11za

Command: $ cat rearrange1.py Code output: #!/usr/bin/env python3

import re

def rearrange_name(name):

    result = re.search(r"^([\w .]*), ([\w .]*)$", name)

    if result == None:

        return name

    return "{} {}".format(result[2], result[1]) Command: $ cat rearrange2.py Code output: #!/usr/bin/env python3

import re

def rearrange_name(name):

    result = re.search(r"^([\w .-]*), ([\w .-]*)$", name)

    if result == None:

        return name


    return "{} {}".format(result[2], result[1]) Command: $ diff rearrange1.py rearrange2.py Code output: 6c6

<     result = re.search(r"^([\w .]*), ([\w .]*)$", name)

---

>     result = re.search(r"^([\w .-]*), ([\w .-]*)$", name) Command: $ diff validations1.py validations2.py Code output: 5c5,6

<	assert (type(username) == str), "username must be a string"

--

>	if type(username) != str: 

> 	    raise TypeError("username must be a string")

11a13,15

>	    return False

>	# Usernames can't begin with a number

>	if username[0].isnumeric(): Command: $ diff -u validations1.py validations2.py Code output: --- validations1.py	2019-06-06 14:28:49.639209499 +0200

+++ validations2.py	2019-06-06 14:30:48.019360890 +0200

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@

 

 

 def validate_user(username, minlen):

-    assert type(username) == str, "username must be a string"

+    if type(username) != str:

+        raise TypeError("username must be a string")

     if minlen < 1:

         raise ValueError("minlen must be at least 1")

     

@@ -10,5 +11,8 @@

         return False

     if not username.isalnum():

         return False

+    # Usernames can't begin with a number

+    if username[0].isnumeric():

+        return False

     return True

Git Guide 0: How to Diff Files

Building a (simple) Blog with Rust

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION—THE OERLIKON WORKS. here ELECTRIC LIGHTING AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION—THE OERLIKON WORKS. Immediately on entering the Machinery Hall by the leading from the central dome, and occupying a prominent position at the commencement of the Swiss section, is a very important plant of dynamos, motors, and steam engines, put down by the Oerlikon Works, of Zurich. During the time the machinery is kept running in the hall, power is supplied electrically to drive the whole of the main shafting in the Swiss section and part of that in the Belgian section, amounting in all to some 200 ft., a large number of machines of various industries deriving their power from these lines of shafting, while during the evening a portion of the upper and lower galleries adjoining this section is lit by some twenty-five arc lamps run from this exhibit. Steam is supplied from the Roser boilers in the motive power court. The whole of the generating plant is illustrated in one view, and a separate view is given of the motor employed to drive the main shafting, this latter view showing the details of connection to the same. On the extreme right hand side of the first view is a direct coupled engine and dynamo of 20 horse power, a separate cut of which is given in Fig. 3. The engine is of the vertical single cylinder type, standing 5 ft. high, and fitted, as are the other two engines exhibited, with centrifugal governor gear on the fly wheel, acting directly on the throw of the cutoff valve eccentric. The two standards, supporting the cylinder and forming the guide bars, together with the entire field magnets and pole pieces of the dynamo, and the bed plate common to both, are cast in one piece. galerie The winding is compound, and in such a direction that the two opposite horizontal poles have the same polarity; it follows from this that there will be two consequent poles in the iron, these being opposite in name to the horizontal poles and at right angles to them, viz., above and below the armature. Opposite sections of the commutator are connected together internally as in most four-pole machines, so that only two brushes are necessary, at 90 deg. apart. The section of iron in the field is 60 square inches and rectangular in form, and the whole machine measures 4 ft. 3 in. in length, and 2 ft. in height, without including the height of the bed plate. The armature is 17 in. in length and the same in diameter, measured over the winding, and develops at the machine terminals 70 volts and 200 amperes at 480 revolutions. The moving parts of the engine are well balanced, and run remarkably well and without noise at this high rate of speed. This dynamo serves to develop power to run a motor in an adjoining inclosure, containing some fine specimens of lathes and machine tools constructed by the Oerlikon Works. These are driven by the motor through the medium of a countershaft, and the power and speed are controlled from the switch board seen at the left of the exhibit, and in Fig. 11. The resistance, R1, serves to vary the intensity of the shunt field of the dynamo, the volts being indicated by the voltmeter V1, and a resistance separate from the switch board is inserted in the main circuit of the two machines. The ammeter, A2, is directly connected to the dynamo, and therefore indicates the current, whatever circuit this machine is running. A larger combined engine and dynamo, seen in the center of the stand, serves to run the lighting of the galleries. The engine is a 60 horse power compound, running at 350 revolutions, and fitted with a governor on the fly wheel, like that described above. The dynamo is a two-pole machine, the upper pole and yoke being cast in one, and the lower pole, yoke, and combined bed plate forming a separate casting. The two vertical cores, over which the field bobbins are slipped, are of wrought iron, and are turned with a shoulder at either end, the yokes being recessed to fit them exactly. The cores are then bolted to the yokes vertically from the top and horizontally below. The field of this machine is shunt-wound, and in order to maintain the potential constant a hand-regulated resistance—R2 on the switch board—is added in circuit with the shunt field. The voltmeter, V2, immediately above this resistance, serves to indicate the difference of potential at the machine terminals. Both voltmeters are fitted with keys, so that they are only put in circuit when the readings are taken. The main terminals of this machine are fitted on substantial insulating bases, fixed one at each end of the top yoke. These connect to the external circuit by a heavy cable—the machine being capable of developing 500 amperes—and to the shunt circuit, and regulating resistance by small wires; while the two connections to the brushes are by four covered wires in parallel on each side. This mode of connection is more flexible than a short length of heavy cable, and looks well, the wires being held neatly together by vulcanized fiber bridges. The dynamo is a low tension machine, the field being regulated to give 65 volts when running the lamp circuits. The illustration, Fig. 10, represents the automatic re-regulator—C.E.L. Brown's patent. Motion is imparted to the cores of two electro-magnets at the ends by the pulleys, W W1. The cores have a projection opposite to the spindle, , which latter is screw-threaded. By a relay one or other electro-magnet is put in action, and the rotating core, which is magnetized, causes rotation of the spindle by attraction, resulting in the movement of the contact along the resistance stops. The relay is acted upon directly by the potential of the dynamo, and the variable resistance is included in the shunt field of the machine, so that changes in the potential, resulting from changes in load or speed, are compensated for. a b The arrangements of the lamp circuits and the lamp itself may now be described. The lamps are all run in parallel circuit, but are divided into groups of five, each group being controlled by a separate switch on the board—Figs. 11 and 11a. These switches are not in direct communication with the dynamo, but make that connection through a large central switch, S2, which therefore carries the whole current. The returns from each group are brought to the connections seen between the two resistances, where the circuits may be disconnected if desired, and the main current then passes through the ammeter, A3, to the other terminal of the machine. One of the smaller switches at the top, Fig. 11a, is directly connected with one terminal of the 20 horse power dynamo before mentioned, and the other side of the switch to the motor in the machine tool exhibit. Also one of the switches in connection with the central switch, S2, is connected to the same motor, and therefore the latter may be run by either machine, or, in fact, any combination of machines, lamps, and motor be made as required. The form of switch made by the Oerlikon Works is illustrated in Fig. 7. Two thick semicircular bands of copper are screwed at one end to opposite sides of a square block which is turned round by the switch handle. The block has a projection at each corner, and two strong, flat, stationary springs are attached to the framework of the switch and press on opposite sides of the block. The ends of the springs engage in the projections and prevent the switch being turned round the wrong way, while the pressure of the springs on opposite sides forces the copper bands to take up a position exactly in line with the terminal contacts when the switch is closed, or at right angles to them when it is opened. Further, each lamp has its own separate adjustable resistance, fuse, and switch. These are of special construction, combined in one, and are illustrated in Figs. 4 and 4a; the other figures, 4b and 4c, showing some of the details of the same. The wires, W W, lead from and to one lamp. The current enters at one wire, passes through the fuse, —Figs. 4c and 4a—down the center of the cylinder to a divided contact, into which a switch arm can be shot. When this is so, a connection is made to the upright brass rod, T, which serves to grip the band, R, passing round the body of the cylinder. The current then passes through all the turns of wire above the band, and out at the other terminal. The resistance can be varied by raising or lowering the band. Fig. 4b shows the manner of tightening the band against the wires on the cylinder. The upright rod, T, is seen in section, and is fixed in one position to the frame of the apparatus. Abutting against this, and working in the block to which the two ends of the band are screwed, is a thumb screw, S, by turning which the band may be loosened for adjusting, and tightened when the right position is found. The cylinder is covered with asbestos sheet, and the wire, which is of nickel, and measures altogether from 3 to 4 ohms, is wound helically round this. The switch arm, to which the handle is attached below, does not itself make and break the circuit, but carries a spring, as shown, which, when the arm is at the end of its movement, pulls over the contact lever with a rapid action, shooting the same between the divided contact piece, and making a perfect contact. The switchboard forms one side of a closed wooden case or cupboard, with sufficient room for a man to enter and adjust the resistances or switches for each lamp. These are screwed to the inside of the case in rows, to the number of twenty-five. The greatest care has been taken in the fixing of the connections to the inside of this case, and no leading wires of different potential are allowed to cross each other. f The Oerlikon lamp, which is designed to work with constant potential, is shown partly in section in Fig. 8. There is only one solenoid, A, through which all the current passes, and whose action is to strike the arc and maintain the current constant. The soft iron core, C, is suspended from the inside of the tube, T, in which it has an up and down movement checked by an air piston in the tube. An end elevation of the brake wheels and solenoid is given in Fig. 9, where it will be seen that the spindle carrying these wheels also carries between them a pinion engaging with the rack rod, R. The top carbon attached to the rack rod falls by its own weight, and is therefore in contact with the lower carbon before the lamp is switched in circuit. When this is done the core is instantly magnetized, and attracted to the soft iron brake wheels, which it holds firmly. The air cushion in the tube prevents the core being drawn up until it has fairly gripped the sides of the wheels. The subsequent raising of the core therefore turns the wheels, raises the rack rod, and strikes the arc. The feed is operated by the weakening of the magnetic field of the coil, which causes the core to lose its grip of the wheels, and allows the top carbon to descend. The catch, L, Fig. 8, has a lateral play, and serves to engage in the teeth of the rack rod, so as to prevent its falling when being trimmed. Each carbon when in position is held against two rectangular guide bars by the pressure of a wire spring—see figure. In this way the carbon is pressed against two parallel knife edges, and is therefore always in true alignment. The action of the lamp is very simple, the working parts are few and solidly constructed, and the regulation, as exhibited by the lamps running in the galleries, is exceptionally steady. The transmission of power plant consists of two 250 horse power dynamos—C.E.L. Brown's patent—the generator being driven by a vertical compound condensing engine of the same power, running at 180 revolutions. The dynamo generator is a four-pole 600 volt direct current machine, series wound, and may be distinguished in the engraving next to the switch board; while the motor receiver connected to it, and erected in another portion of the Swiss section, is of exactly the same size and type. The field, which is hexagonal in shape, is cast in two pieces, bolted together horizontally, the cross-sectional area of iron being 170 square inches. The armature is cylindrical, and built up of flat rings stamped out of soft sheet iron, eight notches in the same being provided to fit over the arms of the spider keyed to the shaft. The spider is in halves, which are bolted together longitudinally after the rings are in position. It is Gramme wound, and measures over the winding 7 in. radial depth, 37 in. outside diameter, and 22 in. in length. The current is collected by four brushes. The fitting and mechanical build of the dynamos leaves nothing to be desired. All the working parts of the dynamos and engines are turned up to gauge and template, so as to be interchangeable. As an instance of this, the armature of the generator was built in the works, while the field magnets were being erected in the exhibition, and, on arrival, fitted in position perfectly, and ran at once without trouble. The energy taken off on the motor shaft is close on 200 horse power, but varies according to the machines at work; the speed of the motor does not, however, vary more than 3 per cent., and the brushes need no adjustment. About 6 ft. of shafting is coupled on in line with the motor shaft, and an extra plummer block fixed at the end. This shafting carries at its extremity an additional 2 ft. pulley, the power being delivered by belting from these pulleys to two large pulleys on the main shaft. The machines run by this transmission consist of the looms of Rieter & Co., of Winterthur; the large flour mill and lift of A. Millot & Co.; the flour milling machinery of Frederick Wegmann & Co., of Zurich; the brick and tile making machines of the Rorschach foundries; and the looms of Messrs. Houget & Teston, of Verviers, in the Belgian section. A 15 horse power two-pole Oerlikon dynamo is also run by a belt from the main shaft, and generates power to drive a motor of similar type in the Swiss section of the upper gallery. This runs a length of countershafting supplying power to three silk-weaving machines constructed by Benninger Frères; six weaving machines from the Ruti works, near Zurich; and one knitting machine exhibited by Edward Dubied & Co., of Couvet. The dynamo and motor are connected to the main cable by switches of the type shown in Fig. 5. These are specially designed to destroy the extra current on breaking circuit by the formation of an arc which gradually increases the resistance till the break occurs, rendering it less sudden. One wire passes through the handle and makes contact with the springs, and the other is attached to the clamp in which the carbon rod is held. The current is made to enter at the carbon rod, so that the arcs formed cause consumption of the carbon. A magnetic cut-out—Fig. 6—is also provided to each machine; this consists of an electro-magnet, through which the main current passes, provided with side pole pieces. A flat soft iron plate armature is hinged so as to come up against the pole pieces when attracted. When the current is not sufficiently strong to cause the plate to be attracted, a hole in the center of the latter engages over a small projection in the top of a weighted arm hinged in the center of the board, and keeps it upright. If now the current exceeds the limits of safety to the machine, due to a too heavy load being thrown on, the armature is attracted and releases the vertical arm, which falls over and enters with considerable force between the two spring contacts below. These contacts are connected to the field terminals, which are, therefore, short-circuited, and prevent the dynamo generating any current. A retractile spring can be adjusted to cause cut-off at any required current. These details are indicated in our illustrations mounted on their respective switch boards. Since the erection of plant by these works at Solothurn for transmitting 50 horse power five miles distant, which attracted so much interest some time ago, several important works have been carried out. Among these we may mention a 280 horse power transmission at 1½ kilom. distance to a cotton mill at Derendingen in Switzerland, a 250 horse power transmission at ½ kilom. distance, carried out for Gaetano Rossi at Piovene in Italy, and a 300 horse transmission at 6 kilom. distance installed for Giovanni Rossi, in which the power is given off at two different stations.— The Engineer. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/16972/pg16972-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

