![Search icon](https://hackernoon.imgix.net/search-new.png?w=19&h=19)
Umzi-mveliso wokhathalelo lwempilo uhlala uthatha iminyaka ukwamkela itekhnoloji entsha kuba kufuneka utsibe kwiihops ezininzi zolawulo. Noko ke, indlela abasabela ngayo kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa yahlukile. Iingcali ezingenakubalwa sele zizama uqikelelo lwe-AI kunye nesakhono sokuhlalutya ukulungelelanisa uxilongo.
Abaphandi kutsha nje babanga ukuba i-AI inokuchonga uhlobo lwesifo umntu anaso-kwaye ukuba uqhubele phambili kangakanani-ngokujonga nje emlonyeni wabo. Le teknoloji iye yahamba indlela ende, kodwa ngaba inokuqikelela izifo zisebenzisa imibala yolwimi kuphela ukuxilongwa?
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseMbindi yobuGcisa eBaghdad, e-Iraq, nakwiYunivesithi yaseMzantsi Australia e-Adelaide, e-Australia, kutshanje ifumene iteknoloji ye-AI inokuhlalutya imibala yolwimi ukuze ixilongwe. Baphuhlise inkqubo yokubona ikhompyutha eyenza kwaye ihlukanise imifanekiso isebenzisa imifuziselo yendawo enemibala, ebonelela ngamaxabiso anokulinganiswa kwiimibala kunye nokukhanya.
Basebenzisa amawaka eemifanekiso zoqeqesho kunye novavanyo, uninzi lwazo zivela kwiSibhedlele sokufundisa i-Al-Hussein e-Iraq kunye neMosul General Hospital eMosul. Baqeqeshe imodeli kubantu bokwenyani abanezifo zokwenyani, hayi iseti yedatha eyenziweyo. Umahluko onje ubalulekile xa uphuhlisa isixhobo seenjongo zokuxilonga.
Abaphandi bahlela imifanekiso kwiindidi ezipinki, ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, eziphuzi, eziluhlaza, eziluhlaza okanye ezingwevu ukuze iimodeli zabo zichonge imibala phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko yokukhanya. Baqeqeshe abasixhenxe bebonke. Eyona iphezulu kakhulu yakhiwe nge-Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) - ithala leencwadi elivulekileyo lokufunda koomatshini - apho
Iziphumo zabo zandothusa. Ngeliphandle, bendingalindelanga ukuba inkqubo yabo igqwese iingcali zonyango. Nangona amaqela ophando ahlukeneyo aphuhlise imizekelo efanayo yokuxilonga kwezinye iinjongo, bambalwa abachanekileyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba noogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo abanamava eminyaka bayifumana ngokufanelekileyo
Ndiya kuvuma, ndacinga ukujonga ulwimi ukuqikelela isifo esingaqhelekanga. Kwakubonakala ngathi yindlela abantu ababeza ngayo ngaphambi kokuba amayeza anamhlanje abekho. Ukuthetha kakuhle, ndandichanile. Ukusebenzisa imibala yolwimi ukuxilongwa kusekwe kunyango lwaseTshayina oneminyaka engama-2,000 ubudala.
Kuzo zonke iimpawu zolwimi, kuquka ukumila, ukumila nokufuma, umbala
Ububomvu bunokuthetha ukuba ndinomkhuhlane ophezulu ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukunqongophala kwevithamin. Uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho a
Ngelixa iingcali zonyango zineenkqubo ezininzi zokuxilonga, uninzi lusajonga iilwimi kuba zimbalwa iimeko ezichaphazela umbala walo. Ukuba kukho umbala obonakalayo, banokucutha ingcambu yengxaki. Xa kuthelekiswa novavanyo lwegazi olunika ufundo oluchanekileyo kodwa akukho zimpendulo ziqinisekileyo, isoloko ilukhetho olungcono.
Oko kwathiwa, iimpazamo ezenziwa ngabantu zihlala zinciphisa ukuchana kwazo. Ngokwesithethe, oogqirha bazihlola ngesandla iilwimi zabaguli. Nangona iminyaka yamava, nantoni na ukusuka kwizibane ezinemibala engaphezulu ukuya kwixesha lemini inokuchaphazela indlela ababona ngayo umbala. Le ndlela engaqondakaliyo, ezimeleyo ibikho ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2,000 - lixesha lokuphucula.
Iingcali zobunjineli kunye nabaphandi abaye baphuhlisa le nkqubo yokujonga ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili baye bathatha inxaxheba kuma-20 eesentimitha kude nomatshini ngexesha lesigaba sokuvavanya. I-AI edibeneyo emva koko yafumanisa umbala wolwimi lwabo kwaye yaxela kwangaphambili imeko yabo yezempilo ngexesha lokwenyani. Yalungisa i-hues kunye ne-luminance isebenzisa imifuziselo yendawo yemibala.
I-algorithm ye-XGBoost ichaze ngokuchanekileyo izifo
Iiseli ze-cone - i-photoreceptors kwi-retina ejongene nombono wombala - ivakalelwa ngokubanzi kwimimandla ebomvu-blue-green (RGB). Nangona kunjalo, le modeli yendawo yombala ayibonakalisi kakuhle ulwazi. Inkqubo yombono wekhompyuter endaweni yoko isebenzise iYCbCr, LAB, YIQ kunye neHSV. Ngokungafaniyo nabantu, ayiphelelanga kukukhanya okubonakalayo okumxinwa.
