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Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces: Mechanics of Selective SSMs

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Authors:

(1) Albert Gu, Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University with Equal contribution ([email protected]);

(2) Tri Dao, Department of Computer Science, Princeton University with Equal contribution ([email protected]).

Table of Links

Abstract and 1. Introduction

2 State Space Models

3 Selective State Space Models and 3.1 Motivation: Selection as a Means of Compression

3.2 Improving SSMs with Selection

3.3 Efficient Implementation of Selective SSMs

3.4 A Simplifed SSM Architecture

3.5 Properties of Selection Mechanisms

3.6 Additional Model Details

4 Empirical Evaluation and 4.1 Synthetic Tasks

4.2 Language Modeling

4.3 DNA Modeling

4.4 Audio Modeling and Generation

4.5 Speed and Memory Benchmarks

4.6 Model Ablations

5 Discussion

6 Conclusion, Acknowledgments and References

A Discussion: Selection Mechanism

B Related Work and B.1 S4 Variants and Derivatives

B.2 SSM Architectures

B.3 Relationship to RNNs

B.4 Linear Attention and B.5 Long Context Models

C Mechanics of Selective SSMs

D Hardware-aware Algorithm For Selective SSMs

E Experimental Details and Additional Results and E.1 Synthetic Tasks

E.2 Language Modeling

E.3 DNA Modeling

E.4 Audio Details

E.5 Efficiency Benchmark

C Mechanics of Selective SSMs

The discretization step size is

where we observe that the parameter can be viewed as a learnable bias and folded into the linear projection. Now applying the zero-order hold (ZOH) discretization formulas:

Thus the final discrete recurrence (2a) is

as desired.


This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.


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