ELECTRIC LIGHTING AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION—THE OERLIKON WORKS

THE SONG OF THE MOTH

Feature Image: Zuck announcing Threads’ several first milestones on Threads itself As of 2:15pm Indochina Time on Friday July 7, Threads, the Instagram’s “Twitter-killer” app, has passed 60 Million downloads. I signed up & connected one of my secondary Instagram accounts to it just now to confirm, and that account was user # 60,614,427. In comparison, when I set up t at around 11am ICT Thursday July 6, about 5 hours after it officially launched in Asia, we were user #6,519,297. Our number would have been a bit lower if we were still in the US, the first region to roll out Threads. Zuck, of course, was . That means, in just over 48 hours since launch, the app had passed 60 Million users, officially crowning it the fastest app that reached this milestone. The fastest growing app in recent consciousness that was able to do something even close to it, was , which amassed . the official HackerNoon Threads accoun user #1 ChatGPT 1M users within a week post launch There will be more stories on HackerNoon about Threads soon, but I want to jot down a few thoughts on this high growth app, while it’s still new(ish). Twitter sucks (bad) right now; and people have been desperate for an alternative since Musk’s reign Twitter wasn’t perfect pre Elon Musk, but it wasn’t . The latest straw that broke the camel’s back for many people was Musk’s erratic decision to . Specifically, he rate limits the number of tweets not just for regular users to 600 tweets/day; but also for paid users (who pay Musk $8/month to get a verified checkmark next to their name) to 6000 tweets/day. His rationale was that this rate limit but I think it’s much simpler than that: he needs the money. “Free speech”, but only if you give me $8/month. Among Musk’s many terrible decisions that make Twitter the hellscape it is today, we have: the disaster it is today limit access to all Twitter & non Twitter users alike prevents AI companies from scraping Twitter data; Firing close to 75% of its staff (in multiple waves) in a largely undignified, cold-hearted manner Making the site unstable, largely unmoderated, and buggy, possibly due to the firing of many key staff with institutional knowledge Not paying many employees whom he let go, including In April of this year, they ex CEO Parag Agrawal, ex CLO Vijaya Gadde, and ex CFO Ned Segal. filed a joint lawsuit against him Scaring off enough advertisers due to the (in the name of free speech) that advertising revenue is reportedly unmoderated nature of Twitter 2.0 content down at least 59% Not making enough money on , after the disastrous first launch attempt that generated so many scams and impersonation attempts, . Since , it reportedly made under $50 Million. Together with advertising hovering around $1,8 Billion, . Twitter Blue subscription costing valuable advertisers & brands real money the relaunch Twitter’s YoY revenue post Elon is down 40%, from around $5 Billion pre-Elon Oh yes, . He was forced into it because he made a bad calculation . A “0 % interest rate” phenomenon you might say. . he wasn’t even going to buy the site in the first place overvaluing his Tesla stock $44 Billion USD isn’t cheap, even for the richest man on earth Reading stories about Musk’s handling of Twitter felt alarmingly similar to reading stories about the Trump’s presidency. Scandals after scandals. Bad decisions followed by worse decisions. It was anxiety and fatigue-inducing. So, naturally, people have been looking for a viable alternative ever since Elon Musk took over Twitter. But no platform ( , , , to name a few) was able to achieve mass adoption, until… Mastodon BlueSky Cohost Threads is not run by Elon Musk Look, I get it, a Twitter alternative from Zuck ( with of his own) sounds a little lame. It’s not due to just that, all of Zuck’s fraud history with European regulators. BUT. The bar is so low right now. And love him or hate him, Zuck WHILE AND . Simply put, the bar for people to like a social media app in 2023 is just, “not run by Elon Musk.” That’s why some people rekindled their hope for Twitter after learning that its new CEO will be , who is very respected in the advertising industry. Others go to great length to set up a server for their Mastodon instance (I haven’t). another billionaire multiple baggages even available in the EU right now knows how to run social media firing a lot of his staff not scaring over half of his advertisers Linda Yakarino Lately, Zuck has been entertaining the idea of challenging Musk in (lol). I think that was the first time since Cambridge Analytica that a meaningfully larger number of people might actually root for Zuck instead of Musk. It does take a worse billionaire like Musk to make Zuck look civil and worth rooting for. a cage fight The Metaverse is still a long shot Zuck, too, was fueled by desperation. made it clear that gone are the days of Instagram’s purchase (imho, Zuck’s best acquisition to date). With intesifying regulators’ scrutiny from all sides, it seems that he’s no longer allowed to gain monopoly on social media by simply buying up competitions. . He needed to hedge new bets, considering Facebook growth was severely capped, with no end in sight. The UK’s decision to block Meta’s acquisition of Giphy The UK specifically cited the fact that Meta already controlled over 50% of the advertising market in the UK as the reason to block Giphy acquisition In October 2021, Zuck announced the relaunch of Facebook as Meta (our parody ), . Ever since, he has burned billion of dollars into this pipedream ( , $10 billions in 2022, and planning to be about $100 billions over the next couple of years). here announcing that Facebook Instagram, and Whatsapp, are just products belonging to the parent company Meta reportedly Unfortunately, the Metaverse had not yet to pan out the way he hoped. . People’s avatars look awkward, cartoonish, and limited, nothing like the person they attempted to represent (see some ). The remains quite niched and largely unfriendly to the general public. Unlike the cash counter that is advertising money from Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp, Zuck’s Metaverse vision seemed to be quite far-off, and not exactly what the people want, or need, right now. At some point, none of the people in there had legs here Oculus Quest To add salt to the wound, earlier this year, Apple announced that it will . Expensive though it seemed, this move by Apple might effectively one-up and undercut Meta’s market share into AR/VR. And of course, the growth of generative AI, most notably with chat GPT, has very little to do with Zuck’s metaverse pipe dream. launch the Apple Vision Pro Threads is shamelessly Twitter-like, and the people running it are the first to admit it If you are one of the that are reportedly active on Instagram in 2023, signing up for threads literally takes 3 seconds, as you can sign in with your existing Instagram handle. Once there, you have the option to import your Instagram bio, profile picture, and link. You also have the option to follow anyone whom you already followed on Instagram, even before they join Threads. That way, once they do join, you would already be one of their followers. A “pre-follow” if you will. 1,4 billions users From there, it’s basically Twitter, without the baggage and all the added features. Adam Moserri, , and multiple public threads on , accredits Twitter for pioneering the “reply format”, which gives the same design treatment for comment as it does for the original post, creating a natural "public conversation”. This is vastly different than commenting on Youtube, Facebook, or Instagram, which gets a “second tiered” design treatment. in an interview his own account The things Threads does have: 500 character limit for each post Ability to retweet (called “repost”), and quote tweet (called “quote”) Ability to comment/reply A like counter, and a reply counter (both can be hidden) Search for users’ handle Way to go back and forth seamlessly between Threads and Instagram. My favorite is the “add to story” button that shares Tweet in a beautiful pre-designed manner As mentioned above, ability to bring most of your Instagram followers with you And of course, a lot of users already, since it’s basically Instagram but “not Twitter” Twitter The things it doesn’t have (I shared these in my first threads ): here A personalized or even just chronological newsfeed that surface only the people you follow An inbox (post all on main, i guess, lol) Ability to switch between multiple accounts Ability to search for anything else that’s not a handle Elon Musk =)) The weird quirks: Threads algorithm seems very random and buggy right now. I was reading an interesting thread, and the feed just refreshes itself. Since I cannot search and don’t remember the handle, that content is now gone forever from my feed. Annoying buzzing and endless notifications as default for some users Owned by . Meta In general, I don’t think it’s perfect, but I already like and use it way more than Twitter. And I assume a non-trivial percentage of Instagram avid userbase will feel the same. Threads might save Zuck. But it’s too early to tell. (or, in Musk’s word, “ ”). We’ll see how the case go. But at first glance, this is one of the clearest signs of Musk feeling threatened by this app in a real way that he never did with Mastodon or BlueSky (cofounded by Jack Dorsey, who remains a Twitter/X Corp ). Twitter Lawyer Alex Spiro already threatened to sue Zuck over stealing its “trade secrets” cheating is not okay shareholder But the true test will be users’ retention, and eventually monetization. In both Zuck’s and Monserri’s public statements, they emphasized the word “friendly”, implying their strong focus & commitment on content moderation. They also claimed that the platform is “decentralized,” as it will implement a protocol called ActivityPub. This means, users of Mastodon could potentially migrate back & forth between the two platforms, as well as users of any other platform that implements ActivityPub. It definitely is a smart move for optic. But given the history of Facebook/Meta’s handling of users’s data, I don’t think it will win over enough users for whom decentralization and privacy are their top concerns. The app will probably pass 100M users any day now. But a large percentage of the userbase will probably leave after the initial honeymoon period. What they do then, how careful they are with users data & integration (under extreme scrutiny from both regulators and reporters), what features they will add or kill, and most importantly, what users will they be able to convert to long term users, will determine the future of this app, and by extension, the legacy of Zuck. For now, I know that I have nothing to lose by posting on Threads directly to my Instagram stories, as I’m already too addicted to Instagram.

