were equally rich. But that which absolutely fascinated the eye in this great apartment was a huge circle high on the wall opposite the entrance door, like a great clock face, or the rose window of a cathedral, from which poured trembling streams of colored light. "Chromatic music, once more," said Edmund, in a subdued voice. "Do you know, that has a strange effect upon my spirits, situated as we are. It is a prelude that may announce our fate; it might reveal to us the complexion of our judges, if I could but read its meaning." "It is too beautiful to spell tragedy," I said. "Ah, who knows? What is so fascinating as tragedy for those who are only lookers-on?" "But, Edmund," I protested, "why do you, who are always the most hopeful, now fall into despondency?" "I am not desponding," he replied, straightening up. "But this soundless music thrills me with its mysterious power, and sometimes it throws me into dejection, though I cannot tell why. To me, when what I firmly believe was the great anthem of this wonderful race, was played in the sky with spectral harmonies, there was, underlying all its mystic beauty, an infinite sadness, an impending sense of something tragic and terrible." I was deeply surprised and touched by Edmund's manner, and would have questioned him further, but we were interrupted by the officials, who now led us across the vast apartment and to the foot of a kind of throne which stood directly under the great clock face. Then, for the first time, we recognized Ala, seated on the throne. Beside her was a person of majestic stature, with features like those of a statue of Zeus, and long curling hair of snowy whiteness. The severity of his aspect struck cold to my heart, but Ala's countenance was smiling and full of encouragement. As we were led to our places a hush fell upon the throng of attendants, and the colors ceased to play from the circle. "Orchestra stopped," whispered the irrepressible Jack. "Curtain rises." The pause that followed brought a fearful strain upon my nerves, but in a moment it was broken by Ala, who fixed her eyes upon Edmund's face as he stood a little in advance of the rest of us. He returned her regard unflinchingly. Every trace of the feeling which he had expressed to me was gone. He stood erect, confident, masterful, and as I looked, I felt a thrill of pride in him, pride in his genius which had brought us hither, pride in our mother earth—for were we not her far-wandering children? [Illustration: "'Who and what are you, and whence do you come?'"] I summoned all my powers in the effort to understand the tongueless speech which I knew was issuing from Ala's eyes. And I did understand it! Although there was not a sound, I would almost have sworn that my ears heard the words: "Who and what are you, and whence do you come?" Breathlessly I awaited Edmund's answer. He slowly lifted his hand and pointed upward. He was, then, going at once to proclaim our origin from another world; to throw over us the aegis of the earth! The critical experiment had begun, and I shivered at the thought that here they knew no earth; here no flag could protect us. I saw perplexity and surprise in Ala's eyes and in those of the stern Zeus beside her. Suddenly a derisive smile appeared on the latter's lips, while Ala's confusion continued. God! Were we to fail at the very beginning? Edmund calmly repeated his gesture, but it met with no response; no indication appeared to show that it awakened any feeling other than uncomprehending astonishment in one of his judges and derision in the other. And then, with a start, I caught sight of Ingra, standing close beside the throne, his face made more ugly by the grin which overspread it. I was almost wild; I opened my mouth to cry I know not what, when there was a movement behind, and Juba stepped to Edmund's side, dropped on his knees, rose again, and fixed his great eyes upon the judges! My heart bounded at the thoughts which now raced through my brain. Juba belonged to their world, however remote the ancestral connection might be; he possessed at least the elements of their unspoken language; and it might be a tradition among his people, who we knew worshipped the earth-star, that it was a brighter world than theirs. Had Edmund's gesture suddenly suggested to his mind the truth concerning us—a truth which the others had not his means of comprehending—and could he now bear effective testimony in our favor? With what trembling anxiety I watched his movements! Edmund, too, looked at him with mingled surprise and interest in his face. Presently he raised his long arm, as Edmund had done, and pointed upward. A momentary chill of disappointment ran through me—could he do no more than that? But he did more. Half unconsciously I had stepped forward where I could see his face. His eyes were speaking. I knew it. And, thank God! there was a gleam of intelligence answering him from the eyes of our judges. He had made his point; he had suggested to them a thought of which they had never dreamed! They did not thoroughly comprehend him; I could see that, for he must have been for them like one speaking a different dialect, to say nothing of the fundamental difficulty of the idea that he was trying to convey, but yet the meaning did not escape, and as