Ubunkimbinkimbi bokuzulazula: Izinselelo Zokuphatha Amaphrojekthi Amakhulu

Ukuphatha amaphrojekthi amakhulu kuba yinselele ngokubandakanyeka kwezinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi. Ubunkimbinkimbi buphinde buvele ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala solwazi esihlangene sokuphathwa kwephrojekthi. Izici ezibalulekile, njengamashejuli, izenzakalo ezibalulekile, izivumelwano, isabelomali sephrojekthi, ukugeleza komsebenzi wamadokhumenti, ukuhlaziya ukusebenza, nolwazi lwendawo, kusabalele ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni kahulumeni, ngiqoqe amathiphu abaluleke kakhulu okunqoba izinselelo ezinkulu ezilethwa amaphrojekthi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izixazululo zesofthiwe, eziklanyelwe ukuphatha kahle amaphrojekthi namasu okuphatha, enikeza indlela ehlangene yokunqoba izithiyo ezibangelwa izindawo ezihlukahlukene zolwazi kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi okuhlukaniselwe.

Izinselele ezijwayelekile

Ukuphatha ngempumelelo imiklamo yengqalasizinda emikhulu kuhlanganisa nokubhekana nezinkinga ezahlukene zokuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi. Enye yezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ihlanganisa ukuxhumanisa osonkontileka abancane abakhethekile abaningi futhi idinga ukwengamela kwamasu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwabo nemigomo yephrojekthi kanye nezikhathi ezimisiwe.

Elinye iphuzu lapha ukuthi ubungozi obuhlobene nezezimali, njengoshintsho kububanzi bephrojekthi noma imiyalo, bufuna ukuhlelwa kwezimali okushesha kakhulu nokuphathwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zephrojekthi eziguqukayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukugcina ukugeleza kwemali okunembile kubalulekile ekwabiweni kwezinsiza ezifanele kanye nezindleko ngokuhambisana nesabelomali sokwakha sonke.

Izinselele zobuchwepheshe ziyingxenye eyodwa okumele uhlangane nayo ekusebenzeni ngezikali ezinkulu. Zivame ukuvela ekutholeni izimvume, ezigcizelela isidingo sokuxhumana nokubambisana okuhlelekile. Ngokufanayo, ukugunyazwa okufika ngesikhathi okuvela kubanikazi bephrojekthi kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi okushelelayo. Ukuthembela kosonkontileka abancane abangenalwazi olutheni kwethula izinselele zobuchwepheshe, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okuphelele nokwesekwa.

Ubungozi bangaphandle, kuhlanganisa nokwesekwa kukahulumeni kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali okungaba khona emananini ezinsiza, nakho kufanele kubhekwe. Nakuba uhulumeni engase asize ngezingcuphe ezithile zangaphandle, osonkontileka kudingeka balandise ngokuguquguquka kwezintengo zezinsiza ezithinta ngokuqondile izindleko zokwakha.

Ingcuphe yengqalasizinda okuvunyelwene ngayo okungenani wukungalungi ekulinganiseni inani lempahla. Naphezu kokuqasha izinsiza ezinekhono, amaphutha abantu angaba khona ekulinganisweni komthamo asengadala izinkinga.

Ukuzulazula ngempumelelo kulezi zinselele kudinga amasu okuphatha amaphrojekthi asheshayo, ukuhlela kahle kwezezimali, nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwababambe iqhaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa kwephrojekthi ngempumelelo nangesikhathi. Ngokuqhubekayo sizoxoxa ngokuthi yimaphi amasu angasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezivame kakhulu.

Amasu okunqoba izinselele

Njengoba sesike sachaza, imiklamo emikhulu iza nezinselelo ezikhona, ngaleyo ndlela idinga izixazululo zamasu ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo. Ukukhumbula le mihlahlandlela kuzofaka isandla ekutholeni ukulawula okuthuthukisiwe kuphrojekthi yakho, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bayo.