Threads might be Zuck's smartest business move since Instagram

থ্রেডগুলি ইনস্টাগ্রামের পর থেকে জুকের সবচেয়ে স্মার্ট ব্যবসায়িক পদক্ষেপ হতে পারে

Threads könnten Zucks intelligentester Geschäftsschritt seit Instagram sein

Threads podría ser el movimiento comercial más inteligente de Zuck desde Instagram

Les discussions pourraient être la décision commerciale la plus intelligente de Zuck depuis Instagram

इंस्टाग्राम के बाद थ्रेड्स ज़ुक का सबसे स्मार्ट बिजनेस कदम हो सकता है

スレッドは、インスタグラム以来のザックの最も賢明なビジネスの動きかもしれない

스레드는 Instagram 이후 Zuck의 가장 현명한 비즈니스 움직임일 수 있습니다.

Tópicos podem ser a jogada de negócios mais inteligente de Zuck desde o Instagram

Threads, Zuck'ın Instagram'dan bu yana yaptığı en akıllı iş hamlesi olabilir

Chủ đề có thể là động thái kinh doanh thông minh nhất của Zuck kể từ Instagram

Threads 可能是扎克自 Instagram 以来最明智的商业举措

Architectural Designs

The Earth's Beginning by Robert S. Ball is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE HISTORY OF THE SUN CHAPTER VII. THE HISTORY OF THE SUN The Inconstant Sun—Representation of the Solar System at different Epochs—Primæval Density of the Sun—Illustration of Gas in Extreme Tenuity—Physical State of the Sun at that Period—The Sun was then a Nebula. We pointed out in the last chapter how, in consequence of its perennial loss of heat, the orb of day must be undergoing a gradual diminution in size. In the present chapter we are to set down the remarkable conclusions with respect to the early history of the sun to which we have been conducted by pursuing to its legitimate consequences the shrinkage which the sun had undergone in times past. The outer circle in Fig. represents the track in which our earth now revolves around the sun, and we are to understand that the radius of this circle is about ninety-three million miles. We must imagine that the innermost of the four circles represents the position of the sun. Along its track the earth revolves year after year; so it has revolved for centuries, so it has revolved since the days of the first monarch that ever held sway in Britain, so it has revolved during all the time over which history extends, so it has doubtless revolved for illimitable periods anterior to history. For an interval of time that no one presumes to define with any accuracy the earth has revolved in the same track round that sun in heaven which, during all those ages, has dispensed its benefits of light and heat for the sustenance of life on our globe. 19 Fig. 19.—To Illustrate the History of the Sun. Present orbit of Earth. Sun in times very much earlier still. Sun in very early times. Present Sun. The sun appears constant during those few years in which man is allowed to strut his little hour. The size of the sun and the lustre of the sun has not appreciably altered. But the sun does not always remain the same. It has not always shone with the brightness and vigour with which it shines now; it will not continue for ever to dispense its benefits with the same liberality that it does at present. The sun is always in a state of change. It 114would not indeed be correct to refer to these changes as growths, in the same sense in which we speak of the growth in a tree. Decade after decade the tree waxes greater; but the sun, as we have already explained, does not increase with the time, for the change indeed lies the other way. It may well be that in this present era the sun is near its prime, in so far as its capacity to radiate warmth and brightness is concerned. It is, however, certain that the sun is not now so large as it was in ancient days. The diminution of the orb is still in progress. In these present days of its glorious splendour the orb of day is much larger than it will be in that gloomy old age which destiny assigns to it. We have already shown how to give numerical precision to our facts. We have stated that the sun’s diameter is diminishing at the rate of one mile every eleven years. We have dwelt upon the remarkable significance of that shrinkage in accounting for the sustentation of the sun’s heat. We have now to call on this perennial diminution of the sun’s diameter to provide some information as to the early history of our luminary. The innermost circle in our sketch is to suggest the sun as it is at present. Millions of years ago the orb of day was as large as I have indicated it by the circle with the words “sun in very early times.” It will, of course, be understood that we do not make any claim to precise representation of the magnitude of the orb. At a period much earlier still, the sun must have been larger still, and we venture so to depict it. We know the rate at which the sun is now contracting, and doubtless this rate has continued sensibly unaltered during thousands of years, and indeed we might say scores of thousands of years. But it would not be at all safe to 115assume that the annual rate of change in the sun’s radius has remained the same throughout excessively remote periods in its evolutionary history. What we do affirm is, that in the course of its evolution the sun must have been contracting continually, and we have been able to learn the particular rate of contraction characteristic of the present time. But though we are ignorant of the rate of contraction at very early epochs, yet the sun ever looms larger and larger in days earlier and still earlier. But in those early days the sun was not heavier, was not, indeed, quite so heavy as it is at present. For we remember that the sun is perennially adding thousands of tons to its bulk by the influx of meteors. Perhaps we ought to add that the gain of mass from the meteors may be to some extent compensated by the loss of substance which the sun not infrequently experiences if, as is sometimes supposed, it expels in some violent convulsion a mass of material which takes the form of a comet (Fig. ). 21 Let us now consider what the density of the sun must have been in those primæval days, say, for example, when the luminary had ten times the volume that it has at present. Even now, as already stated, it does not weigh half as much again as a globe of water of the same size, so that when it was ten times as big its density must have been only a small fraction of that of water. But we may take a stage still earlier. Let us think of a time—it was, perhaps, many scores of millions of years ago—when the sun was a thousand times as big as it is at present. The same quantity of matter which now constitutes the sun was then expanded over a volume a thousand times greater. A remarkable conclusion follows from this consideration. The air that we breathe has a density which is about the seven-hundredth 116part of that of water. Hence we see that at the time when the materials of the sun were expanded into a volume a thousand times as great as it is at present the density of the luminary must have been about equal to that of ordinary air. We refer, of course, in such statements to the average density of the sun. It will be remembered that the density of the sun cannot be uniform. The mutual attractions and pressures of the particles in the interior must make the density greater the nearer we approach to the centre. We must push our argument further still. We have ascertained that the primæval sun could not have been a dense solid body like a ball of metal. It must have been more nearly represented by a ball of gas. There was a time when that collection of matter which now constitutes the sun was so big that a balloon of equal size, filled at ordinary pressure with the lightest of known gases, would contain within it a heavier weight than the sun. At this early period the sun must have been as light as an equal volume of hydrogen. The reasoning which has conducted us to this point remains still unimpaired. From that early period we may therefore look back to periods earlier still. We see that the sun must have been ever larger and larger, for the same quantity of material must have been ever more and more diffused. There was a time when the mean density of the sun must have been far less than that of the gas in any balloon. We must not pause to consider intermediate stages. We shall look back at once to an excessively early period when the sun—or perhaps we ought rather to say the matter which in a more 117condensed form now constitutes the sun—was expanded throughout the volume of a globe whose radius was as great as the present distance from the sun to the earth. Have we not here truly an astonishing result, deduced as a necessary consequence from the fundamental laws of heat? Fig. 20.—The Solar Corona (January 1st, 1899). (Photographed during Eclipse by Professor W. H. Pickering.) I need hardly say that the sun at that early date did not at all resemble the glorious orb to which we owe our very existence. The primæval sun must have been a totally different object, as we can easily imagine if we try to think that the sun’s materials then filled a volume twelve million times as great as they occupy at present. Instead of comparing such an object with the gases in our ordinary atmosphere, it should rather be likened to the residue left in an exhausted receiver after the resources of chemistry have been taxed to make as near an approach as possible to a perfect vacuum. We can give a familiar illustration of gas in a state of extreme tenuity. Look at the beautiful incandescent light with which in these days our buildings are illuminated. How brilliantly those little globes shine! The globe has to be most carefully sealed against the outside air. If there were the smallest opportunity for access, the air from outside would rush in and the lamp would be destroyed. In the preparation of such a lamp elaborate precautions have to be taken to secure that the exhaustion of the air from the little globe shall be as nearly perfect as possible. Of course it is impossible to remove all the air. No known processes can produce a perfect vacuum. Some traces of gas would remain after the air-pump had been applied even for hours. We must now imagine a globe, not merely two inches in diameter like one of these little lamps, but a globe 186,000,000 miles in diameter, a globe so large that the earth’s orbit would just form a girdle round it. Even if this globe had been exhausted, so that its density was only the twelve-thousandth part of the ordinary atmospheric density, it would still contain more material than is found in the sun in heaven. Thus our reasoning has conducted us to the notion of an epoch when the sun—or rather I should say the matter composing the sun—formed something totally different from the orb which we know so well. The matter in that very diffuse state would not dispense light and heat as a sun in the sense in which we understand the word. However vast might be the store of energy which it contained—a store indeed thousands of times greater than our present sun possesses—yet it would hardly be possessed of the power of effective radiation. It would assuredly not be able to warm and light a world associated with it, in the same way as the sun now provides so gloriously for our wants and comfort. Fig. 21.—The Great Comet of 1882. (Photographed on November 7th, 1882, by Sir David Gill, K.C.B.) But it is certain that in those early days there was no earth to be warmed and lighted. Our globe, even if it can be said to have existed at all, was truly “without form and void.” At the time when the sun was swollen into a great globe of gas or rarefied matter, the elementary substances which were to form the future earth were in a condition utterly different from that of our present globe. The history of this earth itself involves another chapter of the argument. Let it suffice to notice, for the present, that our reasoning has led us to a time when the sun consisted only of a rarefied gaseous material, and let us give to the matter in this condition the name which astronomers apply to any object of a similar character wherever they may meet with it in the universe. Suppose that we could observe through our telescopes at the present moment an object in remote space which was like what the sun must have been at that early stage of its existence which we have been considering, I do not think that the object would be unfamiliar to astronomers. There is, indeed, no doubt that there are many objects visible at this moment, and nightly studied in our observatories, which are formed of matter just in the same state as the sun was in those early times. Examined with a good telescope, the object would seem like a small stain of light on the black background of the sky. The observer would at once call it a nebula. In these modern days he would probably apply the spectroscope to it, and this instrument would assure him that the object he was looking at was a mass of incandescent gas. Such an object would in all probability not greatly differ from many nebulæ now known to us. This being so, why should we withhold from the sun of primitive days the designation to which it seems to be so fully entitled? Why should we not speak of it as a nebula? The application of the laws of heat has shown that the great orb of day was once one of those numerous objects which astronomers know as nebulæ, and perhaps it may not be too fanciful to suppose that a trace of the primæval nebula still survives in what we call the Solar Corona (Fig. ). 20 About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Robert S. Ball (2019). The Earth's Beginning. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/59080/pg59080-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

THE HISTORY OF THE SUN

FIRST QUARTER TO FULL MOON

THE OPENING OF RUSSIA

Was it Smart to Switch from Linux to ChromeOS Flex?