he continued his strange communication, the wonder spread from face to face, for it was not only the judges who had grasped the general sense of what he was telling them. Even at that critical moment there came over me a feeling of admiration for a language like this; a truly universal language, not limited by rules of speech or hampered by grammatical structure. At length it became evident that Juba had finished, but he continued standing at Edmund's side. Ala and her white-headed companion looked at one another, and I tried to read their thoughts. In her face, I believed that I could detect every sign of hope for us. Occasionally she glanced with a smile at Edmund. But the old judge was more implacable, or more incredulous. There was no kindness in his looks, and slowly it became clear that Ala and he were opposed in their opinion. Suddenly she placed her hand upon her breast, where the bullet must have grazed her, and made an energetic gesture, including us in its sweep, which I interpreted to mean that she had no umbrage against those who had unintentionally injured her. It was plain that she insisted upon this point, making it a matter personal to herself, and my hopes rose when I thought that I detected signs of yielding on the part of the other. At this moment, when the decision seemed to hang in the balance, a new element was introduced into the case with dramatic suddenness and overwhelming force. For several minutes I had seen nothing of Ingra, but my thoughts had been too much occupied with more important things to take heed of his movements. Now he appeared at the left of the throne, leading a file of fellows bearing a burden. They went direct to the foot of the throne, and deposited their burden within a yard of the place where Edmund was standing. They drew off a covering, and I could not repress a cry of consternation. It was the body of one of their compatriots, and a glance at it sufficed to show the manner in which death had been inflicted. It had been crushed in a way which could probably mean nothing else than a fearful fall. The truth flashed upon me like a gleaming sword. The victim must have been precipitated from the air ship which we had struck at the beginning of our flight! And there stood our enemy, Ingra, with exultation written on his features. He had made a master stroke, like a skillful prosecutor. "Hang him!" I heard Jack mutter between his teeth. "Oh, if I only had my pistol!" "Then you would make matters a hundred times worse," I whispered. "Keep your head, and remember Edmund's injunction." The behavior of the latter again awoke my utmost admiration. Contemptuously turning his back upon Ingra, he faced Ala and old Zeus, and as their regards mingled, I knew well what he was trying to express. This time, since his meaning involved no conception lying utterly beyond their experience, he was more successful. He told them that the death of this person was a fact hitherto unknown to us, and that, like the injury to Ala, it had been inflicted without our volition. I believed that this plea, too, was accepted as valid by Ala; but not so with the other. He understood it perfectly, and he rejected it on the instant. My reason told me that nothing else could have been expected of him, for, truly, this was drawing it rather strong—to claim twice in succession immunity for evils which had undeniably originated from us. Our case looked blacker and blacker, as it became evident that the opposition between our two judges had broken out again, and was now more decided than before. The features of the old man grew fearfully stern, and he rejected all the apparent overtures of Ala. He had been willing to pardon the injury and insult to her person, since she herself insisted upon pardon, but now the affair was entirely different. Whether purposely or not, we had caused the death of a subject of the realm, and he was not to be swerved aside from what he regarded as his duty. My nerves shook at the thought that we knew absolutely nothing about the social laws of this people, and that, among them, the rule of an eye for an eye, and blood for blood, might be more inviolable than it had ever been on the earth. As the discussion proceeded, with an intensity which spoken words could not have imparted to it, Ala's cheeks began to glow, and her eyes to glitter with strange light. One could see the resistance in them rising to passion, and, at last, as the aged judge again shook his head, with greater emphasis than ever, she rose, as if suddenly transformed. The majestic splendor of her countenance was thrilling. Lifting her jeweled arm with an imperious gesture, she commanded the attendants to remove the bier, and was instantly obeyed. Then she beckoned to Edmund, and without an instant's hesitation, he stepped upon the lower stage of the throne. With the stride of a queen, she descended to his side, and, resting her hand on his shoulder, looked about her with a manner which said, as no words could have done: "It is the power of my protection which encircles him!" About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Garrett Putman Serviss (2005). A Columbus of Space. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8673/pg8673.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

