I-strange is a think that while a significant portion of the Earth's population still lacks access to the internet, clean water, medicine, and other basic necessities, another part is engxolene in a hunt for a form of temporal warfare. In this scenario, for some, it's about a present that has yet to unfold, while for others, it's already an established future. MEV-- essentially I-MEV—ukudluliselwa I-MEV—ukudluliselwe Let ushiye konke ngezinyathelo ngezinyathelo futhi zihlanganisa ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo ukuhlangabezana ne-MEV bots. Kodwa isibuyekezo ibheka-ukuba kufanele siphinde kubo? I-Bots ye-MEV – Yini? I-MEV Bots – Yini? Kwenziwe ngempumelelo, i-MEV bots iyiphi okungenani engaphezulu kunezinto ze-AI. Nakuba zihlanganisa nezinhlelo ezivamile, zihlanganisa inkampani ephelele ye-smart contracts kanye nezinhlelo ezengeziwe (njenge-mini-oracles kanye ne-daemons ezivela ku-blockchain) ezisungulwe ukukhiqiza imali kusuka ku-on-chain activities. Ngibeka isihloko ukuthi i-bot yokuqala okuzenzakalelayo ye-AI kuyoba omunye esebenza node ephelele futhi isebenzisa izipho zayo "ukuvumela ubomi yayo? a16z a16z a16z I-MEV bots (I-Maximum Extractable Value) iyisofthiwe okuzenzakalelayo ezohlisa i-blockchains kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo ukuze zithole izinzuzo eliphezulu kakhulu ngokuvimbela isakhiwo se-block kanye ne-transaction validation process. Wasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, ezifana: – ukubeka kwezohwebo ngaphambi kwezohwebo ezinzima abasebenzisi. I-Front-running I-Front-running Front-running Front-running - Ukukhishwa kwezohwebo ngaphambi kwe-transaction enkulu ukuze zibonise izindleko. I-Sandwich Attacks I-Sandwich Attacks Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Sandwich - Ukuphumelela kokuphumelela kwamahhala phakathi kwebhizinisi ezivamile. I-Arbitrage I-Arbitrage I-Arbitrage I-Liquidations Imininingwane Imininingwane Ukuhlola kanjani i-bot? Ngozi lokhu: Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungcono ukuthi ingxenye ye-backend yayo ibonakala, ibekwe ku-smart contract: – sicela ushiye ukuthi le mkhosi inikeza umsebenzi we-ReInit. https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000003b3cc22af3ae1eac0440bcee416b40#code https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000003b3cc22af3ae1eac0440bcee416b40#code https://etherscan.io/address/0x00000000003b3cc22af3ae1eac0440bcee416b40#code I-Type ye-MEV Bots I-Type ye-MEV Bots I-MEV bots ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana: I-Liquidity Ibhothi ye-Arbitrage – zitholela izixazululo zokushintshwa phakathi kwebhizinisi ze-DEX. Ibhothi ze-Front-running – zitholela i-transactions zabo ngaphambi kwe-user transactions ukuze zitholele imali. Ibhothi ze-Sandwich – zitholela imizuzu e-DEX ngokufaka ama-trades emabhodini ye-user's transaction. – zitholela Ibhothi ze-Time-Bandit I-Arbitrage bots – zibonisa izinga lokuphakama phakathi kwebhizinisi ze-DEX. Bots-Front-running - zihlanganisa imisebenzi zabo ngaphambi kwamakhasimende abasebenzisi ukuze uthole profit. I-Sandwich bots – zihlanganisa izindleko ku-DEX ngokufaka ama-trades ezimbini zezindiza ze-user. I-Bots ye-Liquidation - zihlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-subcollateralized borrower positions. - Lezi zithunyelwe ukubhalisa umlando we-blockchains nge-rewards eyenziwe. I-Bots ye-Time-Bandit I-Bots ye-Time-Bandit I-Bots ye-Time-Bandit Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinokufumana ama-bots e-hybrid abasebenzisa izinhlamvu eziningana yokufinyelela imiphumela yayo ekupheleni. Kodwa lokhu kuphela isakhiwo. Thina ucwaningo izibalo – izibonelo zokusebenza ezidlulileyo kanye nezibonelo zebhizinisi zebhizinisi ezidlulile. I-MEV Statistics I-MEV Imininingwane Ukuhlola ezinye iziphakamiso ebalulekile kulesi isixhumanisi: . collective.flashbots.net/t/publishing-flashbots-protect-and-mev-share-data/3087 collective.flashbots.net/t/publishing-flashbots-protect-and-mev-share-data/3087 collective.flashbots.net/t/publishing-flashbots-protect-and-mev-share-data/3087 Ukwazi ukucubungula ulwazi oluthile isikhathi esifanayo usebenzisa le link: . https://dune.com/defi_wonderland/mev-bots https://dune.com/defi_wonderland/mev-bots https://dune.com/defi_wonderland/mev-bots Ngemuva kwalokho, ngithombe i-screenshot - ngisho nangeminyaka embalwa, kuyinto enhle kakhulu ngokwemvelo: And the most telling highlight: Izibonelo ze-Attack Ngaphandle kweminyaka embalwa, i-trader ye-cryptocurrency ~$732,583 e-USDC ngama-$18,636 e-USDT phezu emahhovisi amabili, ebangeni isivakashi esikhulu se-sandwich. I-swapped swapped swapped I-trader usebenzisa i-USDC-USDT liquidity pool ku-Uniswap V3. Ngokusho , umbhali we-MEV uqala ukuhweba we-trader, okwenza isisindo sokushintshwa phakathi kwama-assets ezimbili. I-bot kwenziwa futhi umbhali we-block builder bobTheBuilder ukuhlola ukuhweba kwayo kuqala. Michael Nadeau, umbhali we-The DeFi Report Michael Nadeau, umbhali we-The DeFi Report Michael Nadeau, umbhali we-The DeFi Report Ukuvelisa izinzuzo, umdlavuza usebenzisa isofthiwe ye-bot esizayo ukucacisa i-meppool ngenxa ye-transactions ye-swap emikhulu, ezihlangene ku-platforms ezihlangene. Umdlavuza uqala izinzuzo ezimbili - eyodwa ngaphambi kwe-swap yama-victim - okwenza "i-sandwich". I-transactions yokuqala iye yandisa i-price ye-token yama-victim eyenza ukuthenga. Umdlavuza uyenza ngempumelelo ngokuthengiselela izindleko ezingaphezu. Let’s look at another similar case: I-transaction kanye ne-screenshot yokufaka ngokushesha: (ngezansi): link link ink Sihlola ukuthi $220,762.89 USDC lithunyelwe e-Uniswap V3 pool kuphela $5,271.11 USDT, okuyinto, ngokuvamile, engaphansi kwe-ideal – okwenza isisindo se-$214K jikelele. Khanye, kubaluleke ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ibhizinisi yesibili ku-block futhi ibhizinisi lokuqala yebhizinisi lomsebenzisi. Ukuqala ukuhweba kwe-block, i-Bot ye-MEV ibhizinisi i-Uniswap, okwenza isisombululo (ngokusho): . Futhi lokhu kungcono: (I-screenshot ifakwe ngezansi). link link ink Nge-transaction ngokuvamile, i-cross-loan enhle (AAVE) yasungulwa, ezilandelayo i-swap (Curve + Uniswap). Ngenxa yalokho, i-$18 million enhle yasungulwa ngempumelelo ku-Uniswap pool, okwenza isilinganiso esikhulu: And now— this is crucial! I-transaction elilandelayo ku-block yasungulwa nangokuthi i-MEV bot, lapho ibhizinisi yasungulwe. I-transaction . Futhi lokhu kubona kanjani: (i-screenshot ifakwe ngezansi): link link ink Ngoko ke, thina usihlobene lapha? Ngokusho — a classic sandwich attack! (I-There is a strong suspicion that such an attack would not be possible without collusion with the . Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-block iqukethe kuphela izimali ezingu-8, okuyinto enhle ngokuvamile ngokuvumelana nokusebenza kwebhizinisi elandelayo.) block producer I-block producer I-block producer Yini okunye kufanele ukwazi? Sihlola i-logs yeendaba yokuqala : transaction ukudluliselwa I-transaction Yini thina ufunde lapha? Yini thina ukhangela lapha? Ukuhlaziywa: I-Input/I-Output Ubuningi I-Liquidity Tick Input / Output Ubuningi I-Liquidity Tick Ukuhlobisa kanjani? Yini i-tick? Let’s refer to the original : Ngokusho ukunikezela i-liquidity ku-Uniswap, i-tick iyinhlanganisela elincinane esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga lokushintshana ezithile lapho i-liquidity ingatholakala: isource isource Source Wonke i-tick ibonisa ingxenye encane ye-price space lapho i-liquidity ingatholakala. Wonke i-liquidity level has its own tick spacing, okuyinto inikeza ama-pools ukucubungula i-liquidity ngokushesha. I-tick spacing ibonise ukuthi izinga le-pricing ingatholakala ngokushesha. Okuningi le tick ibonisa ingxenye encane