1. Ukuzibophezela Kumaphrojekthi esikhathi eside, ubunikazi bangempela bemiphumela yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Umholi wephrojekthi kufanele azibophezele ngezinqumo ezinzima, akhuthaze ukuphepha kwengqondo ngaphakathi kweqembu. Lokhu kunikezwa amandla kusiza ukuthatha izinqumo ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokwesaba okungadingekile, kuvimbela amasu aqaphe ngokweqile kanye nezingxoxo zekomiti ezinde.
2. Ukunikeza ukwesekwa Ukuvikela ukuzibophezela kusenesikhathi kubaholi benkampani kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi ezingaba khona uma ukwesekwa kwabaphathi kungasebenzi. Ukuxoxisana ngemigomo kanye namamethrikhi empumelelo kusukela ekuqaleni kuvamile, kodwa kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, ukubambisana nochwepheshe bezezimali ukubikezela izinzuzo nezindleko zesikhathi esizayo kunikeza ukuguquguquka ekulungiseni ibhajethi.
3. Ukuphatha imigqa yesikhathi Ukulinganisa isikhathi nomzamo kumaphrojekthi ocwaningo nentuthuko anezinsuku zokugcina zomphakathi kungaba inselele, ikakhulukazi uma ingxenye yokugcina ijwayele ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Xhumana namadethi okulethwa njengobubanzi: idethi okuqondiwe kuyo ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kwamanje kanye nedethi yokuzibophezela ebonisa izinkinga ezingaba khona. Izilinganiso zokwehlisa ngokusobala zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana futhi ziqinisekise ukuhlela okucacile komsebenzi oncikile.
4. Ukwakha ukuzethemba Ukubhekana nokukhathazeka emiphakathini yendawo kubalulekile ukuze amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphumelele. Ukudala indawo ephephile yezingxoxo mayelana nokukhathazeka okuphuthumayo kanye nokunikeza izincazelo ezifika ngesikhathi zezindlela nezinhloso zephrojekthi kubalulekile. Ukufundisa amalungu omphakathi ngenjongo yephrojekthi, imiphumela elindelekile, izindleko, umugqa wesikhathi, kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi kukhuthaza umuzwa wokuqonda nokusebenzisana. Ngokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano nababambiqhaza, abahlinzeki bephrojekthi bangasungula isisekelo sokwethenjwa nokusekelwa komphakathi, baqinisekise ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi okushelelayo kanye nekusasa eliqhakazile lomphakathi.
5. Ukuqonda imakethe Ukubambezeleka, ukushoda, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindleko kubangela izinselele kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda. Ukuzulazula kulezi zithiyo, ukuqonda okujulile kokuguquguquka kwemakethe kanye nemithombo ehlukahlukene yokuhlinzeka kubalulekile. Ukuhlela okumatasa, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki bendawo, ukukhethwa kwabathengisi abavumelana nezimo, nokuqwashisa ngamathuba emakethe yezinto ezingavuthiwe, kuvumela izikhathi ezingokoqobo kanye nokuphathwa okuphumelelayo kokulindela. Uma kubhekwa izinselele ezihlukile ezindaweni ezihlukene, ucwaningo olunzulu ngaphambi kokuphothula izindawo zephrojekthi kanye nezinsuku zokugcina kubalulekile.

Amathuluzi okuphatha amaphrojekthi amakhulu

Kumaphrojekthi abanzi, ithimba le-Project Management Office (PMO) lingase lihlanganise abantu abaningi, ngamunye engamele iqembu elihlukile lomsebenzi. Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo amathuluzi ezishintshayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenzisana okungenazihibe kanye nokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwe-PMO, ukubhekana nezibopho nemisebenzi ehambisana nokuphatha amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi.

I-automation ihlanganisa izinhlelo ze-ERP ezisiza ukuphatha osonkontileka nosonkontileka abancane, ukugcina izinkontileka zibuyekeziwe, nokulawula isabelomali. I-BI (Business Intelligence) ingaba wusizo ngokukhethekile ekuhlaziyeni Izinkomba Zokusebenza Ezibalulekile (KPIs), futhi amathuluzi afana ne-MS Project noma okufana nawo, njengamashadi e-Gantt, imigqa yesikhathi, nesofthiwe yokuphatha umsebenzi, avame ukusetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi enkulu. .

Isoftware ye-ERP

Isoftware ye-ERP iyisixazululo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi esibhekana nezinselelo eziningi zebhizinisi, okuyenza ifanele izinkampani zabo bonke osayizi. Nazi izinkinga ezixazululwa ngempumelelo yi-ERP, ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo zangempela kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda.

Ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana

I-ERP ithatha ukubambisana kuye ezingeni eliphezulu ngokuhlanganisa idatha, ivumela amaqembu ukuthi asebenze ngokuhlangana kakhudlwana. Ngokugeleza komsebenzi okuthuthukisiwe, amaqembu avumelanisa imizamo yawo, aqinisekise ukusebenzisana okungenazihibe futhi akhuthaze indawo yokusebenza ngokubambisana.

Ukunemba kwesabelomali

Ukuhlanganisa izabelomali kumaphrojekthi amaningi kuba umsebenzi onzima, ikakhulukazi lapho iminyango eyahlukene isebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene zokulandela umkhondo. I-ERP ingenela ukuze iqondise izinqubo zesabelomali, iqinisekise ukulawula okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinselele ezingaba khona zesabelomali.

Ukuhlukanisa idatha

Idatha ehlanganisiwe ibeka inselele evamile emabhizinisini anamuhla, ivimbela ukubambisana kanye nokuvimbela ukubuka konke kokusebenza. I-ERP isebenza njengesixazululo ngokuhlanganisa idatha yenkampani ibe inkundla enobunye, enikeza umbono ophelele nowesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amaphutha afana nokungena kabili.

Ukubhekana ne-inventory complexities

Ukuphatha kahle i-inventory kufakazela ukuthi kunzima, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezibhekene nenqwaba yezinto nezigatshana. I-ERP yenza ukuphathwa kwempahla kube lula, inikeze imininingwane yesikhathi sangempela kumaleveli we-inventory kanye nokuqinisa ukulawula okuphelele.