Olunye uphononongo lubonisa inkqubo yombono yekhompyuter enikwe amandla e-AI inokuqaphela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibone imibala, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iyakwazi ukubona imibala esingenakuyibona. Ngelixa iicones zam ze-RGB-sensitive zinako kuphela
Ukuba imodeli yokufunda yomatshini inokuthatha umahluko ofihlakeleyo wokugcwala kunye nokukhanya okungabonakaliyo kum, kutheni ingenakukwazi ukubona imibala endingakwaziyo? Ngokwendalo, iimpembelelo zibalulekile-i-AI inokukwazi ukodlula oogqirha ngokungaguqukiyo.
Kuba imodeli enye inokunxibelelana nabantu abaninzi ngaxeshanye, inokunceda izigulana ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Akukho mfuneko yokuba bandwendwele ikliniki — banokukhuphela usetyenziso kwaye basebenzise ikhamera yeefowuni zabo. Kuba umatshini weqela lophando unokuchonga kwaye uqikelele izifo nokuba kukhanyiswe kangakanani na, mancinci amathuba okuphuma okungachanekanga.
Ndiyakholelwa ekhaya, ukuhlolwa okuqhutywa yi-AI kunokuguqula ukhathalelo lwempilo, kuyenze ifikeleleke kwaye ifikeleleke. Izigidi zabantu ziyafa minyaka le ngenxa yezifo ebebenethuba lokulwa nazo ukuba bebezibambe kwangethuba. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, malunga
Ukubanakho kwe-AI ukwenza utshintsho kuxilongo kunokuba luncedo kwizibhedlele njengoko bekuya kuba luncedo kwizigulana. Ngaphandle kokusasazeka kwedijithali, inkcitho yezonyango
Ubuchule bokuzenzela be-AI kunye nendalo yokuzimela inokulungelelanisa ukuqeshwa. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba obu bugcisa bunokunceda amaziko onyango
Khange ndicinge ukuba ukusebenzisa imibala yolwimi kuxilongo kunokuba nefuthe kangako, kodwa kunamandla angenakulinganiswa nanto. Ngaba i-AI ingathatha indawo yoogqirha? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba iya kuba yinto esisiseko kwishishini lezonyango njengoko yongeza ukuchongwa kwesifo, ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye nonyango. Ubuchwephesha babo, obudityaniswe namandla okufunda koomatshini, buya kuba kukubhanqa okungenakuhlulwa.
Umzi-mveliso wokhathalelo lwempilo uyayazi i-AI kwaye unomdla wokuyamkela, ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngumcimbi wexesha ngaphambi kokuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo. Iingcali zeprojekthi yexabiso lentengiso yethekhinoloji kweli candelo liya kukhula kwi
Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa i-__ i-72% yoogqirha ivuma __babona isithembiso esikhulu se-AI kwi-diagnostics, kuphela i-38% iyisebenzisa ekusebenzeni. Ngokwenyani, kungathatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise imibala yolwimi ehlalutywe imodeli yokuxilongwa kunye nokuqikelela. Uqikelelo lwam olufundileyo lwelokuba izibhedlele ziyakuthatha ishumi leminyaka ukutsiba kwiihupula endaweni yokunqumla iteyiphu ebomvu.
Ngethamsanqa, ihlabathi lezempilo leselula likhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lifikeleleka nanini na. Ngelixa ndingenako ukukhankanya i-mHealth ngaphandle kokubonisa ukunqongophala kwayo kulawulo lolawulo kunye nokhuseleko lwabucala, kuya kuba bubudenge ukuyihoya xa uxoxa ngekamva le-AI yezonyango.
Ngaxa lithile, ndiye ndazibamba ndicinga ukuba le mpumelelo ilunge kakhulu ukuba ibe yinyaniso. Yintoni oyibambileyo? Ziziphi izinto ezingalunganga zokuxilongwa kwe-AI? Ndenze isabelo sam esifanelekileyo sophando kulo mmandla, ngoko bendisazi ukuba ubumfihlo, imiba yeenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nolawulo iya kubakho. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo olutyhile le teknoloji yempumelelo kwakhona kufanelekile ukuphononongwa phantsi kwe-microscope.
Ndiqaphele ukuba umsebenzi wabaphandi ekusebenziseni i-AI ukuhlalutya imibala yolwimi ukuze uxilongwe awukaphononongwa ntanga. Oko yapapashwa ngoJuni ka-2024, ayimangalisi loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, oko kuthetha
Ukusebenzisa isixokelelwano sokucinga ukuhlalutya imibala yolwimi kuxilongo kunokubonakala kuyinto eqhelekileyo kunye nokuphumelela okungephi, kodwa kunokuguqula ukhathalelo lwempilo. Ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo izifo usebenzisa i-app kunokusindisa amawaka obomi. Ngapha koko, abanye abaphandi banokusebenzisa le teknoloji ukukhuthaza impumelelo yabo yoxilongo oluqhutywa yi-AI.