Table of links Umbala we-Left Abstract Ukucinga 1 Introduction 1 Ukuqalisa 2 Is an ethnographic study the right choice? 2 Yintoni i-ethnographic study i-choice elungileyo? 
 
 
 
 I-Context yeYurophu yakho Iintlobo iingxaki ze-research ufuna ukujongana Yintoni iingcebiso ze-ethnographic ziquka kwi-researcher 3 Planning an ethnographic study 3 Ukulungiselela isifundo etnographic 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ukufumana indawo yokusebenza kwindawo Ukuhlolwa kwe-participant okanye ye-non-participant Ubude lokusebenza kwindawo Ububanzi kunye nokufaka Ukulungiselela I-Theoretical 4 Implementing your ethnographic study 4 Ukusebenza isifundo sakho ye-ethnographic 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ukufumana ukufikelela kunye nokufumaneka Ukusabela i-prejudice yakho Ngexesha le study Ukusuka Native Ukusuka kwindawo 5 From Data to Text 5 Ukusuka data kwi-text 
 
 
 I-Analysis ye-reflective kunye ne-inductive Writing Ethnography for Software Engineering Audiences - Ukuhlaziywa kweziphumo 6 Ethnography and Research Ethics 6 I-Ethnography kunye ne-Ethics ye-Research 7 Final comments, Further reading and References 7 Iingcebiso ezidlulileyo, Funda kabanzi kunye neengcebiso 3 Planning an ethnographic study 3 Planning an ethnographic study I-ethnography ifumaneka kwi-category ye-flexible research designs [47], apho i-focus ye-research kunye ne-concrete field work iyatholakala ngexesha le nkqubo ye-research. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukulungiselela ku-redundant. Ukufundwa kwe-ethnographic kufuneka kwenziwe. Kubaluleke ukuba umfundisi kunye nabasebenzi akwazi ukufumana okuqhagamshelwano malunga neengxaki xa umfundisi uqhagamshelane nenkqubo. Ukongezelela, iiplani kufuneka zibonwe ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuguqulwa ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye bonke ziyafumaneka ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha elide le-research. 3.1 Finding a site for field work Enye into yokuqala kuyinto ukucacisa inkqubo efanelekileyo ukuba uqhagamshelane. Ngokuvamile, i-ethnographic study iya kuqhagamshelane ngexesha elandelayo phakathi kwe-researcher, inkampani kunye namalungu ezinxulumeneyo yeqela le-development. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-researcher ye-ethnographic ingaba ukucacisa inkampani okanye inkqubo ye-open source efanelekileyo kunye neengxaki ze-research. Xa abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi core kwiinkalo ezimbini, i-ethnographic study ingathandakanya umsebenzi yabo, ngoko inkampani kunye neqela le nkqubo kufuneka uqhagamshelane kunye nophando. Njengoko i-ethnography iingcali zihlanganisa indlela epheleleyo yokwenza uphando yabo, ukuxhumana kakuhle kunye nenkqubo kwaye kwimeko ezininzi i-ethnographic study iya kuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-coordination kunye ne-replanning ziyafumaneka. Umgangatho eyodwa yokwenza oku kuyinto yokwenza i-"ukudlulisela i-committee" yokufunda i-engine collaboration, ebandakanya i-researcher, i-PI ye-project, i-contact ye-project, kwaye umntu onomatshini onomatshini 3.2 Participant or non-participant observation Umgangatho olungcono ukufumana imveliso kunye neengcali yendaba elidlulileyo yendaba elidlulileyo, yaye ukufumana ingxenye yendaba elidlulileyo. Ukufundisa iinkqubo ze-software njenge-software engineer ngokuvamile ivumela ukuxhaswa. Ngokomzekelo, abacwaningi ziya kubandakanyeka kwi-open-source communities ngokuvumelana nophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zebhizinisi ingathanda kakhulu ukuba abacwaningi bafumane ikhowudi zabo, kwaye i-software eyenziwe kakhulu – ezifana ne-software ye-modeling ye-hydraulic systems [61] – inikezela iinkonzo ukuba abacwaningi be-software engineering akufunayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ab i-researcher uye wahlala i-administratory [37]. Kwiimeko ezimbini ziye ziphumela ukuba i-researcher ibekwe kwimisebenzi yeqela ngexesha elidlulileyo kumntu omnye. Ukuqhathanisa i-role ye-researcher kwi-field kufuneka ifumaneka kunye neqela le-projekt collaborating. Kwakhona ezinye iingxaki afana ne-management kwaye kwimeko ezininzi i-clients ye-organization kufuneka ifundwe. Akukho yonke into yokufanelela kwi-development kwaye ukucaciswa okuzenzakalelayo