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Background and Blockchain

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Abstract and 1 Introduction

2 Background and 2.1 Blockchain

2.2 Transactions

3 Motivating Example

4 Computing Transaction Processing Times

5 Data Collection and 5.1 Data Sources

5.2 Approach

6 Results

6.1 RQ1: How long does it take to process a transaction in Ethereum?

6.2 RQ2: How accurate are the estimates for transaction processing time provided by Etherscan and EthGasStation?

7 Can a simpler model be derived? A post-hoc study

8 Implications

8.1 How about end-users?

9 Related Work

10 Threats to Validity

11 Conclusion, Disclaimer, and References


A. COMPUTING TRANSACTION PROCESSING TIMES

A.1 Pending timestamp

A.2 Processed timestamp

B. RQ1: GAS PRICE DISTRIBUTION FOR EACH GAS PRICE CATEGORY

B.1 Sensitivity Analysis on Block Lookback

C. RQ2: SUMMARY OF ACCURACY STATISTICS FOR THE PREDICTION MODELS

D. POST-HOC STUDY: SUMMARY OF ACCURACY STATISTICS FOR THE PREDICTION MODELS

2 BACKGROUND

In this section, we introduce the key concepts that are used throughout our paper.

2.1 Blockchain

A blockchain is essentially a ledger of all transactional activity occurring on the network. The ledger is stored on the network using blocks: an object which stores a unique set of transactions, all of which are identifiable by their own unique ID. The information within blocks cannot be changed unless all of the blocks that came after it are also changed. As a result, it is common for information in a block to become immutable after a certain amount of blocks have been appended after it.


Authors:

(1) MICHAEL PACHECO, Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL) at Queen’s University, Canada;

(2) GUSTAVO A. OLIVA, Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL) at Queen’s University, Canada;

(3) GOPI KRISHNAN RAJBAHADUR, Centre for Software Excellence at Huawei, Canada;

(4) AHMED E. HASSAN, Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL) at Queen’s University, Canada.


This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license.


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