yezinga lokushintshwa lapho izinga lwezinsizakalo zingatholakala. Wonke isilinganiso isilinganiso ine-tick spacing yayo, okuholela ama-pools ukucubungula i-liquidity ngempumelelo. I-tick spacing ibonise ukuthi izinga lokushintshwa kwama-prize kungase ku-liquidity placement. I-Example: izinga lokushicilela ezincinane zithumela ukujabulela okuqhubekayo kwezimpahla ezisebenzayo, okuvumela ama-liquidity providers ukunciphisa izinga lokushicilela ngokuphathelene. Imininingwane: I-Basis Points (bps), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-"bips", iyindlela eyodwa yokubonisa imibuzo yesigidi yama-prize e-pool. 1 tick = 1 bip = 0.01% (noma 0.0001 ku-decimal). I-Tick izindleko zihlanganisa kusuka ku-887,272 kuya ku-887,272 ku-Uniswap v3. I-Basis Points (i-bps), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bips, iyindlela eyengeziwe yokubonisa imibuzo ye-percentage yama-price e-pool. 1 tick = 1 bip = 0.01% (noma 0.0001 ku-decimal). Imininingwane ze-Tick zihlanganisa kusuka ku-887,272 kuya ku-887,272 ku-Uniswap v3. I-Tick Spacing ibonise izindawo ezivamile ze-tick ezingenalutho ezingenalutho nezingane ze-liquidity. Ama-tick angakwazi ukuguqulwa izindleko – zonke izindawo ze-Uniswap v3 zihlanganisa izindleko ezimbili, zihlanganisa njenge-token0 ne-token1. Ndiya, sicela usebenzise lokhu ngokuvamile: Uniswap isebenzisa isisombululo intengo: Price = 1.0001^{tick}, Uma siphinde tick = -38716, siphinde: Price = 1.0001^{-38716} ≈ 0.02083. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuba ixabiso ye-pool yakhelwe ku-1 USDC = 0.02083 USDT, okuyinto ivimbele ngokuphelele ku-exchange rate enhle (~1:1). Lezi zingawulo lwekhwalithi yakhuthaza ngqo isivakashi se-MEV, okuvumela i-bot ukuba isebenzisa i-liquidity pool ebuthakeme. I-Note ebalulekile Izithombe ze-sandwich attacks kanye nemiphumela emikhulu ye-swap ingathandwa ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa i-hacker transactions. Lezi zibonelelo zihlanganisa izivakashi ze-arbitrage bot, okuyinto ama-hackers ngokuvakasha. Ngokusho lokuqala, kubonakala ukuthi umthengisi onentshisekelo akuyona imali. Ngokwenene, ama-attackers zihlanganisa izindleko ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ze-arbitrage etholakalayo nge-software etholakalayo. I-part enhle? Ama-assets e-blacklisted zihlanganiswa njengezinzuzo ze-bot trading, zihlanganisa izinhlelo eziningi zokulawula. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izindlela ezithile zisetshenziselwa i-Lazarus Group. I-Source: . I-Lazarus is a sandwich-attacking its own trades to launder crypto Lazarus is sandwich-attacking its own trades to launder crypto Lazarus is sandwich-attacking its own trades to wash crypto Techniques, Izindlela, kanye nezinhlelo zokusiza Techniques, Izindlela, nezinhlelo zokhuseleko I-Method #00: Ukuhlolwa Ukulungiselela kuphela imizuzu ye-1-3 ukuhlola i-contract esebenzayo, ukuhlola umlando we-transaction, futhi ukubuyekeza ama-input / i-output parameters kunokwenzeka kakhulu kunezinye. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo: Ukuhlola i-Rekt kanye nemisindo efanayo. Ukuhlola ngezindlela ezintsha zokuthutha kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuthutha kwe-MEV. Ukuhlola i-Rekt kanye nemisindo efanayo. Ukuhlaziywa nge-attack new vectors kanye ne-MEV exploitation techniques ezintsha. I-Method #01: Isisombululo se-Manual – Don't Overpay Ngaphandle kokuba zihlanganisa ukulawula i-swaps emikhulu ngokushesha, ngicabanga ukuchithwa kwezimali zamazwe amancane – ngisho noma ibhola kubonakala ephelele. (Ngokusho i-swaps: I-strategies ye-curve I-curve strategies I-curve strategies isihloko Imininingwane isihloko isihloko Yes, lokhu kungabangela njengendlela primitive, futhi kungabangela izindleko zokuhweba, kodwa akuyona engcono ukulayisha izindleko ngaphezulu kunoma ingxenye ephakeme yedolobha yakho ngenxa ye-swap elula? Let