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Factors (Independent Variables)

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Abstract and 1 Introduction

1.1 The twincode platform

1.2 Pilot Studies

1.3 Other Gender Identities and 1.4 Structure of the Paper

2 Related Work

3 Original Study (Seville Dec, 2021) and 3.1 Participants

3.2 Experiment Execution

3.3 Factors (Independent Variables)

3.4 Response Variables (Dependent Variables)

3.5 Confounding Variables

3.6 Data Analysis

4 First Replication (Berkeley May, 2022)

4.1 Participants

4.2 Experiment Execution

4.3 Data Analysis

5 Discussion and Threats to Validity and 5.1 Operationalization of the Cause Construct — Treatment

5.2 Operationalization of the Effect Construct — Metrics

5.3 Sampling the Population — Participants

6 Conclusions and Future Work

6.1 Replication in Different Cultural Background

6.2 Using Chatbots as Partners and AI-based Utterance Coding

Datasets, Compliance with Ethical Standards, Acknowledgements, and References

A. Questionnaire #1 and #2 response items

B. Evolution of the twincode User Interface

C. User Interface of tag-a-chat

3.3 Factors (Independent Variables)

The four factors, i.e., independent variables, in both the original experiment and the replication are following.


group nominal factor representing the group (experimental or control) subjects were randomly allocated to.


time nominal factor representing the moment (t1 and t2) in which the first and second in-pair tasks were performed by the subjects.


ipgender nominal factor representing the induced partner’s binary gender (man or woman for the experimental group, and none for the control group) during the in-pair tasks.


gender nominal factor representing subject’s gender, which may be man, woman, or any other option as freely expressed in the demographic form during registration.


Figure 5 First response item for pp variable in questionnaires #1 & #2 as presented to the subjects


Authors:

(1) Amador Duran, I3US Institute, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain and SCORE Lab, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain ([email protected]);

(2) Pablo Fernandez, I3US Institute, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain and SCORE Lab, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain ([email protected]);

(3) Beatriz Bernardez, I3US Institute, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain and SCORE Lab, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain ([email protected]);

(4) Nathaniel Weinman, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA ([email protected]);

(5) Aslıhan Akalın, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA ([email protected]);

(6) Armando Fox, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA ([email protected]).


This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.


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