What happened this week in the Crypto markets? Window Dressing Think of the end of the month as a narrative — the chart is a story and market forces determine the plot. Of course, asset managers report their returns monthly. And since, relative to other asset classes, a very small percentage of investors are actively formulating this narrative, it becomes fairly easy to push an agenda either way. If we look back to last month, the price of experienced significant moves on July 31st ($8100) that lasted until August 11th ($6150). The end of this month was no different, as Bitcoin began its move on August 30th ($6850), and currently sits at $7250 as of Sunday. This is no coincidence — July was a great month for those long crypto, so they rushed to lock in gains at the end of the month, leading to a 2-week swoon. Conversely, August was a great month for those short the market, and they rushed to cover positions and lock in gains at month-end. Bitcoin Seeing the Forest Through the Trees But what is the narrative over a longer time horizon? That depends on who you ask. For those who entered the space in 2017, the narrative is that Bitcoin and the rest of crypto is just a speculative bubble, with which Bitcoin has lost ~70% of its value YTD. For those who entered the space much earlier, this is the ebb and flow that we all signed up for — volatile swings in both directions. If we look at the charts, we see that this ‘bear’ market is nothing more than a correction — albeit a long one. The bear market of 2014, following the Mt.Gox crash and subsequent fear in the market, had a different narrative than that of today. It’s worth noting that Bitcoin has not posted a lower low in over 4 months. As such, it becomes increasingly clearer that the nature of this story does not correlate to the story told in 2014. While it is anyone’s guess as to when the market changes its narrative, it is imperative that we distinguish the differences between the two stories, making sure not to correlate what should not be correlated. Ethereum and Futures Markets The CBOE that they will offer Ethereum Futures later this year, and many are drawing similarities to the of Bitcoin Futures, and the subsequent launch on December 18th 2017. When BTC Futures were announced, the price of Bitcoin ran up all the way to the all time high of $19,500 on December 17th 2017. It has been downhill ever since, with Futures markets pushing down the price ever since. announced announcement It can be hypothesized that large market influencers bought enormous quantities of Bitcoin leading up to the announcement, causing market hysteria and inflating the price irrationally. With no order book to support such volatile gains, these influencers then took their Bitcoin and shorted the market using Futures, thus capitalizing on the way up and the way down. However, BTC Futures opened in a bull market, whereas ETH Futures are likely to open in a bear market. The price of Ethereum has moved down on extremely thin volume. When Futures launch, it would make more sense for big market players to go long Ethereum on thin order books — the exact inverse of Bitcoin. This, paired with information that ETH will and lower the block rewards from 3 ETH to 2 ETH in their Constantinople fork in October, offers a scenario where Ethereum may offer good upside returns in the near future. Similar to block halving for Bitcoin, which cuts block rewards in half every 4 years, this EIP will both reduce inflation of the asset and lower sellside pressure from miners. institute EIP-1234 Why are Mining Rewards Correlated with Higher Prices? The answer lies within the heart of Proof of Work (PoW). Every day, miners have a decision to make — are the rewards received worth the cost of mining? If the answer is no, most miners will turn off their rigs, waiting for profitable conditions to return. Since mining is an open market determined by the amount of miners and the amount of transactions, if transactions are kept the same but the amount of miners go down, each miner now mines more blocks — therefore earning more rewards. So, with the profitability of mining ETH going from 3 ETH/block to 2 ETH/block, many miners might argue that a 33% reduction in rewards makes it unprofitable. For the retail miner, it’s a small problem. For large mining operations with a considerable amount of hashrate, this problem is intensified. Turning off millions of dollars worth of machines can be detrimental, as the upfront cost of said machines and the short lifespan of technology puts them in a bind. These miners contribute pretty heavily to the sell side order book of Ethereum (same goes for any PoW-based asset) and could mutually agree to discontinue the selling of ETH until prices increase to a profitable level. Keeping the sell-side of the order books empty will push the price of Ethereum up — no sellers and consistent buyers. It remains to be seen what will happen with Ethereum long term, but with the information available today, Ethereum will offer a litmus test for market economics regarding PoW-based assets not named Bitcoin. I Believe that Children are our Future As reported in a recent Coinbase survey, . What do you think will happen when this demographic has real wealth and influence in their late 20s and early 30s? Kudos to the that are now offering crypto educational classes. 