Ukugeleza komsebenzi okungasebenzi

Ukungasebenzi kahle ekuhambeni komsebenzi kuvame ukuholela ezinseleleni zokuhambisana nokukhula kwebhizinisi. I-ERP idala inkundla ebumbene yedatha nokuxhumana, evumela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kuyo yonke iminyango namazinga, okuzuzisa ekugcineni. Ngakho-ke uma ibhizinisi lakho libhekana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zinselele, ukuhlola izixazululo ze-ERP kungaba ukhiye wokunqoba izinkinga ezivamile.

Business Intelligence

I-BI ibonakala ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane yabaphathi kumamethrikhi ochungechunge lokunikezela kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuthuthukiswa kwemizila yokusabalalisa. Ukwengeza, iqinisekisa ukubambelela ezivumelwaneni zezinga lesevisi, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukonke.

Inani eliyinhloko le-BI lisemandleni ayo okuqhuba izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha, ukuguqula idatha eluhlaza ibe ulwazi olusebenzisekayo olwazisa izenzo zamasu. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezibalo zifaka isandla esihlokweni senani esinezici eziningi ze-BI:

• Izibalo ezichazayo : ezinikeza imininingwane ezehlakalweni ezedlule nezamanje, lezi zibalo zithuthukisa ukuqonda futhi zihlonze izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe ngamadeshibhodi, ukubika, ukugcinwa kwedatha, namakhadi wamaphuzu.
• Izibalo eziqagelayo : kusetshenziswa ukumbiwa kwedatha, ukubikezela imodeli, nokufunda komshini, lezi zibalo ziphrojekthi yezehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo futhi zihlola ukuba nokwenzeka kokuvela kwazo.
• Ukuhlaziya okushiwo : ukuveza izenzo ezifanele okufanele zithathwe, ukuhlaziya okushiwoyo kunika amandla ukulungiselelwa, ukulingisa, kanye nemodeli yesinqumo, okuhlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kokuthatha izinqumo unolwazi.

Njengesibonelo, ngingathanda ukuqamba i-Cementos Argos, inkampani kasimende evelele esebenza kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika, ebonisa umthelela wokuguqula we-BI. Ibhekene nesidingo senzuzo yokuncintisana kanye nokwenza izinqumo okuthuthukisiwe, inkampani yasungula isikhungo esizinikele sokuhlaziya ibhizinisi. Ngokutshala imali kubahlaziyi bebhizinisi abanolwazi namaqembu esayensi yedatha, i-Cementos Argos yasebenzisa i-BI ukuze ilinganise izinqubo zezezimali futhi ithole imininingwane ejulile ngokuziphatha kwamakhasimende, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu enzuzo.

Ukukhetha izixazululo ezisebenzayo

Ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele namasu kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele noma iyiphi iphrojekthi. Ngokucabangela lezi zici, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho ukhetha amathuluzi okuphatha amaphrojekthi amakhulu ahambisana nezidingo eziyingqayizivele kanye namandla amaphrojekthi akho.

Ukufinyeleleka

Enkathini yangemva kwe-COVID, ukufinyeleleka kubaluleke kakhulu, kucatshangelwa izindawo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Amathuluzi okuphatha amaphrojekthi wokwakha angcono kakhulu asuselwa kumafu/kuwebhu, anikeza ukufinyeleleka kunoma yikuphi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukubika okunamandla

Ukuze ulawule amaphrojekthi wokwakha ngempumelelo, ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela luyadingeka. Khetha amathuluzi ahlinzeka ngokubika okusheshayo, uqinisekise ukuthi unemininingwane yakamuva kakhulu yokwenza izinqumo unolwazi.

Ukwesekwa okuqinile

Ngisho namathuluzi angcono kakhulu angase ahlangabezane nezinselele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Khetha izixazululo kubahlinzeki abanokwesekwa kwamakhasimende okuthembekile, uqinisekise usizo olusheshayo lapho kudingeka.

Ukuphepha kwedatha

Ngokunikezwa kwevelu nokuzwela kwedatha yokwakha, beka phambili amathuluzi ngezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, cwaninga umhlinzeki wesofthiwe, uqonde imigomo yokusebenzisa, futhi uthole izivumelwano zokuphepha ezisetshenzisiwe ukuze uvikele idatha yenkampani yakho.

Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo

Qaphela ukuthi isisombululo sesofthiwe esisodwa singase singagcwalisi zonke izidingo zakho zokuphatha iphrojekthi. Khetha amathuluzi ahlanganisa kalula nokusetha kwakho okukhona, okuvumela isixazululo esingokwezifiso nesihlangene.

Kafushane, ukuphatha amaphrojekthi amakhulu kuza nezinselelo ezinzima, njengokuxhumanisa amaqembu emisebenzi ahlukene kanye nokuphatha ubungozi bezezimali. I-ERP ne-BI, ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokulawula futhi ithole imininingwane ewusizo kudatha enkulu, ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele okuphatha iphrojekthi kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwenkampani yakho. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sinikeze imininingwane ebalulekile ekucatshangelweni okubalulekile kwenqubo yakho yokuhlola.