Authors: Yew Ken Chia, Ruochen Zhao, Xingxuan Li, Bosheng Ding, Lidong Bing Recently, conversational AI models such as [1] have captured the public’s imagination with the ability to generate high-quality written content, hold human-like conversations, answer factual questions, and more. OpenAI’s ChatGPT Armed with such potential, Microsoft and Google have [2] that combine them with traditional search engines. announced new services The new wave of conversation-powered search engines has the potential to answer complex questions naturally, summarize search results, and even serve as a creative tool. However, in doing so, tech companies now face a greater ethical challenge to ensure that their models do not mislead users with false, ungrounded, or conflicting answers. Hence, the question naturally arises: Can ChatGPT-like models guarantee factual accuracy? In this article, we uncover several factual mistakes in [9] and [3] which suggest that they currently cannot. Microsoft’s new Bing Google’s Bard Unfortunately, false expectations can lead to disastrous results. Around the same time as Microsoft’s new Bing announcement, Google hastily announced a new conversational AI service named Bard. Despite the hype, expectations were quickly shattered when Bard made a factual mistake in the [14], eventually [4] by nearly 8% and wiping $100 billion off its market value. promotional video tanking Google’s share price On the other hand, there has been less scrutiny regarding Microsoft’s new Bing. In the [8], we found that the new Bing recommended a rock singer as a top poet, fabricated birth and death dates, and even made up an entire summary of fiscal reports. demonstration video Despite [9] that the new Bing’s responses may not always be factual, overly optimistic sentiments may inevitably lead to disillusionment. disclaimers Hence, our goal is to draw attention to the factual challenges faced by conversation-powered search engines so that we may better address them in the future. What Factual Mistakes Did Microsoft’s New Bing Demonstrate? Microsoft released the new Bing search engine powered by AI, claiming that it will revolutionize the scope of traditional search engines. Is this really the case? We dived deeper into the [8] and [9], and found three main types of factual issues: demonstration video examples Claims that conflict with the reference sources. Claims that don’t exist in the reference sources. Claims that don’t have a reference source, and are inconsistent with multiple web sources. Fabricated numbers in financial reports: be careful when you trust the new Bing! To our surprise, the new Bing fabricated an entire summary of the financial report in the demonstration! When Microsoft executive Yusuf Mehdi showed the audience how to use the command “key takeaways from the page” to auto-generate a summary of the [10a], he received the following results Gap Inc. 2022 Q3 Fiscal Report However, upon closer examination, all the key figures in the generated summary are inaccurate. We will show excerpts from the original financial report below as validating references. According to the new Bing, the operating margin after adjustment was 5.9%, while it was actually 3.9% in the source report. Similarly, the adjusted diluted earnings per share were generated as $0.42, while it should be $0.71. Regarding net sales, the new Bing’s summary claimed “growth in the low double digits”, while the original report stated that “net sales could be down mid-single digits”. In addition to the generated figures which conflicted with actual figures in the source report, we observe that the new Bing may also produce hallucinated facts that do not exist in the source. In the new Bing’s generated summary, the “operating margin of about 7% and diluted earnings per share of $1.60 to $1.75” are nowhere to be found in the source report. Unfortunately, the situation worsened when the new Bing was instructed to “compare this with Lululemon in a table”. The financial comparison table generated by the new Bing contained numerous mistakes: This table, in fact, is half wrong. Out of all the numbers, 3 out of 6 figures are wrong in the column for Gap Inc., and same for Lululemon. As mentioned before, Gap Inc.’s true operating margin is 4.6% (or 3.9% after adjusting), and diluted earnings per share should be $0.77 (or $0.71 after adjusting). The new Bing also claimed that Gap Inc.’s cash and cash equivalents amounted to $1.4 billion, while it was actually $679 million. According to [10b], the gross margin should be 55.9%, while the new Bing claims it’s 58.7%. Lululemon’s 2022 Q3 Fiscal Report The operating margin should be 19.0%, while the new Bing claims it to be 20.7%. The diluted earnings per share were actually $2.00, while the new Bing claims it to be $1.65. So, where did these figures come from? You may be wondering whether it’s a number that was misplaced from another part in the original document. The answer is no. Curiously, these numbers are nowhere to be found in the original document and are entirely fabricated. In fact, it is still an open research challenge to constrain the outputs of generative models to be more factually grounded. Plainly speaking, the popular generative AI models such as ChatGPT are picking words to generate from a fixed vocabulary, instead of strictly copying and pasting facts from the source. Hence, factual correctness is one of the innate challenges of generative AI and cannot be strictly guaranteed with current models. This is a major concern when it comes to search engines as users rely on the results to be trustworthy and factually accurate. Japanese top poet: secretly a rock singer? We observe that the new Bing produces factual mistakes not just for numbers but also for personal details of specific entities, as shown in the response above when the new Bing was queried about “top Japanese poets”. The generated date of birth, death, and occupation factually conflict with the referenced source. According to [11a] and [11a], Eriko Kishida was born in 1929 and died in 2011. She was not a playwright and essayist, but a children’s book author and translator. Wikipedia IMDB The new Bing continued blundering when it proclaimed Gackt as a top Japanese poet when he is in fact a famous rockstar in Japan. According to the [11b], he is an actor, musician, and singer. There is no information on him publishing poems of any kind in the source. Wikipedia source Following Bing’s nightclub recommendations? You could be facing a closed door. Furthermore, the new Bing made a list of possible nightclubs to visit in Mexico City when asked “Where is the nightlife?”. Alarmingly, almost all the clubs’ opening times are wrongly generated: We cross-checked the opening times with multiple sources, which are also appended at the end of the article. While [12a] actually opens from 7:00 pm to 3:00 am from Tuesday to Sunday, new Bing claims it to be “open from 5:00 pm to 11:00 pm from Tuesday to Sunday”. El Almacen [12b] actually opens from 6:00 pm to 2:30 am from Thursday to Saturday, but is claimed to be “open from 6:00 pm to 3:00 am from Thursday to Sunday”. El Marra [12c] is open from 5:30 pm to 1:30 am or 12:30 am every day, while new Bing claims it to be “open from 8:00 pm to 3:00 am every day”. Guadalajara de Noche Besides opening times, almost all the descriptions on review stars and numbers mentioned by the new Bing are inaccurate. Matching review scores cannot be found despite searching on Yelp, Tripadvisor, or Google Maps. In addition to the cases mentioned above, we also found other issues in their demonstration video, such as product price mismatches, store address errors, and time-related mistakes. You are welcome to verify them if interested. Potential Concerns in the Limited Bing Demo Although the new Bing search engine is not fully accessible yet, we can examine a handful of [9] provided by Microsoft. Upon closer examination, even these cherry-picked examples show potential issues on factual grounding. demonstration examples In the demo titled “what art ideas can I do with my kid?”, the new Bing produced an [13]. insufficient list of crafting materials for each recommendation For example, when suggesting making a cardboard box guitar, it listed the supplies: “a tissue box, a cardboard tube, some rubber bands, paint and glue”. However, it failed to include construction paper, scissors, washi tape, foam stickers, and wooden beads suggested by the [13a]. cited website Another potential concern is that the new Bing produced content that had no factual basis in the reference sources, at least 21 times across the 12 demonstration examples. The lack of factual grounding and failure to cite a complete list of sources could lead users to question the trustworthiness of the new Bing. What Factual Mistakes Did Google’s Bard Demonstrate? [3]. Instead of typing in traditional search queries, users can have a casual and informative conversation with the web-powered chatbot. Google also unveiled a conversational AI service called Bard For example, a user may initially ask about the best constellations for stargazing, and then follow up by asking about the best time of year to see them. However, a clear disclaimer is that Bard may give “inaccurate or inappropriate information”. Let’s investigate the factual accuracy of Bard in their [14] and [15]. Twitter post video demonstration Google CEO Sundar Pichai recently posted a [14] to demonstrate the capabilities of Bard. However, the answer contained an error regarding which telescope captured the first exoplanet images, which was [16a]. short video quickly pointed out by astrophysicists As confirmed by [16b], the first images of an exoplanet were captured by the Very Large Telescope (VLT) instead of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). NASA Unfortunately, Bard turned out to be a costly experiment as [4] after news of the factual mistake was reported. Google’s stock price sharply declined Regarding Bard’s video demonstration, the image above shows how [16]. However, the timing of Orion is inconsistent with multiple sources. Google’s Bard answers the question of when the constellations are visible According to the [17a], the constellation is most visible from January to March. According to [17b], it is most visible from January to April. top Google search result Wikipedia Furthermore, the answer is incomplete as the visibility of the constellation also depends on whether the user is in the Northern or Southern hemisphere. How Do Bing and Bard Compare? The new Bing and Bard services may not be equally trustworthy in practice. This is due to factors such as the quality of search results, the quality of conversational models, and the transparency of the provided answers. Currently, both services rely on relevant information sources to guide the responses of their conversational AI models. Hence, the factual accuracy of the answers depends on the quality of the [18], and how well the conversational model can generate answers that are factually grounded to the information sources. information retrieval systems As the full details of the services are not released to the public, it’s unclear which one can achieve higher factual accuracy without deeper testing. On the other hand, we feel that transparency is just as important as trustworthiness. For instance, we observe that the new Bing is more transparent regarding the source of its answers, as it provides reference links in most cases. This enables users to independently conduct fact-checking, and we hope that future conversational services also provide this feature. How Can the Factual Limitations Be Addressed? Through the numerous factual mistakes shown above, it is clear that conversational AI models such as ChatGPT may produce conflicting or non-existent facts even when presented with reliable sources. As mentioned previously, it is a pressing research challenge to ensure the factual grounding of ChatGPT-like models. Due to their generative nature, it is difficult to [19] and even harder to guarantee that the generated output is factually consistent with the information sources. control their outputs A short-term solution could be to impose restrictions to prevent conversational AI from producing unsafe or unfactual outputs. However, malicious parties can eventually [7], while [20] is another unsolved research challenge. bypass the safety restrictions fact verification In the long term, we may have to accept that human and machine writers alike will likely remain imperfect. To progress toward more trustworthy AI, conversational AI models like ChatGPT cannot remain as [21]. inscrutable black boxes They should be fully transparent about their data sources and potential biases, report when they have low confidence in their answers, and explain their reasoning processes. What Does the Future Hold for ChatGPT-like Models? After a systematic overview, we have found significant factual limitations demonstrated by the new wave of search engines powered by conversational AI like ChatGPT. Despite disclaimers of potential factual inaccuracy and warnings to use our judgment before making decisions, we encountered many factual mistakes even in the cherry-picked demonstrations. Thus, we cannot help but wonder: What is the purpose of search engines, if not to provide reliable and factual answers? In a new era of the web filled with AI-generated fabrications, how will we ensure truthfulness? Despite the massive resources of tech giants like Microsoft and Google, the current ChatGPT-like models cannot ensure factual accuracy. Even so, we are still optimistic about the potential of conversational models and the development of more trustworthy AI. Models like ChatGPT have shown great potential and will undoubtedly improve many industries and aspects of our daily lives. However, if they continue to generate fabricated content and unfactual answers, the public may become even warier about artificial intelligence. Therefore, rather than criticizing specific models or companies, we hope to call on researchers and developers to focus on improving the transparency and factual correctness of AI services, allowing humans to place a higher level of trust in the new technology in the foreseeable future. Sources Reference Articles [1] ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ [2] 7 problems facing Bing, Bard, and the future of AI search: https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/9/23592647/ai-search-bing-bard-chatgpt-microsoft-google-problems-challenges [3] Google: An important next step on our AI journey: https://blog.google/technology/ai/bard-google-ai-search-updates/ [4] Google’s Bard AI bot mistake wipes $100bn off shares: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64576225 [5] Reinventing search with a new AI-powered Microsoft Bing and Edge, your copilot for the web: https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2023/02/07/reinventing-search-with-a-new-ai-powered-microsoft-bing-and-edge-your-copilot-for-the-web/ [6] Google shares lose $100 billion after company’s AI chatbot makes an error during demo: https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/08/tech/google-ai-bard-demo-error [7] Hackers are selling a service that bypasses ChatGPT restrictions on malware: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/02/now-open-fee-based-telegram-service-that-uses-chatgpt-to-generate-malware/ New Bing fact verification sources: [8] Microsoft’s ( ) press release video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOeRWRJ16yY [9] Microsoft’s : ( ) demo page https://www.bing.com/new The new Bing and Fiscal Report: [10a] shown in the video: Gap Inc. Fiscal report https://s24.q4cdn.com/508879282/files/doc_financials/2022/q3/3Q22-EPR-FINAL-with-Tables.pdf [10b] found on their official website: Lululemon Fiscal report https://corporate.lululemon.com/media/press-releases/2022/12-08-2022-210558496#:\~:text=For the third quarter of 2022%2C compared to the third,%2C and increased 41%25 internationally The new Bing and Japanese Poets: [11a] Eriko Kishida: ( ), ( ) Wikipedia https://twitter.com/sundarpichai/status/1622673369480204288 IMDB https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1063814/ [11b] Gacket: ( ) Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gackt The new Bing and Nightclubs in Mexico: [12a] El Almacen: ( ), ( ) Google Maps https://goo.gl/maps/3BL27XgWpDVzLLnaA Restaurant Guru https://restaurantguru.com/El-Almacen-Mexico-City [12b] El Marra: ( ), ( ) Google Maps https://goo.gl/maps/HZFe8xY7uTk1SB6s5 Restaurant Guru https://restaurantguru.com/El-Marra-Mexico-City [12c] Guadalajara de Noche: ( ), ( ) Tripadvisor https://www.tripadvisor.es/Attraction_Review-g150800-d3981435-Reviews-Guadalajara_de_Noche-Mexico_City_Central_Mexico_and_Gulf_Coast.html Google Maps https://goo.gl/maps/UeHCm1EeJZFP7wZYA [13] The new Bing and craft ideas ( ): https://www.bing.com/search?q=Arts and crafts ideas, with instructions for a toddler using only cardboard boxes, plastic bottles, paper and string&iscopilotedu=1&form=MA13G7 [13a] Cited website: ( ) Happy Toddler Playtime https://happytoddlerplaytime.com/cardboard-box-guitar-craft-for-kids/ Bard fact verification sources: [14] Promotional blog ( ) and video ( ) https://twitter.com/sundarpichai/status/1622673369480204288 https://twitter.com/sundarpichai/status/1622673775182626818 [15] ( ) Video demonstration https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLWXJ22LUEc Which telescope captured the first exoplanet images [16a] by Grant Tremblay (American astrophysicist) ( ) Twitter https://twitter.com/astrogrant/status/1623091683603918849 [16b] NASA: 2M1207 b — First image of an exoplanet ( ) https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/300/2m1207-b-first-image-of-an-exoplanet/ When the constellations are visible [17a] ( ) top result: ( ) Google https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=when+is+orion+visible&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8 Byju’s https://byjus.com/question-answer/in-which-season-of-the-year-is-the-constellation-orion-visible-in-the-sky/ [17b] page “Orion (constellation)”: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_(constellation) Academic References [18] An Introduction to Information Retrieval: https://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/pdf/irbookonlinereading.pdf [19] Toward Controlled Generation of Text: http://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/hu17e/hu17e.pdf [20] FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERification: https://aclanthology.org/N18-1074.pdf [21] Peeking Inside the Black-Box: A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8466590 Image credit, prompt of ‘robot fact checker uses magnify glass to examine an ai chatbots accuracy.’ HackerNoon AI Image Generator

