TLDR
E-commerce payments, whether on merchant's web sites, or in merchant's mobile apps, are majority of online payments. Long before e-commerce existed, phone orders, catalog orders are also online. They are also called keyed transactions, because a physical card is not present to merchant, instead, the card number, expiration date, and security code need to be "keyed" in. For offline transactions, generally issuers are liable for fraud, except those who are still only accepting magnetic stripe cards.via the TL;DR App
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