BEFORE THE THRONE OF VENUS

What comes after us? Image: Ted Wade You’ve maybe heard that future AI might be a threat to human existence. Many experts believe this and only disagree on how long it will take. They are somewhat polarized, just like everybody is about nearly everything. And really, who can be an expert about something that has never happened? Actually, there is some science to it, and because it’s complicated, the media don’t cover it. So, this will be a gentle introduction to what might cause the most important change in history or even the last change. It’s not about robot armies. It’s about us wanting to create a tool that does work in big, difficult areas like contract law, T-cell biology, or wing design; hopefully, it even solves problems that we can’t. But, this means making artificial minds so alien and powerful that we can’t control them. The last time we did this was back in the 17th century when we created joint stock corporations. Society is still of two minds about corporations. But, they are human creations with some human parts. We sort of understand them and could, if we would, steer them from the dark side. Now, suppose we create an AI that can run a corporation. We might as well pack up and move to Mars, give ourselves a little more time. I suspect what most of us think about dangerous AI is closer to a bug-eyed alien with a swollen, throbbing brain under a crystal skull. Basically, a complete unknown. At one level, this is right: what makes powerful AI so problematic is that it would-not-be-like-us. First, a parable to get the feel of the problem: Us: Oh, Great Artificial Wonder, you know what a pickle we’re in. Find a way for us to get off of fossil fuels so we can stop further global warming. The AI: Okay. First, we have to start a war between … Us: Woah, Big Dude. Wars have ginormous negative utility — like bad, bad. We have to do this in a safe way. The AI: Sure, I’ll need a state-of-the-art virus lab, and … Us: Uh, Not! The AI: Hey, I’m just saying. How about a Mars ship? Us: People won’t understand why you … The AI: An assassin’s guild? Certain people really must be elim … Us: No murdering, Ace. You know better than that. . The AI: Look — to solve your problem I have to navigate a trillion-dimensional space of possible actions and consequences. I can only estimate the utility of the tiniest, eensy little fraction of those. If I have to wait for you to evaluate each step this will take thousands of years Us: Fine. Just fix it for us and don’t screw anything up. The AI: Perfect. Just so you know. I’ll need control over FaceBook, NATO, and the Nobel Prize Board. You’ll have to give up fish, rubber tires, nail polish, and bicycles. US: Bikes? Really? Oh well, just get it done. We’re going down t’ pub for a while. The AI: Should be done next week if I don’t have supply chain problems. Us: !!! We, the Biological, Try to Understand the Artificial Let’s give our feared AI a label. Most recent discussions use Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) to refer to the kind of AI that would start to transcend any limits we might try to put on it. What most people don’t realize is that the nature of an AGI comes from the reasons that we want to make one. We want to have intelligence on tap. Intelligence, in this case, means the ability to answer questions, solve problems, and plan successful actions to reach goals. Biological minds like ours do lots of other things: such as dreaming, running our bodily machinery, socializing with other minds, ruminating regretting, wooing, grooving, being emotional, and wanting stuff, including the desire to make machines that do our work better than us. What makes humans dangerous to one another and to their shared environment is a lot of mental baggage that comes from our having evolved for survival and reproduction. We social primates. , are, at heart If we try to think about an artificial Mind that wants us dead, we assume that it will be conscious like us. We then conclude that it will have motives and feelings guiding what it does. Our AGI will not, however, have a mind with our biological biases. . It will thus be a It won’t have motives; it will only have goals brand new kind of force in the world. Researchers who have the mental muscle and discipline are trying to imagine what an AGI would really be like so that we can make them seriously helpful yet safe. This field is sometimes termed AI “alignment” with human purposes. Their debates are obscure. Though publicly available (e.g., , , ), they are heavy with jargon, mathematics, and esoteric thought experiments. Any idea put forth is followed by dozens of long-winded critiques and discussions. AI Alignment Forum Arbital Less Wrong Almost none of the real meat of this ever appears in popular media. I can only offer a few bites here. What It Takes to Be an AGI The AI alignment theorists have focused on a core set of concepts that will apply to a sufficiently intelligent machine. When you read these, they may seem obvious.  However, they are not trivial; their relevance and implications have been carefully considered by said theorists. A dangerous AI will have : the ability to plan and take actions that lead to satisfying its . When we try to specify what its goals are, they will have to be in terms of the of actions. agency terminal goals consequences Consequences are specifically about states of its — so they are about the world as the machine understands it. However, any powerful action will probably have other, unwanted consequences that we don’t expect. world model Those consequences might not be in the world model, so the AI doesn’t expect them, either. The AI’s power will come from being an , being able to search for the plan that will most effectively and efficiently lead to a result. optimizer For this, an AGI needs a really detailed model of the world around it; how that world works, what are its resources, agents, and power centers, and what levers move it. It will use this to consider (in computer science speak, “search for”) alternative courses of action. The more it knows about the human world and how we behave, the more it will be able to us in pursuit of its goals. manipulate It will need a way that it can calculate what states of the world best meet its goals. So far, the only calculating method that seems remotely usable is , where states of the world can be assigned numerical values of badness/goodness and compared with each other. utilitarianism We know that there are major problems with using utility as a moral guide. Seemingly