In node.js a buffer is a container for raw bytes. just means , and is just a 0 or a 1. So a byte might look like 10101010 ( ). A byte eight bits a bit From Allen 1- What does a Buffer look like? Basically buffer could be appeared in two main forms const Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;const buf = Buffer.from([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64]); Form 1, raw memory chunk console.log(buf);// outputs <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64> Form 2, decode format (could be ) utf16le, utf8 etc. [_more_](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/nodejs/nodejs_buffers.htm) console.log(buf.toString('utf16le'));// outputs '敨汬潷汲'console.log(buf.toString('utf8'));// outputs 'hello world' 2- Creating Buffers This is the part taken the note from There are a few ways to create new buffers: Josh . Uninitiated Buffer of n octets var buffer = new Buffer(8); Buffer from a given array This buffer is uninitialized and contains 8 bytes. var buffer = new Buffer([ 8, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0, 9]); Buffer from a given string. This initializes the buffer to the contents of this array. Keep in mind that the contents of the array are integers representing bytes. var buffer = new Buffer("I'm a string!", "utf-8") 3- Operation More Fun With Buffers Writing to Buffers Reading from Buffers buf.toString(‘utf8’,0,5) Convert Buffer to JSON var json = buf.toJSON(buf); Concatenate Buffers var buffer3 = Buffer.concat([buffer1,buffer2]); Compare Buffers buf.compare(otherBuffer); Copy Buffer buffer1.copy(buffer2); Slice Buffer var buffer2 = buffer1.slice(0,9); Buffer Length buffer.length Reference: https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/buffer.html#buffer_buffer_from_buffer_alloc_and_buffer_allocunsafe https://docs.nodejitsu.com/articles/advanced/buffers/how-to-use-buffers/ https://allenkim67.github.io/programming/2016/05/17/nodejs-buffer-tutorial.html https://www.tutorialspoint.com/nodejs/nodejs_buffers.htm https://flink.apache.org/news/2015/05/11/Juggling-with-Bits-and-Bytes.html
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