usebenzisa izibonelo ezidlulileyo: ngisho uma i-bot wathatha umdlali wahlanganyela i-$220K nge-$5K, kodwa umdlali wahlanganyela kuphela i-$10K ekuqaleni, ukuthatha cishe i-$1K, izivakashi ezilandelayo zihlanganisa ngokushesha, ukuhlangabezana kwezimali amakhulu. I-Method #02: Isisombululo se-Semi-Automatic – Ukulawula Ukuhlobisa Uyazi ngokuvamile ukuthi i-slipperage yintoni (ukuba akuyona, uchofoza ukuhlaziywa). But lapha ingxenye ebalulekile: manually setting, test, and understanding slippage is one of the most critical self-protection tools in DeFi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenza i-1: 1 swap futhi ngemuva kokuhweba i-100 izitolo, uzothola kuphela i-98, ke isilinganiso yakho yasungulwa ku-2%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye ama-aggregators zithuthukisa i-swaps embalwa. Lezi zindlela zibonisa inani elincinci esithathwe ngoba ama-super-nodes (eyaziwayo ezahlukile) zithuthukisa: Izindleko ze-Fee; I-Routing Efficiency; I-MEV Protection Strategies. Izindleko ze-Fee; Ukulungiswa kwe-routing; I-MEV ukhuseleko zomthetho. Kwa lokhu, ukucaciswa kwe-slipperage kuyinto ezidingekayo (okungabikho) isilinganiso ku-DeFi. I-Method #03: Ukufinyelela okuzenzakalelayo – I-RPC Yini izibonelo ezimbili. Izibonelo yokuqala: . Ungathola i-wallet yakho ngokuzenzakalelayo – nje ubeka ikheli lakho ku-field efanayo: gashawk.io gashawk.io gashawk.io And then it’s simple: Suka ku-dAPP. I-Connect your wallet. Suka ku-RPC. Go ukuze dAPP. I-Connect your wallet. Ukulungiselela i-RPC. Izibonelo yesibini: . Isikhathi esifanayo-ukuvumela nokufaka izinga. protect.flashbots.net/summary protect.flashbots.net/summary protect.flashbots.net/summary I-Method #04: Ukufinyelela okuzenzakalelayo – Amagregators Nokho, akuyona kuphela ama-aggregators - amaningi ama-AMMs (DEXs) zihlola izindlela zokhuseleko kubasebenzisi zabo: Nge-screenshot ephakeme, ngifake ukhuseleko we-MEV ku-PancakeSwap futhi ngifake ngempumelelo: Ngemuva kwalokho, Ngingathola nge-swaps. Kulesi isibonelo, kuyinto engaphakathi, kodwa lokhu kuyinto ingozi yokuhlanganisa. Phakathi ne-aggregators, ngithole i-1inch ne-Odos. Nokho, ungakwazi futhi ukuhlola i-DeFiLlama (i-meta-aggregator) ne-Paraswap. Ukuqaleni Ukuhlaziywa Wagcina ukuthi i-MEV isetshenziselwa kuphela emithombo emibi—okungenalokho! Ngiyazi isibonelo esidlulile: Flashblocks kuyinto ubuchwepheshe eyakhelwe ngokuvumelana ne-Flashbots, inkampani eyaziwa izixhobo zayo ze-Ethereum kanye nezisombululo ezitholakala ze-MEV. I-Flashblocks inikeza isivinini sokusebenza sokusebenza ngokushesha ama-blocks e-pre-confirmed ngamahilisi angu-200, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuguqulwa kwamahhala. I-DAO emangalisayo, i-Uniswap, ivumela isixazululo esifanayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi se-block ku-Unichain kuya ku-0.25. I-Architecture ye-Flashblocks yakhelwe izindlela ezivamile ze-block propagation kanye ne-execution, ezifana ne-"shreds" ku-Solana ne-"data squares" ku-Celestia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Base isebenza futhi kulokhu. Ngokuthi, kuyoba ikhona emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni emzimbeni! I-dark forest ukudluliselwa ukudluliselwa Imininingwane mev.wiki flashbots.net explore.flashbots.net mev.wiki mev.wiki mev.wiki flashbots.net flashbots.net flashbots.net explore.flashbots.net explore.flashbots.net explore.flashbots.net protect.flashbots.net/explorer protect.flashbots.net/explorer protect.flashbots.net/explorer dune.com/hildobby/sandwiches dune.com/hildobby/sandwiches dune.com/hildobby/sandwiches github.com/flashbots/mev-explore-public github.com/flashbots/mev-explore-public github.com/flashbots/mev-explore-public https://bankless.ghost.io/rise-of-the-liquidity-robots- https://bankless.ghost.io/rise-of-the-liquidity-robots- https://bankless.ghost.io/rise-of-the-liquidity-robots-