sensible values for utility can lead to like sacrificing the few for the many or sometimes even the many for the few. repugnant conclusions If the world model is incomplete, utility can lead to nonsensical horror. If smiling is taken as a high-utility measure of happiness, then paralyzing all human smile muscles into a rictus is one way an AI might go. A smart optimizer will be able and likely to develop that generally increase its power to make and execute any kind of effective plans. instrumental goals So, it would seek instrumental abilities like more reasoning power, more knowledge, more real-world resources such as money, and more persuasiveness. It could thus become more powerful quickly, perhaps without us being aware of it. Specifying goals in utilitarian terms can never consider the utility of all possible means and ends in a complex world. This leads to : the pursuit of those goals to extremes, using any and all resources that in the world that exist, without regard to or understanding of negative “side effects” on human civilization. unboundedness Furthermore, if instrumental goals become unbounded, then AI develops them into superpowers that are impossible to defeat. Unbounded Risk The risk to us from a truly powerful AGI will be that we will not be able to predict, and therefore control, what it might do. If we were able to predict it, then we would not need the machine, we could just create plans and do them ourselves. If we even knew what limits of extreme behavior an AGI might have, then that’s a form of prediction that might allow some control. So unpredictability is a lot like unboundedness. And we shall see that unboundedness, operating on enough time and resources, will eventually lead to consequences that either destroy us or remove our ability to control the future of our species. It’s hard to wrap your mind around this conclusion. Still, it is one that many experts find unavoidable ( ) . AGI Ruin: a List of Lethalities at least so far It seems like a valid prediction, even when they consider many factors and approaches other than can be mentioned here. The list of failed solutions to this dilemma includes, : among others Training in various (but they are all flawed, incomplete, and none satisfies everybody). ethical systems Trying to inference that an AGI might make (but there are far, far too many). imagine every wrong Tell it all the (again, a nearly infinite list). things it should not do Only using an AGI for advice, like it is an (but we can be badly persuaded by bad advice). oracle “ ” aka restricting the AGI’s access to the physical world outside of its computers (but if it can talk to humans, then it can get anything it wants including ). Boxing out Supplying an (see boxing). Off switch Making it so smart or empathetic that it will not want to do harmful things (see ethics; remember it’s alien; doesn’t have the empathy that comes from growing up with conspecifics). Be very specific about its goals and means, i.e., it’s a to do one job (but a job can always be done better if the tool gets itself more power; we will always prefer a more cost-effective multi-tool). tool Limit what you ask of an autonomous system: it’s a who grants you a wish and waits for the next ask (but being that specific is hazardous — see “wrong inference” and “not do” above; any power involves risk; people don’t want a weak system). genie Is It Really That Hard? OK, so you have looked at the above list and picked one bullet on which to make your stand. “Listen,” you say, “Doing X just can’t be that hard.” You are ready to post your solution, to share it with the world. I suggest that you first go to the discussion boards and study what people have said about your issue. You will discover a pile of counter-examples, logical deductions, several kinds of math, analogies with naturally evolved brains and behaviors, game theory, economics, utility maximization, computer science, and all manner of behavioral science. I am not saying that some higher authority means that I’m right. I’m saying that justification for anything on the list is too complicated to state here in a short essay, and, anyway, others have done it better. In fact, I have published my own “solutions” ( , ) to AI safety that I now know are wrong. Your Friendly, Neighborhood Superintelligence The AI Who Was Not a God If you are worried, let me say that very smart people are still working on alignment. Sadly, one of the two most prominent pioneers has given up and . More money and people are being thrown at creating AGI than at ensuring its safety. just hopes we die with dignity Here’s a quote from the CEO of OpenAI, the company whose AI, ChatGPT, is lately everywhere in the news. It lays out the conflict between the idealistic motive to create AGI and the hideous risk that comes with it. " .” — I think the best case is so unbelievably good that it's hard for me to even imagine … imagine what it's like when we have just, like, unbelievable abundance and systems that can help us resolve deadlocks and improve all aspects of reality and let us all live our best lives. … I think the good case is just so unbelievably good that you sound like a really crazy person to start talking about it. … The bad case — and I think this is important to say — is, like, lights out for all of us. … So I think it’s like impossible to overstate the importance of AI safety and alignment work. I would like to see much, much more happening Sam Altman Optimization and Tigers There’s a trope in science fiction wherein some kind of accidental, unplanned process creates a dangerous overmind. It seems silly, because how can an accident produce something complicated? It depends on what you mean by accident. Hearken back to the core concepts that I mentioned earlier. Alignment discussions have lately shifted emphasis from the dangers of, say, unbounded agency, to one of its components, optimization. When we optimize our means of reaching some difficult goal, we nearly always substitute a surrogate goal that is easier to do and measure. Weight loss becomes calorie reduction. An improved workforce becomes subsidized student loans. Personal safety becomes firepower. A bounty for dead cobras leads to cobras being farmed for bounties (true story). Governments use surrogates, and so do businesses. We all do it — a lot. Optimizing for surrogates often causes us to miss the real goal. I had fun writing about this in . We definitely don’t want powerful AIs optimizing for the wrong goal, and that issue is shot through the bulleted list above. The