How are Smart Contracts Executed in Hyperledger?

Written by tobykiernan | Published 2022/05/09
Tech Story Tags: blockchain | tatum_io | blockchain-writing-contest | smart-contracts | hyperledger | hyperledger-fabric | smart-contracts-in-hyperledger | categories-of-smart-contracts

TLDRSmart contracts are computer programs that can automatically execute the terms of a contract. They are powered by blockchain technology, which is a distributed database that allows for secure and transparent transactions. Hyperledger facilitates the implementation and verification of Smart Contracts, making our lives just a little more straightforward. End users interact with the ledger by using the smart contracts of blockchain. In just a few clicks, you can have your decentralized app or smart contract up and running on a hyperledger fabric network. You cannot tell the complexity of your Smart Contract until you define a software solution for your issue.via the TL;DR App

In the world of blockchain, each node stores a copy of the ledger, and all nodes are able to access the same information. It is not like the traditional databases where users can enjoy varying levels of access to data. The distributed architecture of blockchain allows for trustless interactions between peers.

One of the prime areas of focus for most business enterprises is the implementation of smart contracts in Hyperledger or any other blockchain framework. Smart contracts are the essential component of any blockchain implementation. Hyperledger facilitates the implementation and verification of Smart Contracts, making our lives just a little more straightforward.

Before we take a deep dive into the smart contract implementation strategy in blockchain protocols such as Hyperledger fabric node, let’s review a little bit more about Smart Contracts:

What are smart contracts?

When most people think of contracts, they think of a piece of paper with signatures on it. However, contracts don't have to be physical pieces of paper. They can also be digital agreements that are executed automatically when specific conditions are met. This is where smart contracts come in.

Smart contracts are computer programs that can automatically execute the terms of a contract. They are powered by blockchain technology, which is a distributed database that allows for secure and transparent transactions. This makes them ideal for things like online payments and other transactions that require trust.

In simple terms, Smart Contract is the business reasoning operating on a blockchain. You cannot tell the complexity of your Smart Contract or how it pertains to your strategy until you define a software solution for your issue.

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Categories of smart contracts

There are two categories of smart contracts, depending upon the use-case in which these are being executed:

On-chain Smart Contracts - These types of smart contracts are implemented when a transaction occurs on the blockchain and these smart contracts are stored well within the blockchain nodes as well.

Installed smart contracts - Smart Contracts that are created before the launch of the network or predating their commitment in ledgers are categorized as installed smart contracts.

Chaincode for smart contract execution in hyperledger

End-users interact with the ledger by using the smart contracts of the blockchain. In the Hyperledger Fabric open-source blockchain software, smart contracts are invoked in packages named chaincode.

Organizations that would like to verify transactions or take advantage of the functionality of the blockchain system are required to install a chaincode on their rivals. When a chaincode has been downloaded on membership in a group, the other members must download the application to the arbitrary nodes.

When it's a chaincode that has been installed in a party to a joint, channel members are capable to deploy the chaincode to the channel and utilize the blockchain contracts of the chaincode to execute with the channel's possessions on the channel ledger.

Fabric chain codes are created by a process that's known as the Chaincode lifecycle, which allows multiple parties to agree on how a code will be used. To take an example, while an endorsement policy stipulates which businesses need to validate a transaction by executing a chaincode, channel participants need to use the Fabric chaincode lifecycle to interact with the right people regarding the current chaincode endorsement policy. For a finer understanding of how to use a chaincode to a channel, see Fabric chaincode lifecycle.

To explain how to use the Reflector lifecycle command, you can watch playbacks of the tutorials in the fabric test network software. Once you have a basic understanding of the steps, you can execute the steps in the tutorials to deploy your chaincode on the Hyperledger fabric test network, or you can deploy your chaincode on a Fabric network.

You can also rely on popular platforms like Zeeve- the leading blockchain as a service provider to deploy, manage and monitor hyperledger fabric nodes and help with the integration of the decentralized app or smart contract. In just a few clicks, you can have your decentralized app or smart contract up and running on a hyperledger fabric network.

Take a closer look at the Hyperledger Architecture in order to understand more about smart contracts. Developers construct smart contracts using the Hyperledger Fabric codebase, which is built out of the Codegen, Deployer, and Explorer blocks.

How are smart contracts executed?

This is where it all begins with the input ID of the transaction being sent to the blockchain in a transaction request. When the contract interpreter cue is not suitable, the contract is rejected. The transaction is therefore relocated to the ledger.

After the validation is done, the consensus mechanism located at the core of the processing is sent to the transaction packet. It is herein that the smart contracts verify and also validate if the transaction can be associated with the blockchain or not. It is not just a simple, straightforward execution of the yes or no rules in the smart contract code that defines the validation. In fact, the smart contract also validates two critical things: Syntax Errors and Logic Errors.

The syntax validation tasks are incredibly easy. But when it comes to logic errors, the validation approach is quite complex. If a Smart Contract policy for reviewing transfers in the chain is configured, validation will keep documentation on double-transfer transactions, so that they can be used later for audit purposes.

The advantage of Hyperledger Fabric is its user-friendly Smart Contract abilities. Its best feature is the capability to simplify them in each of its frameworks:

  • ·         Hyperledger Sawtooth,
  • ·         Hyperledger Burrow, and
  • ·         Hyperledger Iroha.

When using Hyperledger for a large-scale deal, the Sawtooth platform is preferable because it performs smart contracts cryptographically, rather than via its simple validation.

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Written by tobykiernan | I'm interested by human creativity and technology. Love to write and inspired by facts of technology.
Published by HackerNoon on 2022/05/09