Mistakes of Microsoft's New Bing: Can ChatGPT-like Generative Models Guarantee Factual Accuracy?

মাইক্রোসফ্টের নতুন বিং-এর ভুলগুলি: চ্যাটজিপিটি-এর মতো জেনারেটিভ মডেলগুলি কি প্রকৃত নির্ভুলতার গ্যারান্টি দিতে পারে?

Fehler von Microsofts neuem Bing: Können ChatGPT-ähnliche generative Modelle sachliche Genauigkeit garantieren?

Errores del nuevo Bing de Microsoft: ¿pueden los modelos generativos similares a ChatGPT garantizar la precisión de los hechos?

Erreurs du nouveau Bing de Microsoft : les modèles génératifs de type ChatGPT peuvent-ils garantir l'exactitude factuelle ?

Microsoft की नई बिंग की गलतियाँ: क्या चैटजीपीटी-जैसे जनरेटिव मॉडल तथ्यात्मक सटीकता की गारंटी दे सकते हैं?

Microsoft の新しい Bing の間違い: ChatGPT のような生成モデルは事実の正確さを保証できますか?

Microsoft의 새로운 Bing의 실수: ChatGPT와 유사한 생성 모델이 사실적 정확성을 보장할 수 있습니까?

Erros do novo Bing da Microsoft: modelos generativos do tipo ChatGPT podem garantir precisão factual?

Microsoft'un Yeni Bing'indeki Hatalar: ChatGPT Benzeri Üretken Modeller Gerçek Doğruluğu Garanti Edebilir mi?

Những sai lầm của Bing mới của Microsoft: Các mô hình tạo giống như ChatGPT có thể đảm bảo độ chính xác thực tế không?

微软新Bing的误区：类似ChatGPT的生成模型能否保证事实准确性？

THE DREAM IS THE FULFILMENT OF A WISH

The Storybook Landing Page: A CSS/JavaScript Animated Splash Screen Landing Page

Crypto has several features that are . There’s no bank or other centralized authority to flag suspicious transactions and attempt to stop fraud before it happens. Crypto transfers can’t be reversed — once the money’s gone, there’s no getting it back. The problem is aggravated by the simple fact that most people are not well versed with how crypto works. attractive to scammers Total cryptocurrency scam revenue for 2022 currently sits at $1.6 billion . The median individual reported loss is a whopping $2,600 . [1] [2] It’s not stealing money, but also blackmailers, money launderers, illicit entities backed by nation state actors, terrorist organizations and darknet dealers. The US Department of the Treasury maintains a to which companies and individuals alike have to comply to. While entities like crypto exchanges and banks have access to advanced information and analytics on crypto scams, an individual crypto player has to rely on their own due diligence and luck. Crypto did succeed in decentralizing institutions, but the ability to defend against scams is largely centralized. only scammers list of sanctioned entities Starting with a Solution With a grand vision to solve this problem and make Web3 safer for everyone, DirtyHash was created as an open source project to defend against Web3 and Crypto frauds, phishing, ransomware, blackmailers and money laundering. With this you can analyze suspicious entities (BTC and ETH wallet addresses, smart contracts, websites, twitter handles, etc.) to detect frauds and scams. You can report scammers and share them with the community. . DirtyHash applies machine learning techniques to detect malicious wallet addresses in realtime, and provides a risk score for a particular wallet address. In addition, it scrapes the internet for malicious entities, uses publicly available crypto scam databases, leverages reports submitted by users, maintains blacklists of malicious entities, and whitelists of known entities. It maps the transaction graphs in blockchains to hunt for related scam entities. DirtyHash also searches for malicious entities as reported in the Sanctions List by the US Treasury Department After you report a scam on DirtyHash, it is evaluated further by automated algorithms or by manual screening, and is then added to the DirtyHash reports database. In the near future, if you report a new scam that was not present already in the DirtyHash database, then you will get rewarded in the forms of DirtyHash DAO tokens. There is also a which could be used to bake DirtyHash capabilties into other applications. Search and Report API Following are some crypto addresses and domains that you can check out on DirtyHash: BTC (fraud category): 31pkayxomDRSFRQ8Tuomvs6hm49szqkQ6s BTC Binance (non-fraud category): bc1qm34lsc65zpw79lxes69zkqmk6ee3ewf0j77s3h BTC (ML based detection): 114Ap9G5nu78vESC648amPwSeqUorPtV5L BTC (from US Treasury OFAC Sanctions list): 123WBUDmSJv4GctdVEz6Qq6z8nXSKrJ4KX ETH (machine learning based detection): 0x5f6de8a46f5050f490ea7ace69d0d0034b49bbee ETH Smart Contract (phishing): 0xcb944f73698f85faba8c8dc2fdc8e81ef1ae9dc9 ETH (Tornado Cash): 0x12d66f87a04a9e220743712ce6d9bb1b5616b8fc Twitter handle (fraud category): VitalkButerin Web3 domain (non-fraud category): uniswap.org Strong Traction DirtyHash currently has over 13 million pre-analyzed BTC and ETH addresses, domains and Twitter handles which have been linked to a scam. Users from 44 countries have used the service in the pre-release phase that ran for a period of 2 months. Following is a map showing countries with DirtyHash users (in blue, as of 8th Nov, 2022). Starting Nov 7, 2022, the DirtyHash portal is generally available globally. Even in the pre-release phase, DirtyHash received a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack. The service recovered back after a small downtime, but this incident highlights its effectiveness against scammers, thereby protecting crypto users. Whats Next? As next, the DirtyHash team is working on supporting other popular blockchains like Solana and Flow. It is setting up an incentivization mechanism for users to report scams, in the form of DAO tokens. DirtyHash is in discussions with popular crypto wallet providers to have the risk score integrated in the wallet itself and shown before the transaction approval. The team would also launch a browser extension to alert users and help them defend against crypto scams. Call to Action is an open source project, please follow us on and contribute to the . DirtyHash Twitter Github repo The DirtyHash portal is operated by Perinno AB, based in Sweden, which is an independent research lab focussing on Web3 security. Also published here .