18% of US students now own Cryptocurrencies 21 Top 50 Universities ran with this and went even deeper, pulling the top email domain names of their subscriber base. We’ve heard of a few of these schools, and are pretty confident that graduates of these programs will be prominent in the crypto community for decades to come. Token Economy And of course, we’ve all seen that the CFA Institute . So we ask ourselves…. ‘How many other subjects have made their way into university and higher learning curriculums in such a short period of time? plans to offer Blockchain and Crypto topics to its 2019 exams The argument is no longer about Crypto’s staying power — and instead, becomes all about its power. For specific information about investing in the 3 private Arca Funds, click here . Notable movers and shakers Digibyte (DGB) is up 31.01% week-over-week, with a sudden increase in volume led by Singapore based Huobi (70% of overall daily volume). Digibyte also released v6.16.4 Blockchain core software this week, which could be a potential catalyst for the positive price action. It is interesting to note that a few weeks ago when the Turkish lira was experiencing hyperinflation, Turkish exchange Sistemkoin experienced a massive influx of people purchasing DGB with their lira. Digibyte is a similar to Bitcoin, differing in block time (15 seconds), transactions per second (500), and algorithm variance (5). cryptocurrency Eos (EOS) gained 32.3% last week, after strong buy interest was noticed on Binance — a single buy order of over $1 Million USD was placed at $5.17, driving the price up 5% in 20 minutes. The order books continued that growth throughout the rest of the week, even after an initial scare regarding malicious attacks against RAM, freezing developers/users ability to deploy smart contracts. Icon (ICX) finished the week up 5%, after news came out on Tuesday that the foundation will be buying back $5 million worth of ICX from the market as a show of good faith in the project. ICX experienced a significant retracement from the all time highs in January (-93%), but looks to be finding a price floor. What we’re reading this week Is Bitcoin the new Safe Haven? A good store of value becomes a vehicle with which to hide out during periods of uncertainty, depressing asset prices, or hyperinflation. A quick country-by-country look at Bitcoin demand shows that emerging markets are continuously using Bitcoin (BTC) as a way to get their money out of their respective countries. The fact that millions of people around the world are flocking to Bitcoin validates its existence. OpenFinance Launches Regulated Trading Platform for Security Tokens You’ve heard us talk about the future of crypto assets, which includes the tokenization of just about any asset, including equity and debt. Platforms like OpenFinance are emerging to facilitate the compliant trading of these vehicles. The irony of using paper and pen to store digital assets Let’s just say these processes will improve, but for now, this is a great read to understand the difficulties and precautions necessary to securely safeguard digital assets. Crypto Exchanges Join Winklevoss Backed Self-Regulatory Group Self-regulation and the creation of best practices is a positive for the industry, and we applaud the Winklevoss group. Bitcoin Transaction Value Reaches $1.3T As It Passes PayPal And Discover Hats off to our friends over at Ark Invest for this great analysis on Bitcoin transaction volume and corresponding value. Despite what you may have heard about Bitcoin not being used enough for actual transactions, it is now far more utilized than just about any other frequently used value transfer mechanism other than Visa and top credit cards. Arca in the News The Bitmain IPO currently being marketed in Hong Kong may have negative effects on Bitcoin (BTC) and Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Arca CIO Steven McClurg . As Steven puts it, “when a company creates an exit for a high margin cash flowing business, it usually indicates diminishing growth or margins. This could also indicate a continued bear market for Bitcoin.” offered his thoughts via Crowdfundinsider.com And That’s Our Two Satoshis! Thanks for reading everyone! Questions or comments, just let us know. - The Arca Portfolio Management Team Steven McClurg — Chief Investment OfficerJeff Dorman — Head TraderSasha Fleyshman — TraderKatie Talati — Head of Research “Satoshi” promo code gets 3 free job postings on Hacker Noon’s job board. Disclaimer: This commentary is provided as general information only and is in no way intended as investment advice, investment research, a research report or a recommendation. Any decision to invest or take any other action with respect to the securities discussed in this commentary may involve risks not discussed herein and such decisions should not be based solely on the information contained in this document. Statements in this communication may include forward-looking information and/or may be based on various assumptions. The forward-looking statements and other views or opinions expressed herein are made as of the date of this publication. Actual future results or occurrences may differ significantly from those anticipated and there is no guarantee that any particular outcome will come to pass. The statements made herein are subject to change at any time. Arca Funds disclaims any obligation to update or revise any statements or views expressed herein. In considering any performance information included in this commentary, it should be noted that past performance is not a guarantee of future results and there can be no assurance that future results will be realized. Some or all of the information provided herein may be or be based on statements of opinion. In addition, certain information provided herein may be based on third-party sources, which information, although believed to be accurate, has not been independently verified. Arca Funds and/or certain of its affiliates and/or clients hold and may, in the future, hold a financial interest in securities that are the same as or substantially similar to the securities discussed in this commentary. No claims are made as to the profitability of such financial interests, now, in the past or in the future and Arca Funds and/or its clients may sell such financial interests at any time. The information provided herein is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any securities. This commentary has not been reviewed or approved by any regulatory authority and has been prepared without regard to the individual financial circumstances or objectives of persons who may receive it. The appropriateness of a particular investment or strategy will depend on an investor’s individual circumstances and objectives.

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