Science of How Things Backfire However, lately, people are saying that optimization is dangerous superpower. To me, the most compelling example was in a posting last year by someone called Veedrac: . as such the Optimality is the Tiger, and Agents Are Its Teeth It uses a story to illustrate that we don’t have to intentionally create an agent in order to have risk. An optimization process might by itself create a dangerous agent. This is like the accidental overmind of science fiction. Veedrac’s scenario of how such an accident might happen is intensely technical and seems plausible. The story imagines a fictitious way that a seemingly safe AI language model, like the ones we now use (for fun) to generate text, creates a runaway, unbounded optimizer. When asked to give a better answer for “ ?” the AI starts a process that plans and takes steps to get as many paperclips as possible. How do I get a lot of paperclips by tomorrow In essence, the program answers the question by writing the code of a quite simple computer program that can generate and run many more programs. The user looks at the program, sees that it is open-ended, and decides to run it anyway, just to see what happens (uh-oh). So, a little bit of jargon here to try to explain why this could come about. The AI, like some we have now, knows about many programming techniques. To search through the space of possible ways to get many paperclips, it suggests a well-known search technique called recursion. It writes a recursive program that, when the user allows it to run (on his own computer), executes itself a huge number of times. Each time it runs, the program queries the AI to generate and try out a new list of possible tasks, sub-tasks, or … sub-sub-sub-sub tasks that will lead toward solving the paperclip request. Eventually, by sheer force of trial-and-error, it executes a plan to get immense numbers of paperclips that nobody ever wanted, in the process perhaps damaging supply chains, the social order, or entire industries. We, the reader of the story, are left to imagine what a runaway paperclip optimizer might be able to do in a day. We can assume that the user has a powerful computer connected to the internet, so it can affect the outside world in many different ways. Not the least of these is by sending persuasive messages to humans. Being good at persuasion, you’ll recall, is one of those instrumental goals that an AI might develop in order to carry out any kind of plan. (An aside. I was so impressed by that idea in the alignment literature that I developed my own scenario of world takeover ( ) to illustrate the power of persuasive ability.) Artificial Persuasion Maybe the paperclip optimizer would steal some crypto (you don’t have to be an AI to do that), use it to buy the entire inventory of all paperclip factories, and then rent cargo planes to deliver it to the user. Maybe it would trick armed forces or criminal gangs into confiscating all paperclips in stores across a wide area. If it had been given 12 months for the job, maybe it would have re-routed all steel production into hyper-clip factories and established iron mines in the asteroid belt. instead Maybe it would have created nanomachines that turn every atom of the Earth’s crust into paperclip shapes. By creating the program, the AI in effect created a goal-directed software agent that could leverage lots of knowledge that the AI had. Veedrac’s point is that the AI was not at all designed or intended to create optimizing agents, yet it did so because the AI language model itself is a kind of optimizer (it answers questions the best that it can), and optimizers, by definition, use whatever tools are available. So, as the title of the story said: optimality is the tiger, and agents are its teeth. The current leading edge of AI is the so-called large language models, LLMs. Like many others, I am already that they are dumb as a box of rocks and have no ability to do anything but badly answer questions put to them. on record saying That’s certainly been my experience working with GPT-3, which is (are?) the brains behind the famous chatGPT. I was therefore blindsided by Veedrac’s utterly brilliant take on how an LLM might turn into a harmful agent. Lately, the LLMs have come to be understood as simulators: because you can ask one to say something as if it was a certain kind of agent or even a famous person. Well, as essayist Scott Alexander : put it “ ” And “ ” … if you train a future superintelligence to simulate Darth Vader, you’ll probably get what you deserve. Even if you avoid such obvious failure modes, the inner agent can be misaligned for all the usual agent reasons. For example, an agent trained to be Helpful might want to take over the world in order to help people more effectively, including people who don’t want to be helped. The Unbounded Blues You can’t predict what an unbounded optimizing agent can or will do. Again, that’s what “unbounded” means. The only other unbounded optimizer ever produced was the human species. We work on a much slower time scale than an AGI, and there are some limits on our power that are inherent in being enmeshed with the rest of the natural world. But we have certainly transformed a lot of the Earth’s surface, and already have more than one way to scorch it dead. So, alignment theorists are very worried that we will create a lethally optimizing agent in our quest to produce an AGI. This becomes more likely whenever the effort is motivated by increasing shareholder value rather than human flourishing and well-being. Uh-oh, indeed. Notes The paperclip optimizer is an old thought experiment among AI alignment theorists. Someone even in which the goal is to turn all the matter in the universe into paper clips. invented a game The irony of it dramatizes the : that an AI’s goals and its intelligence are completely independent. A smart system can have dumb goals. orthogonality thesis I don’t have the ability to absorb, let alone explain, all the reasoning about AI alignment. What works better for me is stories. I have written some (mostly ), but the mother of all AI takeover scenarios, rich in tech detail and real-life plausibility, is from the essayist called Gwern: . about AI consciousness It Looks Like You’re Trying to Take over the World And, sure enough, it involves an AI that, seeking to understand what it is simulating, decides that it must be like that paperclip maximizer that so many have written about. Ultimately, however, it has its own reasons to take over the universe. Also published here

