On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969: Chapter 1 - THE TASKS AND THE COMPUTERS

On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969, by H. W. Fulbright et al. National Research Council is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . . THE TASKS AND THE COMPUTERS Chapter 1 A. INTRODUCTION On-line data-acquisition computer systems are made in a wide range of types and sizes. In all cases at least one electronic computer is involved—a stored-program machine—because wired-program devices such as pulse-height analyzers are not considered to be computers. The rest of the system typically consists of input/output (I/O) devices such as analog-to-digital converters (ADC's), printers, cathode-ray oscilloscopes, plotters, and control devices, which may include, in addition to the console typewriter, switch boxes to simplify the control of special types of operations and perhaps a set of logic circuits associated with the input system, used to provide preliminary selection of incoming data. In a small but increasing number of cases a computer is seen dedicated entirely to a "process-control" application such as the automatic adjustment of the shim coils of a variable-energy cyclotron or the control of data acquisition in a nuclear-scattering experiment, adjustments such as changing the angle of observation being made essentially under direct automatic control of the computer. The smallest on-line systems use the smallest commercially available computers; the largest use computers bigger than those which until recently served most computing centers. Large systems sometimes include one or more satellite computers. The cost of individual systems ranges from $25,000 to $1,000,000, approximately. The total cost of computer systems in low-energy nuclear laboratories is estimated by now to have reached about $20,000,000. (There has been a larger expenditure in the high-energy nuclear field, where computer systems have been employed extensively for some years longer and where experiments are so expensive that the economic advantages of computer use were quickly recognized.) About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. H. W., Fulbright et al. 2013. On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved May 2022 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42613/42613-h/42613-h.htm#Page_1 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .