As one of the core contributors to Packer, I’ve often seen the tool misunderstood—even by experienced DevOps and infrastructure engineers. Over the years, Packer has grown well beyond its original purpose, yet many myths still persist about what it can (and cannot) do.
Let me take this opportunity to clear up some of these misconceptions and show why Packer remains a critical part of modern infrastructure automation at scale.
Myth 1: Packer is only for building VM images
This is perhaps the most common misconception. Early on, Packer became synonymous with building AMIs and traditional VM images. While that reputation is deserved, it’s no longer the whole story.
Today, Packer supports a wide range of builders—from Docker and OCI to VM images across all major cloud providers, including AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. It also integrates seamlessly with tools like QEMU, Ansible, and Vagrant, enabling diverse workflows across hybrid and multi-cloud environments.
From a single declarative template, teams can build consistent base images for both VMs and containers, ensuring alignment across platforms and clouds. Combined with the plugin ecosystem, Packer can adapt as your environment and scale evolve.
Myth 2: Packer doesn’t integrate well into CI/CD pipelines
Another myth is that image building is too slow or manual to fit modern CI/CD workflows. While this may have been true years ago, today it’s quite the opposite.
Packer integrates directly with CI/CD platforms like GitHub Actions and GitLab runners. Even better, with HCP Packer, you get automatic metadata pulled from these pipelines. This metadata is SLSA-compliant, ensuring supply chain security from build to deployment.
This means every commit can trigger automated builds, inject metadata, and publish artifacts to shared registries. Instead of being a bottleneck, image building becomes a first-class citizen in delivery pipelines—fully auditable, traceable, immutable, and secure.
Myth 3: If you use Terraform, you don’t need Packer
This misconception comes from the overlap in cloud-native toolchains. While both are part of HashiCorp’s ecosystem, they serve complementary but distinct purposes.
- Terraform provisions infrastructure resources.
- Packer builds the secure, pre-baked images those resources run on.
By using the two together, enterprises can achieve true immutable infrastructure. With Packer, images are hardened, consistent, and boot fast without fragile startup scripts. Terraform then deploys these images seamlessly, whether in single-cloud or multi-cloud environments.
This tight integration is why Packer and Terraform are often paired to deliver scalable, predictable, and secure infrastructure workflows.
Myth 4: Packer can’t scale to enterprise-level operations
This one is especially outdated. At enterprise scale, security, compliance, governance, and automation aren’t optional—they’re mandatory. That’s why we built HCP Packer, which extends the open-source foundation with enterprise-grade features.
Here’s how HCP Packer takes image management to the next level:
- Software Supply Chain Security: Image ancestry tracking lets you see the full lineage of images and their relationships.
- Artifact Visibility & Security: SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) storage provides deep insight into image components.
- Compliance & Governance: Audit logs deliver visibility into how images are used across your organization.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Bucket-level RBAC enforces fine-grained security and access policies.
With these capabilities, HCP Packer provides the reliability, governance, and compliance that enterprises demand—while still empowering teams to build at scale.
Final Thoughts
Packer is not just a legacy VM image builder—it’s a modern, extensible, and enterprise-ready platform for image automation across clouds, containers, and hybrid environments.
By combining broad builder support (AWS, Azure, GCP, AliCloud, Docker, QEMU, Ansible, Vagrant), seamless CI/CD integration with SLSA-compliant metadata, and tight interoperability with Terraform, Packer enables enterprises to build truly immutable, auditable, and secure infrastructure. And with HCP Packer, organizations can now bring image automation under the same umbrella of compliance, visibility, and supply chain security that’s demanded at global scale.
For those still thinking of Packer as “just a VM builder,” it’s time to revisit it. Far from fading into obscurity, Packer is becoming the quiet powerhouse of infrastructure automation—shaping how enterprises deliver consistent, secure, and reliable platforms in the cloud era.