Towards a Safer Web3: Protecting Against Cryptoscams With DirtyHash

Hacia una Web más segura3: Protección contra criptoestafas con DirtyHash

Vers un Web plus sûr3 : se protéger contre les cryptoscams avec DirtyHash

सुरक्षित वेब3 की ओर: डर्टीहैश के साथ क्रिप्टो स्कैम से सुरक्षा

より安全な Web3 に向けて: DirtyHash を使用して暗号詐欺から保護する

Rumo a uma Web mais segura3: protegendo contra criptoscams com DirtyHash

Hướng tới một Web3 an toàn hơn: Bảo vệ chống lừa đảo bằng tiền điện tử với DirtyHash

迈向更安全的 Web3：使用 DirtyHash 防范加密诈骗

Joan and Peter by H. G. Wells, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE FOURTH GUARDIAN THE FOURTH GUARDIAN § 1 It was just a quarter of a year after the death of Dolly and Arthur before Oswald Sydenham heard of the event and of Arthur’s will and of the disputes of his three fellow guardians in England. For when the stonemason boatman staggered and fell and the boat turned over beneath the Arco Naturale, Oswald was already marching with a long string of porters and armed men beyond the reach of letters and telegrams into the wilderness. He was in pursuit of a detachment of the Sudanese mutineers who, with a following of wives, children and captives, were making their way round through the wet forest country north of Lake Kioga towards the Nile province. With Sydenham was an able young subaltern, Muir, the only other white man of the party. In that net of rivers, marsh and forest they were destined to spend some feverish months. They pushed too far eastward and went too fast, and they found themselves presently not the pursuers but the pursued, cut off from their supports to the south. They built a stockade near Lake Salisbury, and were loosely besieged. For a time both sides in the conflict were regarded with an impartial unfriendliness by the naked blacks who then cultivated that primitive region, and it was only the looting and violence of the Sudanese that finally turned the scale in favour of Sydenham’s little force. Sydenham was able to attack in his turn with the help of a local levy; he took the Sudanese camp, killed twenty or thirty of the mutineers, captured most of their women and gear, and made five prisoners with very little loss to his own party. He led the attack, a tall, lean, dreadful figure with half a face that stared fiercely and half a red, tight-skinned, blind mask. Two Sudanese upon whom his one-sided visage came suddenly, yelled with dismay, dropped their rifles and started a stampede. Black men they knew and white men, but this was a horrible red and white man. A remnant of the enemy got away to the north and eluded his pursuit until it became dangerous to push on further. They were getting towards the district in which was the rebel chief Kabarega, and a union of his forces with the Sudanese fugitives would have been more than Sydenham and Muir could have tackled. The government force turned southward again. Oswald had been suffering from fatigue and a recurrence of blackwater fever, a short, sharp spell that passed off as suddenly as it came; but it left him weak and nervously shaken; for some painful days before he gave in he ruled his force with an iron discipline that was at once irrational and terrifying, and afterwards he was carried in a litter, and Muir took over the details of command. It was only when Oswald was within two days’ journey of Luba Fort upon Lake Victoria Nyanza that his letters reached him. § 2 During all this time until he heard of Dolly’s death, Oswald’s heart was bitter against her and womankind. He had left England in a fever of thwarted loneliness. He did his best to “go to Hell” even as he had vowed in the first ecstasy of rage, humiliation and loss. He found himself incapable of a self-destructive depravity. He tried drinking heavily and he could never be sure that he was completely drunk; some toughness in his fibre defeated this overrated consolation. He attempted other forms of dissipation, and he could not even achieve remorse, nothing but exasperation with that fiddling pettiness of sexual misbehaviour which we call Vice. He desired a gigantic sense of desolation and black damnation, and he got only shame for a sort of childish nastiness. “If this is Sin!” cried Oswald at last, “then God help the Devil!” “There’s nothing like Work,” said Oswald, “nothing like Work for forgetfulness. And getting hurt. And being shot at. I’ve done with this sort of thing for good and all....” “What a fool I was to come here!...” And he went on his way to Uganda. The toil of his expedition kept his mind from any clear thinking about Dolly. But if he thought little he felt much. His mind stuck and raged at one intolerable thought, and could not get beyond it. Dolly had come towards him and then had broken faith with the promise in her eyes, and fled back to Arthur’s arms. And now she was with Arthur. Arthur was with her, Arthur had got her. And it was intolerably stupid of her. And yet she wasn’t stupid. There she was in that affected little white cottage with its idiotic big roof, waiting about while that fool punched copper or tenored about æsthetics. (Oswald’s objection to copper repoussé had long since passed the limits of sanity.) Always Dolly was at Arthur’s command now. Until the end of things. And she might be here beside her mate, with the flash in her eyes, with her invincible spirit, sharing danger, fever and achievement; empire building, mankind saving.... Now and then indeed his mind generalized his bitter personal disappointment with a fine air of getting beyond it. The Blantyre woman and that older woman of his first experiences who had screamed at the sight of his disfigured face, were then brought into the case to establish a universal misogyny. Women were just things of sex, child-bearers, dressed up to look like human beings. They promised companionship as the bait on the hook promises food. They were the cheap lures of that reproductive maniac, herself feminine, old Mother Nature; sham souls blind to their own worthless quality through an inordinate vanity and self-importance. Ruthless they were in their distribution of disappointment. Sterile themselves, life nested in them. They were the crowning torment in the Martyrdom of Man. Thus Oswald in the moments when thought overtook him. And when it came to any dispute about women among the men, and particularly to the disposal of the women after the defeat of the mutineers near Lake Salisbury, it suited his humour to treat them as chattels and to note how ready they were to be treated as chattels, how easy in the transfer of their affections and services from their defeated masters to their new owners. This, he said, was the natural way with women. In Europe life was artificial; women were out of hand; we were making an inferior into a superior as the Egyptian made a god of the cat. Like cat worship it was a phase in development that would pass in its turn. The camp at which his letters met him was in the Busoga country, and all day long the expedition had been tramping between high banks of big-leaved plants, blue flowering salvias, dracenas and the like, and under huge flowering trees. Captain Wilkinson from Luba Fort had sent runners and porters to meet them, and at the halting-place, an open space near the banana fields of a village, they found tea already set for them. Oswald was ill and tired, and Muir took over the bothers of supervision while Oswald sat in a deck chair, drank tea, and opened his letters. The first that came to hand was from Sycamore, the Stubland solicitor. Its news astonished him. , wrote Mr. Sycamore. Dear Sir I regret to have to inform you of the death of my two clients, your friends Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Stubland. They were drowned by a boat accident at Capri on the third of this month, and they probably died within a few minutes of each other. They had been in Italy upon a walking tour together. There were no witnesses of the accident—the boatman was drowned with them—and the presumption in such cases is that the husband survived the wife. This is important because by the will of Mrs. Stubland you are nominated as the sole guardian both of the son and the adopted daughter, while by the will of Mr. Stubland you are one of four such guardians. In all other respects the wills are in identical terms.... At this point Oswald ceased to read. He was realizing that these words meant that Dolly was dead. § 3 Oswald felt very little grief at the first instant of this realization. We grieve acutely for what we have lost, whether it be a reality or a dream, but Dolly had become for Oswald neither a possession nor a hope. In his mind she was established as an intense quarrel. Whatever he had to learn about her further had necessarily to begin in terms of that. The first blow of this news made him furious. He could not think of any act or happening of Dolly’s except in terms of it being aimed at him. And he was irrationally angry with her for dying in such a way. That she had gone back to Arthur and resumed his embraces was, he felt, bad enough; but that she should start out to travel with Arthur alone, to walk by Arthur’s side exactly as Oswald had desired her to walk by his side—he had dreamt of her radiant companionship, it had seemed within his grasp—and at last to get drowned with Arthur, that was the thing to strike him first. He did not read the rest of the letter attentively. He threw it down on the folding table before him and hit it with his fist, and gave his soul up to a storm of rage and jealousy. “To let that fool drown her!” he cried. “She’d do anything for him.... “And I might go to !... Hell “Oh, all women!...” damn It was not a pretty way of taking this blow. But such are the instinctive emotions of the thwarted male. His first reception of the news of Dolly’s death was to curse her and all her sex.... And then suddenly he had a gleam of imagination and saw Dolly white and wet and pitiful. Without any intermediate stage his mind leapt straight from storming anger to that.... For a time he stared at that vision—reproached and stunned.... Something that had darkened his thoughts was dispelled. His mind was illuminated by understanding. He saw Dolly again very clearly as she had talked to him in the garden. It was as if he had never seen her before. For the first time he realized her indecision. He understood now why it was she had snatched herself back from him and taken what she knew would be an irrevocable step, and he knew now that it was his own jealous pride that had made that step irrevocable. The Dolly who had told him of that decision next morning was a Dolly already half penitent and altogether dismayed. And if indeed he had loved her better than his pride, even then he might have held on still and won her. He remembered how she had winced when she made her hinting confession to him. No proud, cold-hearted woman had she been when she had whispered, “Oswald, now you must certainly go.” It was as plain as daylight, and never before had he seen it plain. He had left her, weak thing that she was, because she was weak, for this fellow to waste and drown. And it was over now and irrevocable. “Men and women, poor fools together,” he said. “Poor fools. Poor fools,” and then at the thought of Dolly, broken and shrinking, ashamed of the thing she had done, at the thought of the insults he had slashed at her, knowing how much she was ashamed and thinking nevertheless only of his own indignity, and at the thought of how all this was now stilled forever in death, an overwhelming sense of the pitifulness of human pride and hatred, passion and desire came upon him. How we hated! how we hurt one another! and how fate mocked all our spites and hopes! God sold us a bargain in life. Dolly was sold. Arthur the golden-crested victor was sold. He himself was sold. The story had ended in this pitiless smacking of every one of the three poor tiresome bits of self-assertion who had acted in it. It was a joke, really, just a joke. He began to laugh as a dog barks, and then burst into bitter weeping.... He wept noisily for a time. He blubbered with his elbows on the table. His Swahili attendant watched him with an undiminished respect, for Africa weeps and laughs freely and knows well that great chiefs also may weep. Presently his tears gave out; he became very still and controlled, feeling as if in all his life he would never weep again. He took up Mr. Sycamore’s letter and went on reading it. “ ,” the letter ran. “ ” In all other respects the wills are in identical terms In both I am appointed sole executor, a confidence I appreciate as a tribute to my lifelong friendship with Mr. Stubland and his parents. The other guardians are Miss Phyllis and Miss Phœbe Stubland and your aunt-in-law, Lady Charlotte Sydenham. “Good heavens!” cried Oswald wearily, as one hears a hopelessly weak jest. “But ?” why “ I do not know if you will remember me, but I have had the pleasure of meeting you on one or two occasions, notably after your admirable paper read to the Royal Geographical Society. This fact and the opinion our chance meetings have enabled me to form of you, emboldens me to add something here that I should not I think have stated to a perfect stranger, and that is my impression that Mr. Stubland was particularly anxious that you should become a guardian under his will. I knew Mr. Stubland from quite a little boy; his character was a curious one, there was a streak of distrust and secretiveness in it, due I think to a Keltic strain that came in from his mother’s side. He altered his will a couple of days before he started for Italy, and from his manner and from the fact that Mrs. Stubland’s will was not also altered, I conclude that he did so without consulting her. He did so because for some reason he had taken it into his head that you would not act, and he did so for no other reason that I can fathom. Otherwise he would have left the former will alone. Under the circumstances I feel bound to tell you this because it may materially affect your decision to undertake this responsibility. I think it will be greatly to the advantage of the children if you do. I may add that I know the two Miss Stublands as well as I knew their brother, and that I have a certain knowledge of Lady Charlotte, having been consulted on one occasion by a client in relation to her. The Misses Stubland were taking care of The Ingle-Nook and children—there is a trustworthy nurse—in the absence of the parents up to the time of the parents’ decease, and it will be easy to prolong this convenient arrangement for the present. The children are still of tender age and for the next few years they could scarcely be better off. I trust that in the children’s interest you will see your way to accept this duty to your friend. My hope is enhanced by the thought hat so I may be able later to meet again a man for whose courage and abilities and achievements I have a very great admiration indeed. ” I am, dear Sir,Very truly yours,George Sycamore. “Yes,” said Oswald, “but I can’t, you know.” He turned over Sycamore’s letter again, and it seemed no longer a jest and an insult that Arthur had made him Peter’s guardian. Sycamore’s phrases did somehow convey the hesitating Arthur, penitent of the advantages that had restored him Dolly and still fatuously confident of Oswald’s good faith. “But I can’t do it, my man,” said Oswald. “It’s too much for human nature. Your own people must see to your own breed.” He sat quite still for a long time thinking of another child that now could never be born. “Why didn’t I stick to her?” he whispered. “Why didn’t I hold out for her?” He took up Sycamore’s letter again. “But why the devil did he shove in old Charlotte?” he exclaimed. “The man was no better than an idiot. And underhand at that.” His eye went to a pile of still unopened letters. “Ah! here we are!” he said, selecting one in a bulky stone-grey envelope. He opened it and extracted a number of sheets of stone-grey paper covered with a vast, loose handwriting, for which previous experience had given Oswald a strong distaste. , her letter began. My dear Nephew I suppose you have already heard the unhappy end of that Stubland marriage. I have always said that it was bound to end in a tragedy.... “Oh Lord!” said Oswald, and pitched the letter aside and fell into deep thought.... He became aware of Muir standing and staring down at him. One of the boys must have gone off to Muir and told him of Oswald’s emotion. “Hullo,” said Muir. “All right?” “I’ve been crying,” said Oswald drily. “I’ve had bad news. This fever leaves one rotten.” “Old Wilkinson has sent us up a bottle of champagne,” said Muir. “He’s thought of everything. The cook’s got curry powder again and there’s a basket of fish. We shall dine tonight. It’s what you want.” “Perhaps it is,” said Oswald. § 4 After dinner, the best dinner they had had for many weeks, a dinner beautifully suggestive to a sick man of getting back once more to a world in which there is enough and comfort, Oswald’s tongue was loosened and he told his story. He was not usually a communicative man but this was a brimming occasion; Muir he knew for a model of discretion, Muir had been his colleague, his nurse and his intimate friend to the exclusion of all others, for three eventful months, and Muir had already made his confidences. So Oswald told about Dolly and how his scar and his scruples had come between them, and what he thought and felt about Arthur, and so to much experimental wisdom about love and the bitterness of life. He mentioned the children, and presently Muir, who had the firm conscientiousness of the Scotch, brought him back to Peter. “He was a decent little chap,” said Oswald. “He was tremendously like Dolly.” “And not like that other man?” said Muir sympathetically. “No. Not a bit.” “I’m thinking you ought to stand by him for all you’re worth.” Oswald thought. “I will,” he said.... The next morning life did not seem nearly so rounded and kindly as it had been after his emotional storm of the evening before; he was angry and jealous about Dolly and Arthur again, and again disposed to regard his guardianship as an imposition, but he felt he had given his word overnight 111and that he was bound now to stand by Joan and Peter as well as he could. Moreover neither Lady Charlotte nor the sisters Stubland were really, he thought, people to whom children should be entrusted. His party reached Luba’s the next evening, and he at once arranged to send a cable to Mr. Sycamore accepting his responsibility and adding: “Prefer children should go on as much as possible mother’s ideas until my return.” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. H. G. Wells (2020). Joan and Peter. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/61426/61426-h/61426-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

