Ingabe ufuna ukushumeka kokuthunyelwe kwebhizinisi lakho lokusebenza kwe-WhatsApp kanye ne-Facebook Messenger? I-Matthew Rosenfeld (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Moxie Marlinspike) u-cryptographer e-American futhi umbhali we-privacy-focused digital tools for everyone. I-Marlinspike yasungulwa ekupheleni kweminyaka eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni eminyakeni Okokuqala kwe-2000s, wahlala i-sailboat enhle nabasebenzisi, wahlala, futhi wayeholela e-Bahamas ngenkathi ukunakekela uhambo ku-film project ebizwa ngokuthi 'Hold Fast'. I-passion yayo yokuhamba lihlanganisa ukujabulela ubuchwepheshe, lapho uye wahlala igama elilodwa ngokufunda izinzuzo kwezinkqubo zokhuseleko ze-Internet. I-cypherpunks yokuqala I-cypherpunks yokuqala Ayikwazanga kuphela izinzuzo; futhi wabhala izindlela zokuphucula kwabo, njenge-projekthi yakhe ebizwa ngokuthi Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahlala inkonzo ezifana ne-GoogleSharing, okuvumela abantu ukuhlola inthanethi ngokumangalisayo. Ukusebenza kwayo lithunyelwe amazwe amabhizinisi amakhulu, futhi engaphezu kwalokho, wahlala izivakashi zokuphepha ku-Twitter, isebenza esifundeni sokuvumela ukujabulela okungaphezulu. By the end of that decade, Marlinspike had already shaken things up with research on SSL, the system meant to keep online browsing secure. Ukuhlobisa Ukuhlobisa Ngemuva kokufakwa ku-Twitter, i-Marlinspike uye wahlanganyela amandla emikhulu ekukhiqizeni izixhobo zokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kweminyaka, i-projects yayo wahlanganyela ukhuseleko kwama-millions of people who wanted their conversations to remain private. Ngemuva kwalokho, yonke le nentuthuko wenza into enhle kakhulu: ukwakhiwa kwe-Signal app kanye ne-encryption protocol ebhokisini. I-No Network Effect Umzekelo ukuthi i-Marlinspike isekelwe izixhobo eziningi zokuxhumana kubaluleke ngenxa yayo. The "No Network Effect" - noma ukhetho ukuthi akuyona okungenani okungenani ukhetho. Qinisekisa ukuthi uzodinga ukuba akuyona smartphone. Ebhokisi, kuyinto ukhetho ukuthi uzodinga ukwenza. Kodwa lapho ama-friends akho zihlanganisa phakathi kunazo zihlanganisa ngokufanayo, lapho ukufinyelela emoyeni kufuneka ikhodi yedijithali, futhi lapho i-group chats yenza indlela abantu ukuxhumana, le "ukwahluko" ibonakalisa okungaphansi ngokuvumelana nokuhlukaniswa. Isixhobo uqala njenge-optional, kodwa uma wonke umuntu uyakufaka, ukufinyelela kubalulekile ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwe-rhythm ye-society. U-Double U-Double I-Telefoni iyona umzekelo enhle. Zihlanganisa izindlela ezidlulileyo ze-coordination, njenge-akhawunti e-street spot kanye nokuhlanganisa. Ngoku, uma unayo, ungenza ngenxa yokuhlanganisa uhlelo olandelayo. The illusion of choice is there—you can refuse the device—but the cost is high: missed connections, social isolation, even reduced access to basic services. Kuyinto ebalulekile ngenxa ye-privacy ngenxa yokuba ama-technology ezininzi zihlanganisa ngokuhambelana nokuhambisa. Ngokuye, ukuhlangabezana ne-No Network Effect akufanele akuvumela ukuthuthukiswa ngokugcwele, kodwa ukuhlangabezana nezixhobo ezinikezele ukuthi sinikezela ukuhlangabezana ngaphandle kokuzihlanganisa. Ukusebenza kwe-Moxie, njenge-creation ye-apps amaningi, ibonisa indlela elandelayo: ukwakhiwa izindlela ezingenalutho ezinikezele ekubeni kwenethiwekhi (ngaphandle kwe-society) bese ukugcina ubumfihlo lethu enhle. I-Open Whisper Systems Ngokuvamile, kusukela ngo-2010, i-Marlinspike kanye ne-robotist uStuart Anderson waya