kunokuba yindlela eyodwa. Kule mzekelo, i-researcher iyafumaneka ngokuhambelana, ukucacisa, ukucacisa kwaye ukuthatha iingxaki kodwa ke kubaluleke ukucacisa 3.3 Duration of field work Ixesha elidlulileyo ye-field yehlabathi kufuneka ifumaneke kunye neqela le-software? Kwi-presentation yethu ye-ethnographic studies ezidlulileyo [51], kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yexesha le-field work. Umxholo we-ethnographic iya kuba: ngexesha elidlulileyo le-researcher ukuba isebenza njengeqela le-culture, okanye ngexesha elidlulileyo le-researcher ukufundisa izinto ezintsha. Njengoko nezinye iindlela ze-qualitative research, i-saturation ye-observations ibonakalisa ekugqibeleni kwe-ethnographic study. Kule, ukuxhaswa kwe-expertise ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo ze-software engineering njenge-software engineering yi-researcher ingaba 3.4 Space and Location Ukusebenza kwindawo ye-ethnographic kufuneka kwenziwe apho i-culture kunye ne-practices ezidlulileyo. Kodwa apho i-development ye-software ibonakala? Ukusebenza kwe-software ibekwe kwihlabathi ye-physical, apho i-developers ye-software ibekwe, kwaye ibekwe kwihlabathi ye-digital, apho i-software ibekwe. Iingxaki ezininzi kufuneka zihlanganisa ukucacisa kwimeko ye-physical kunye nokufumaneka kwimeko ye-development, i-documents ye-digital,iintlawulo kunye ne-management ye-source code, kunye neengxaki kwi-software eyenziwe. Ngoko ke i-code yokuzonwabisa ingxaki phakathi kwe-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-report ye-re I-ethnographic fieldwork apha kunokufunda i-artefact, isib. i-bug report okanye i-software architecture documentation, okanye inokufunda iinkqubo ze-individual, isib. i-software architect of (a part of) the software, okanye i-group of developers. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"virtual ethnography" ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye ziye z 3.5 Theoretical underpinning I-ethnography ye-field isetyenziswa ngokuvamile njenge-focus-up method where the development of themes and concepts is based on reflective and inductive analysis. Theories are then developed by comparing the results of several ethnographic studies. In order to relate ethnographic studies with each other, i-themes and concepts developed in earlier studies must then be connected to the field work and analysis of the later studies, and this can be done via theory. One example is the social theory of learning by Lave and Wenger [34]: comparing findings from widely varying studies led to the formulation of a set of related concepts, a theory. Le theory then can be used either as a focus for the field work in new ethnographic studies exploring social learning in different contexts, or to the discussion of field material peer Ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yobugcisa kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa ukusuka ekuqaleni, kunjalo, ukuba i-focus ukuba i-theory inikeza iya kuba i-bias kwiinkalo yokusetyenziswa. Oku kunokukhawuleza umfundisi ukuba utshintshe iinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa ezikhoyo kwiinkalo. Ukunciphisa iinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo. Ukusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zokusetyenziswa kwi Ukusetyenziswa kwe-framework ye-theoretical ingasetyenziswa kwi-intent ye-research, isib. Ukuba i-intent yi-designing kunye nokuphucula izixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-framework yobugcisa ukunika i- vocabulary ukucacisa kunye nokufunda i-roll ye-tools ingaba i-avantage. Njengoko ibekwe phezulu, i-theory ingasetyenziswa kwakhona ukucacisa idatha emva kokufunda, isib. Sharp et al. [56] isetyenziswe i-dimensions ye-cognitive ukuyifaka i-representations ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa i-cognition eyenziwe njenge-framework. I-Giuffrida kunye ne-Ditt 
 
 
 Umbhali: 
 
 
 
 Yvonne Dittrich Helen Sharp Cleidson de Souza Umbhali: 
 
 
 
 U-Yvonne Dittrich U-Helen Sharp I-Cleidson de Souza 
 
 Oku kunokwenzeka kwi-archiv phantsi kolawulo lwe-CC by 4.0 Deed (i-Attribution 4.0 International). Le nqaku Ngokutsho kwe-CC by 4.0 Deed (i-Attribution 4.0 International). Zifumaneka kwi-Archiv Zifumaneka kwi-Archiv

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