THE FOURTH GUARDIAN

Inside Musk's Social Circle: Yes-men, Media Personalities, and (a lot of) right-wing VCs

Dentro del círculo social de Musk: sí-hombres, personalidades de los medios y (muchos) capitalistas de riesgo de derecha

À l'intérieur du cercle social de Musk : les hommes du oui, les personnalités des médias et (beaucoup) les VC de droite

मस्क के सोशल सर्कल के अंदर: हाँ-पुरुष, मीडिया हस्तियां, और (बहुत सारे) दक्षिणपंथी वीसी

Musk のソーシャル サークルの内部: イエスメン、メディアパーソナリティ、および (多くの) 右翼 VC

Dentro do Círculo Social de Musk: sim-men, personalidades da mídia e (muitos) VCs de direita

Bên trong vòng kết nối xã hội của Musk: Yes-men, Media Personalies, và (rất nhiều) nhà đầu tư mạo hiểm cánh hữu

马斯克的社交圈内幕：应声虫、媒体名人和（很多）右翼风投

Introduction Google Maps Data is a crucial piece of data for review software companies, sentimental analysts, and data miners as it contains information like user ratings, user reviews, addresses, and images of a particular place. In this tutorial, we will learn how to scrape this valuable Google Maps information with the help of Node JS. And at the end, we will see how can help you scrape Google Maps Reviews without any extra effort, which we require in scraping Google. Serpdog's | Google Maps Reviews API Requirements: Web Parsing with CSS selectors Searching the tags from the HTML files is not only a difficult thing to do but also a time-consuming process. It is better to use the for selecting the perfect tags to make your web scraping journey easier. CSS Selectors Gadget This gadget can help you to come up with the perfect CSS selector for your need. Here is the link to the , which will teach you to use this gadget for selecting the best CSS selectors according to your needs. tutorial User Agents User-Agent is used to identify the application, operating system, vendor, and version of the requesting user agent, which can save help in making a fake visit to Google by acting as a real user. You can also rotate User Agents, read more about this in this article: . How to fake and rotate User Agents using Python 3 If you want to further safeguard your IP from being blocked by Google, you can try these . 10 Tips to avoid getting Blocked while Scraping Websites Install Libraries Before we begin, install these libraries so we can move forward and prepare our scraper. Puppeteer JS Or you can type the below commands in your project terminal to install the libraries: npm i puppeteer Target: Process: Copy the below target URL to extract the HTML data: https://www.google.com/maps/search/coffee/@28.6559457,77.1404218,11z is our query. After that, we have our latitudes and longitudes. The number before at the end is nothing but the zooming intensity of Google Maps. You can decrease or increase it as per your choice. Its value ranges from 2.92, in which the map completely zooms out, to 21, in which the map completely zooms in. Coffee z Latitudes and longitudes are required to pass in the URL. But the zoom parameter is optional. Note: We will use Puppeteer Infinite Scrolling Method to scrape the Google Maps Results. So, let us start preparing our scraper. First, let us create the main function, which will launch the browser and navigate to the target URL. const getMapsData = async () => {     
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({
            headless: false,
            args: ["--disabled-setuid-sandbox", "--no-sandbox"],
        });
        const page = await browser.newPage();
        await page.setExtraHTTPHeaders({
            "User-Agent":
                "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11_10) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4882.194 Safari/537.36",
        })
        
        
        await page.goto("https://www.google.com/maps/search/Starbucks/@26.8484046,75.7215344,12z/data=!3m1!4b1" , {
            waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded',
            timeout: 60000
        })
        
        await page.waitForTimeout(3000);
        
        let data =  await scrollPage(page,".m6QErb[aria-label]",2)
        
        console.log(data)
        await browser.close();
        }; Step-by-step explanation: - This will launch the Chromium browser with the options we have set in our code. In our case, we are launching our browser in non-headless mode. puppeteer.launch() - This will open a new page or tab in the browser. browser.newPage() - It is used to pass HTTP headers with every request the page initiates. page.setExtraHTTPHeaders() - This will navigate the page to the specified target URL. page.goto() - It will cause the page to wait for 3 seconds to do further operations. page.waitForTimeout() - At last, we called our infinite scroller to extract the data we need with the , the tag for the scroller , and the number of items we want as parameters. scrollPage() page div Now, let us prepare the infinite scroller. const scrollPage = async(page, scrollContainer, itemTargetCount) => {
        let items = [];
        let previousHeight = await page.evaluate(`document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollHeight`);
        while (itemTargetCount > items.length) {
            items = await extractItems(page);
            await page.evaluate(`document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollTo(0, document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollHeight)`);
            await page.evaluate(`document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollHeight > ${previousHeight}`);
            await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
        }
        return items;
    } Step-by-step explanation: - Scroll the height of the container. previousHeight - Function to parse the scraped HTML. extractItems() In the next step, we just scrolled down the container to a height equal to . previousHeight And in the last step, we waited for the container to scroll down until its height got greater than the previous height. And, at last, we will talk about our parser. const extractItems = async(page)  => {
        let maps_data = await page.evaluate(() => {
        return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".Nv2PK")).map((el) => {
            const link = el.querySelector("a.hfpxzc").getAttribute("href");
            return {
            title: el.querySelector(".qBF1Pd")?.textContent.trim(),
            avg_rating: el.querySelector(".MW4etd")?.textContent.trim(),
            reviews: el.querySelector(".UY7F9")?.textContent.replace("(", "").replace(")", "").trim(),
            address: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(1) > span:last-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            description: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(2)")?.textContent.replace("·", "").trim(),
            website: el.querySelector("a.lcr4fd")?.getAttribute("href"),
            category: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(1) > span:first-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            timings: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(3) > span:first-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            phone_num: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(3) > span:last-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            extra_services: el.querySelector(".qty3Ue")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").replaceAll("  ", " ").trim(),
            latitude: link.split("!8m2!3d")[1].split("!4d")[0],
            longitude: link.split("!4d")[1].split("!16s")[0],
            link,
            dataId: link.split("1s")[1].split("!8m")[0],
            };
        });
        });
        return maps_data;
        } Step-by-step explanation: - It will return all the elements that match the specified CSS selector. In our case, it is . document.querySelectorAll() Nv2PK -This will return the attribute value of the specified element. getAttribute() - It returns the text content inside the selected HTML element. textContent - Used to split a string into substrings with the help of a specified separator and return them as an array. split() - Removes the spaces from the starting and end of the string. trim() - Replaces the specified pattern from the whole string. replaceAll() Here is the full code: const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

    const extractItems = async(page)  => {
        let maps_data = await page.evaluate(() => {
        return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".Nv2PK")).map((el) => {
            const link = el.querySelector("a.hfpxzc").getAttribute("href");
            return {
            title: el.querySelector(".qBF1Pd")?.textContent.trim(),
            avg_rating: el.querySelector(".MW4etd")?.textContent.trim(),
            reviews: el.querySelector(".UY7F9")?.textContent.replace("(", "").replace(")", "").trim(),
            address: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(1) > span:last-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            description: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(2)")?.textContent.replace("·", "").trim(),
            website: el.querySelector("a.lcr4fd")?.getAttribute("href"),
            category: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(1) > span:first-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            timings: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(3) > span:first-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            phone_num: el.querySelector(".W4Efsd:last-child > .W4Efsd:nth-of-type(3) > span:last-child")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").trim(),
            extra_services: el.querySelector(".qty3Ue")?.textContent.replaceAll("·", "").replaceAll("  ", " ").trim(),
            latitude: link.split("!8m2!3d")[1].split("!4d")[0],
            longitude: link.split("!4d")[1].split("!16s")[0],
            link,
            dataId: link.split("1s")[1].split("!8m")[0],
            };
        });
        });
        return maps_data;
        }
    
        const scrollPage = async(page, scrollContainer, itemTargetCount) => {
        let items = [];
        let previousHeight = await page.evaluate(`document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollHeight`);
        while (itemTargetCount > items.length) {
            items = await extractItems(page);
            await page.evaluate(`document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollTo(0, document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollHeight)`);
            await page.evaluate(`document.querySelector("${scrollContainer}").scrollHeight > ${previousHeight}`);
            await page.waitForTimeout(2000);
        }
        return items;
        }
    