i-startup encane ebizwa ngokuthi I-Idea yayo yaziwa elula kodwa enhle: ukwakha izixhobo zokwenza ama-smartphones ezininzi ezingenalutho futhi ezingenalutho. Thina futhi wahlala i-WhisperCore, uhlelo yokuvimbela yonke into efakwe ku-smartphone, kanye nezinye izicelo ezifana ne-WhisperMonitor ne-Flashback. Lezi ziprojekthi ziye kuphela ama-experiments; ziye ziye zitholele abantu abadala ukulawula okungcono idatha yabo. Imikhiqizo Letihlobene Among their creations was TextSecure, which allowed private text messaging, and RedPhone, which enabled encrypted calls. Imikhiqizo Letihlobene Ngemuva kwalokho, ngo-2011, i-Twitter ibhizinisi i-Whisper Systems. I-interest yokuqala yinkampani yandisa ubuchwepheshe we-Marlinspike ekhompyutha yayo yayo, futhi ngenkathi ezinye izinhlelo zithunyelwe ngokushesha, i-Twitter ngokushesha ivumela i-TextSecure ne-RedPhone njenge-open-source. Lezi zinyathelo zithunyelwe ukufinyelela kwe-community eningi, ukuhlinzeka ukuthi isofthiwe uyaqhubeka ukwandisa ngaphandle kokuphumula. I-Marlinspike wahlala i-Twitter ngo-2013, kodwa akuyona ekupheleni isicelo esifundeni kwakhe ekuqaleni. Ngonyaka elifanayo, wahlala i-Open Whisper Systems, okusheshayo njengeprojekthi ye-collaborative eyenziwe nge-volunteers ne-subsidies amancane. Ngemuva kwalokho, umbhalo waqala ukufinyelela umbhali okwengeziwe. It carried forward the development of TextSecure and RedPhone, eventually in November 2015 under a single new name: Signal. Ukuqhathanisa Ukuqhathanisa Ukuqhathanisa I-Signal Protocol I-Signal yakhula kwezofthiwe ezidlulileyo ezifana ne-TextSecure, kodwa isisekelo se-cypherpunk esekelwe kwakhona: I-Off-the-Record Messaging (OTR), eyakhiwe ngo-2004 ngu-Of-the-Record. U-OTR yasungula izakhiwo ezifana ne-forward secrecy kanye ne-negable authentication, futhi i-Marlinspike yasungulwa ezivela ku-protokolls ezihambelana nezimo ze-mobile networks, ukuxhuma okuqhubekayo, nokusetshenziswa kwe-multi-device, okwenza ukuxhumana kwe-encrypted ngokuvamile ezisebenzayo ku-smartphones. U-Ian Goldberg U-Ian Goldberg Ngokusho, i I-Double Ratchet algorithm futhi i-prekeys ephemeral zihlanganisa izindlela ezininzi ezihlangene zokubhalisa - ukuze zibe izivumelwano ezingenalutho, ngisho uma umuntu akufanele ukradla izibuyekezo ezidlulile. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuba uma umyalezo omnye akuvimbele, izivumelwano ezidlulileyo nezidlulele zibe ezingenalutho. I-Signal Protocol The protocol became the backbone of the Signal app, which offers encrypted calls, texts, and media sharing across mobile and desktop. I-Signal Protocol Ngo-2018, i-Marlinspike yasungula i-Signal Foundation neBrian Acton, ebonakalisa i-$50 million e-financing ukuze kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yakhelwe ngokuzimela kanye ne-open-source. Ngokuqala ku-2025, i-Signal 70 million abasebenzisi abasebenzayo futhi ezingaphezu kuka-220 million ukulayishwa, isibonelo yokuphakama kwehlabathi. Ngena ngemva Ngena ngemva Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ye-Signal ivela ngaphezu kwe-app yayo. I-WhatsApp, i-Google Messages, i-Skype, ne-Facebook Messenger's "I-Secret Conversations" zihlanganisa i-Signal Protocol, okwenza ukuxhumana okuhambelana kwezigidi abantu emhlabeni wonke. Ukubuyekezwa kwama-Eduard Snowden Njengomthombo owaziwa kumadivayisi nabasebenzi, kanti ezinye izivumelwano zithintela ukucubungula okuqinile njengomthombo yokuxhumana. Lolu hlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo luhlobo. Kutholela Kutholela Ukulungiswa kwe-Web3 Marlinspike wathi I-Web3 ingaba