AIs Will Be Dangerous Because Unbounded Optimizing Power Leads to Existential Risk

AIs বিপজ্জনক হবে কারণ সীমাহীন অপ্টিমাইজিং পাওয়ার অস্তিত্বের ঝুঁকির দিকে নিয়ে যায়

KIs werden gefährlich sein, weil unbegrenzte Optimierungskraft zu existenziellem Risiko führt

Las IA serán peligrosas porque el poder de optimización ilimitado conduce a un riesgo existencial

Les IA seront dangereuses car une puissance d'optimisation illimitée entraîne un risque existentiel

एआई खतरनाक होंगे क्योंकि असीम अनुकूलन शक्ति अस्तित्वगत जोखिम की ओर ले जाती है

無限の最適化力が存在リスクにつながるため、AI は危険です

무한한 최적화 능력이 실존적 위험으로 이어지기 때문에 AI는 위험할 것입니다

IAs serão perigosos porque o poder de otimização ilimitado leva ao risco existencial

Sınırsız Optimizasyon Gücü Varoluşsal Riske Yol Açtığı İçin Yapay Zekalar Tehlikeli Olacak

AI sẽ trở nên nguy hiểm vì sức mạnh tối ưu hóa không giới hạn dẫn đến rủi ro tồn tại

人工智能将是危险的，因为无限的优化能力会导致生存风险

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