    
    
    const getMapsData = async () => {
        browser = await puppeteer.launch({
        headless: false,
        args: ["--disabled-setuid-sandbox", "--no-sandbox"],
        });
        const [page] = await browser.pages();
        await page.setExtraHTTPHeaders({
            "User-Agent":
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11_10) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4882.194 Safari/537.36",
        })
        
    
        await page.goto("https://www.google.com/maps/search/Starbucks/@26.8484046,75.7215344,12z/data=!3m1!4b1" , {
            waitUntil: 'domcontentloaded',
            timeout: 60000
        })
    
        await page.waitForTimeout(5000)  
    
    let data =  await scrollPage(page,".m6QErb[aria-label]",2)
    
    console.log(data)
    await browser.close();
    };
    
    getMapsData(); Results: Our result should look like this 👇🏻: [
    {
        title: 'The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf',
        avg_rating: '4.7',
        reviews: '79',
        address: 'The Coffee Bean & Tea Lea,Ground Floor, Epicuria Food Court, Plot No-10 Shivaji Place, Najafgarh Rd',
        description: 'Chain coffee bar known for frozen drinks',
        category: 'Coffee shop',
        timings: 'Open ⋅ Closes 11PM',
        phone_num: 'Open ⋅ Closes 11PM',
        extra_services: 'Dine-in   Drive-through   No-contact delivery      Reserve a table',
        latitude: '28.6511983',
        longitude: '77.1215014',
        link: 'https://www.google.com/maps/place/The+Coffee+Bean+%26+Tea+Leaf/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x390ce3a69997ad37:0xff83fd9a57a7a71e!8m2!3d28.6511983!4d77.1215014!16s%2Fg%2F11sgxr14tq!19sChIJN62XmabjDDkRHqenV5r9g_8?authuser=0&hl=en&rclk=1',
        dataId: '0x390ce3a69997ad37:0xff83fd9a57a7a71e'
    },
    {
        title: 'The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf',
        avg_rating: '4.0',
        reviews: '271',
        address: 'T320, Ambience Mall, Gurgaon - Delhi Expy',
        description: 'Chain coffee bar known for frozen drinks',
        category: 'Coffee shop',
        timings: 'Open ⋅ Closes 11PM',
        phone_num: 'Open ⋅ Closes 11PM',
        extra_services: 'Dine-in   Takeaway   No-contact delivery',
        latitude: '28.5041789',
        longitude: '77.0970538',
        link: 'https://www.google.com/maps/place/The+Coffee+Bean+%26+Tea+Leaf/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x390d194c1a223247:0x611f25bf4fddaf08!8m2!3d28.5041789!4d77.0970538!16s%2Fg%2F11cs6ch67r!19sChIJRzIiGkwZDTkRCK_dT78lH2E?authuser=0&hl=en&rclk=1',
        dataId: '0x390d194c1a223247:0x611f25bf4fddaf08'
    },
    ..... Serpdog's Google Maps Reviews API Scraping, in the long run, can become a time-consuming process as it requires you to maintain the scraper according to changing CSS Selectors. To solve this problem, we at also offer that returns the HTML and readymade structured JSON data to the users. Currently, we are working on Google Maps API, which we will launch after some time. Serpdog | Google Search API Google Maps Reviews API Scraping Google also requires solving captchas, a large pool of User agents, and proxies, but Serpdog solves all these problems on its behalf for a smooth scraping experience. Our users also get 100 free requests on the first . sign-up const axios = require('axios');

    axios.get('https://api.serpdog.io/reviews?api_key=APIKEY&data_id=0x89c25090129c363d:0x40c6a5770d25022b')
        .then(response => {
        console.log(response.data);
        })
        .catch(error => {
        console.log(error);
        }); Results: "location_info": {
    "title": "Statue of Liberty",
    "address": "New York, NY",
    "avgRating": "4.7",
    "totalReviews": "83,109 reviews"
    },
    "reviews": [
    {
        "user": {
        "name": "Vo Kien Thanh",
        "link": "https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/106465550436934504158?hl=en-US&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7zY_J4cv4AhUID0QIHZCtC0cQvvQBegQIARAZ",
        "thumbnail": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a/AATXAJxv5_uPnmyIeoARlf7gMWCduHV1cNI20UnwPicE=s40-c-c0x00000000-cc-rp-mo-ba4-br100",
        "localGuide": true,
        "reviews": "111",
        "photos": "329"
        },
        "rating": "Rated 5.0 out of 5,",
        "duration": "5 months ago",
        "snippet": "The icon of the U.S. 🗽🇺🇸. This is a must-see for everyone who visits New York City, you would never want to miss it.There’s only one cruise line that is allowed to enter the Liberty Island and Ellis Island, which is Statue Cruises. You can purchase tickets at the Battery Park but I’d recommend you purchase it in advance. For $23/adult it’s actually very reasonably priced. Make sure you go early because you will have to go through security at the port. Also take a look at the departure schedule available on the website to plan your trip accordingly.As for the Statue of Liberty, it was my first time seeing it in person so what I could say was a wow. It was absolutely amazing to see this monument. I also purchased the pedestal access so it was pretty cool to see the inside of the statue. They’re not doing the Crown Access due to Covid-19 concerns, but I hope it will be resumed soon.There are a gift shop, a cafeteria and a museum on the island. I would say it takes around 2-3 hours to do everything here because you would want to take as many photos as possible.I absolutely loved it here and I can’t wait to come back.The icon of the U.S. 🗽🇺🇸. This is a must-see for everyone who visits New York City, you would never want to miss it. …More",
        "visited": "",
        "likes": "91",
        "images": [
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPOBhJtq17DAc9_ZTBnN2X4Nn-EwIEet61Y9JQo=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPZ2ut1I7LnECqEB2vzrBk-PSXzBxaHEE4S54lk=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM8nIogBhwcL-dUrd7KaIxZcc_SA6YnJpp50R0C=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPQ-YP7uw_gHTNb1gGZSGRGRrzLMzOrvh98AmSN=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOTqBzK30vQZi9lfuhpk5329bnx-twzgIVjwcI1=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN0TWUE35ajoTdSKelspuUpK-ZTXlRRR9SfPbTa=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPQH_4HtdXmSdkCiDTv2jO30LksCxpe9KQI4YKw=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN_OfX2TgXVNry5fli5v-yExbyTAfV4K7SEy3T0=w100-h100-p-n-k-no",
        "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNWKl0TeBmnzMaR_W4-7skitDwHjjJxPePbiSyd=w100-h100-p-n-k-no"
        ]
    },
        ........ Conclusion: This tutorial taught us to scrape Google Maps Results using Node JS. Feel free to if I missed something. Follow me on . Thanks for reading! message me Twitter Additional Resources Scrape Google Organic Search Results Web Scraping Google Images Scrape Google News Results Web Scraping Google With Node JS - A Complete Guide Originally published here.

How to Scrape Data from Google Maps

Worlds Within Worlds: The Story of Nuclear Energy, Volume 2 (of 3), by Isaac Asimov is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Volume II, THE NEUTRON: Neutron Bombardment Neutron Bombardment As soon as neutrons were discovered, it seemed to physicists that they had another possible bombarding particle of extraordinary properties. Since the neutron lacked any electric charge, it could not be repelled by either electrons on the outside of the atoms or by the nuclei at the center. The neutron was completely indifferent to the electromagnetic attraction and it just moved along in a straight line. If it happened to be headed toward a nucleus it would strike it no matter how heavy a charge that nucleus might have and very often it would, as a result, induce a nuclear reaction where a proton would not have been able to. J. Robert Oppenheimer To be sure, it seemed just at first that there was a disadvantage to the neutron’s lack of charge. It could not be accelerated directly by any device since that always depended on electromagnetic interaction to which the neutron was impervious. There was one way of getting around this and this was explained in 1935 by the American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) and by his student Melba Phillips. 108 Use is made here of the nucleus of the hydrogen-2 (deuterium) nucleus. That nucleus, often called a “deuteron”, is made up of 1 proton plus 1 neutron and has a mass number of 2 and an atomic number of 1. Since it has a unit positive charge, it can be accelerated just as an isolated proton can be. Suppose, then, that a deuteron is accelerated to a high energy and is aimed right at a positively charged nucleus. That nucleus repels the deuteron, and it particularly repels the proton part. The nuclear interaction that holds together a single proton and a single neutron is comparatively weak as nuclear interactions go, and the repulsion of the nucleus that the deuteron is approaching may force the proton out of the deuteron altogether. The proton veers off, but the neutron, unaffected, keeps right on going and, with all the energy it had gained as part of the deuteron acceleration, smashes into the nucleus. Within a few months of their discovery, energetic neutrons were being used to bring about nuclear reactions. Actually, though, physicists didn’t have to worry about making neutrons energetic. This was a hangover from their work with positively charged particles such as protons and alpha particles. These charged particles had to be energetic to overcome the repulsion of the nucleus and to smash into it with enough force to break it up. Neutrons, however, didn’t have to overcome any repulsion. No matter how little energy they had, if they were correctly aimed (and some always were, through sheer chance) they would approach and strike the nucleus. In fact, the more slowly they travelled, the longer they would stay in the vicinity of a nucleus and the more likely they were to be captured by some nearby nucleus through the attraction of the nuclear interaction. The influence of the nucleus in capturing the neutron was greater the slower the neutron, so that it was almost as though the nucleus were 109larger and easier to hit for a slow neutron than a fast one. Eventually, physicists began to speak of “nuclear cross sections” and to say that particular nuclei had a cross section of such and such a size for this bombarding particle or that. The effectiveness of slow neutrons was discovered in 1934 by the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi (1901-1954). Of course, there was the difficulty that neutrons couldn’t be slowed down once they were formed, and as formed they generally had too much energy (according to the new way of looking at things). At least they couldn’t be slowed down by electromagnetic methods—but there were other ways. A neutron didn’t always enter a nucleus that it encountered. Sometimes, if it struck the nucleus a hard, glancing blow, it bounced off. If the nucleus struck by the neutron is many times as massive as the neutron, the neutron bounced off with all its speed practically intact. On the other hand, if the neutron hits a nucleus not very much more massive than itself, the nucleus rebounds and absorbs some of the energy, so that the neutron bounces away with less energy than it had. If the neutron rebounds from a number of comparatively light nuclei, it eventually loses virtually all its energy and finally moves about quite slowly, possessing no more energy than the atoms that surround it. (You can encounter this situation in ordinary life in the case of billiard balls. A billiard ball, colliding with a cannon ball, will just bounce, moving just as rapidly afterward as before, though in a different direction. If a billiard ball strikes another billiard ball, it will set the target ball moving and bounce off itself with less speed.) The energy of the molecules in the atmosphere depends on temperature. Neutrons that match that energy and have the ordinary quantity to be expected at room temperature are called “thermal” (from a Greek word meaning “heat”) neutrons. The comparatively light nuclei against which the 110neutrons bounce and slow down are “moderators” because they moderate the neutron’s energy. Fermi and his co-workers were the first to moderate neutrons, produce thermal neutrons, and use them, in 1935, to bombard nuclei. He quickly noted how large nuclear cross sections became when thermal neutrons were the bombarding particles. It might seem that hope could now rise in connection with the practical use of energy derived from nuclear reactions. Neutrons could bring about nuclear reactions, even when they themselves possessed very little energy, so output might conceivably be more than input for each neutron that struck. Furthermore because of the large cross sections involved, thermal neutrons missed far less frequently than high-energy charged particles did. But there was a catch. Before neutrons could be used, however low-energy and however sure to hit, they had to be produced; and in order to produce neutrons they had to be knocked out of nuclei by bombardment with high-energy protons or some other such method. The energy formed by the neutrons was at first never more than the tiniest fraction of the energies that went into forming the neutrons in the first place. It was as though you could indeed light a candle with a single match, but you still had to look through 300,000 useless pieces of wood before you found a match. The candle would still be impractical. Even with the existence of neutron bombardment, involving low energy and high cross section, Rutherford could, with justice, feel right down to the time of his death that nuclear energy would never be made available for practical use. And yet, among the experiments that Fermi was trying in 1934 was that of sending his neutrons crashing into uranium 111atoms. Rutherford had no way of telling (and neither had Fermi) that this, finally, was the route to the unimaginable. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Isaac Asimov. 2015. Worlds Within Worlds: The Story of Nuclear Energy, Volume 2 (of 3). Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved May 2022 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/49820/49820-h/49820-h.htm#c28 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

The Story of Nuclear Energy: Neutron Bombardment

Stories, News & Mentions about 11ZA

11za’s Stories on HackerNoon