i-imeyili enhle, enhle yokuxhumana ne-crypto-related software ngokuvamile, kodwa i-Marlinspike ingaba iye yenza isisombululo ekusebenziseni, nangokuthi uye wathetha ngokuvamile ku-Ethereum. Izingubo ezimbini Izingubo ezimbini I-Ethereum inikeza inkinga: Amaklayenti amaningi nama-app zihlanganisa nge-infura kanye ne-Alchemy. He noted that while the idea of returning to a decentralized Internet is attractive, in practice, many people don’t want to run their own infrastructure Ngokwenza lokhu, ukulawula kubandakanya inkonzo amancane, okuvimbela izixazululo ze-Web3. Ngisho izikhwama afana ne-MetaMask zihlanganisa lezi zebhizinisi, ngakho-ke lapho izikhwama zihlanganisa noma ukuguqulwa izinto, kungenzeka ukuba zihambe kusuka ku-wallet yakho ngaphandle kokubili okungenani. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ucwaningo ukuthi centralization isihlukile kuphela ngenxa yokusebenza, kodwa futhi ngenxa indlela inethiwekhi yenzelwe. I-architecture ngokuvamile ibonise iningi amandla abasebenzisi ngokwenene. Kwi-Ethereum, izimo zofuzo zobuchwepheshe zihlukile abantu ngokushesha ku-intermediaries amaningi. Ama-networks ezinye, kunjalo, zihlukile izindlela ezahlukene. Kuyinto inikeza abantu izinga eliphezulu lokuphendula kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka. , for instance, is built on a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and has no miners, “validators”, or other middlemen deciding what transactions go through Ukubuyekezwa Ukubuyekezwa Ukubuyekezwa Kwangathi, akukho uhlelo akufinyelela ukuxhaswa okuhle, kunjalo. I-Crypto ibhekwa kwebhizinisi ezivamile kanye nama-wallet ukuhlangabezana nezwehlabathi ezivamile. Kodwa lokhu kuyinto uchungechunge oluthile ukunikeza abantu ukulawula kakhulu. Njengoba uMarlinspike ngokuvamile : Usuku olulodwa Usuku olulodwa "Uma kufuneka akufanele ukugcina, ngisho uma amabhange zihlukile futhi izindandatho zehlabathi zihlukile. Kuyinto okuvumela thina ukuhlangabezana ne-institutionalization yayo izidingo zethu, i-bureaucracy ebuthukile, i-language ye-patriarchy, noma konke okufakiwe. " **Read more from the Cypherpunks Write Code series: Tim May & I-crypto-anarchism I-Wei Dai & i-B-money U-Nick Szabo & I-Smart Contracts I-Adam Back & I-Hashcash U-Eric Hughes & I-Remailer I-St Jude and Community Memory I-Julian Assange kanye ne-WikiLeaks Hal Finney & RPOW UJohn Gilmore & I-EFF Satoshi Nakamoto & Bitcoin U-Gregory Maxwell no-Bitcoin Core UDavid Chaum & Ecash I-Vinay Gupta & Mattereum Jim Bell & Assassination Policy Peter Todd & I-Bitcoin Core I-Len Sassaman & I-Remailers I-Eva Galperin vs. I-Stalkerware I-Suelette Dreyfus & I-Free Speech I-John Callas & I-Privacy Tools U-Bruce Schneier ngokuvumelana ne-Blockchain Ian Goldberg futhi Netscape I-Amir Taaki & i-DarkFi I-Zooko Wilcox & Zcash Tim May & I-crypto-anarchism I-Wei Dai & i-B-money U-Nick Szabo & I-Smart Contracts I-Adam Back & I-Hashcash U-Eric Hughes & I-Remailer I-St Jude and Community Memory I-Julian Assange kanye ne-WikiLeaks Hal Finney & RPOW UJohn Gilmore & I-EFF Satoshi Nakamoto & Bitcoin U-Gregory Maxwell no-Bitcoin Core UDavid Chaum & Ecash I-Vinay Gupta & Mattereum Jim Bell & Assassination Policy Peter Todd & I-Bitcoin Core I-Len Sassaman & I-Remailers I-Eva Galperin vs. I-Stalkerware I-Suelette Dreyfus & I-Free Speech I-John Callas & I-Privacy Tools U-Bruce Schneier ngokuvumelana ne-Blockchain Ian Goldberg futhi Netscape I-Amir Taaki & i-DarkFi Ukukhishwa kweVector Image by Garry Killian / Freepik I-Freepik Umbhalo we-Moxie Marlinspike ngu-Christopher Michel / Waze Waze
