Vatsari: .  (1) Raquel Blanco, Ntlawa wa Vulavisisi bya Vuinjhiniyere bya Software, Yunivhesiti ya Oviedo, Ndzawulo ya Sayense ya Tikhompyuta, Gijón, Spain (rblanco@uniovi.es);  (2) Manuel Trinidad, Ntlawa wa Vulavisisi bya ku Antswisa Maendlelo ya Software na Maendlelo ya Xivumbeko, Yunivhesiti ya Cadiz, Ndzawulo ya Sayense ya Tikhompyuta na Vuinjhiniyere, Cádiz, Spain (manuel.trinidad@uca.es);  (3) María José Suárez-Cabal, Ntlawa wa Vulavisisi bya Vuinjhiniyere bya Software, Yunivhesiti ya Oviedo, Ndzawulo ya Sayense ya Tikhompyuta, Gijón, Spain (cabal@uniovi.es);  (4) Alejandro Calderón, Ntlawa wa Vulavisisi bya ku Antswisiwa ka Maendlelo ya Software na Maendlelo ya Xivumbeko, Yunivhesiti ya Cadiz, Ndzawulo ya Sayense ya Tikhompyuta na Vuinjhiniyere, Cádiz, Spain (alejandro.calderon@uca.es);  (5) Mercedes Ruiz, Ntlawa wa Vulavisisi bya ku Antswisiwa ka Maendlelo ya Software na Maendlelo ya Xivumbeko, Yunivhesiti ya Cadiz, Ndzawulo ya Sayense ya Tikhompyuta na Vuinjhiniyere, Cádiz, Spain (mercedes.ruiz@uca.es);  (6) Javier Tuya, Ntlawa wa Vulavisisi bya Vuinjhiniyere bya Software, Yunivhesiti ya Oviedo, Ndzawulo ya Sayense ya Tikhompyuta, Gijón, Spain (tuya@uniovi.es).   Xitsundzuxo xa muhleri: Lexi i xiphemu xa 1 xa 7 xa ndzavisiso lowu hlamuselaka hi vuxokoxoko matshalatshala ya valavisisi ku tumbuluxa swikambelo leswi tirhaka hi ku tirhisa gamification. Hlaya leswi seleke laha hansi.  Tafula ra Swihlanganisi   Xitlhokovetselo na 1 Xingheniso   2 Dyondzo ya ku endla mintlangu na ku kambela software  2.1 Ku kamberiwa ka software  2.2 Ku endliwa ka mintlangu  2.3 Gamification eka dyondzo ya ku kambela software   3 Dizayini ya swikambelo na 3.1 Dizayini ya khoso  3.2 Vatekaxiave  3.3 Switirhisiwa  3.4 Maendlelo  3.5 Timetriki   4 Mimbuyelo na 4.1 RQ1: Ku nghenelela ka swichudeni  4.2 RQ2: Matirhelo ya xichudeni   5 Bulo   6 Minxungeto ya ntiyiso   7 Mahetelelo, Swibumabumelo na Swikombo  Xianakanyiwa  Ku kamberiwa ka software i ndhawu ya vutivi ya nkoka leyi lavekaka hi indasitiri eka vanjhiniyara va software. Hambiswiritano, swichudeni swa vunjhiniyara bya software hakanyingi swi teka ku kambela swi nga tsakisi ngopfu ku tlula ku dizayina kumbe ku tsala tikhodi. Hikwalaho, swa tika ku nghenisa swichudeni ku tumbuluxa swikambelo leswi humelelaka. Ku khutaza swichudeni, hi lavisisile matirhiselo ya gamification na ku lavisisa loko thekiniki leyi yi nga pfuna ku antswisa ku nghenelela na matirhelo ya swichudeni swa ku kambela software. Hi endlile xikambelo lexi lawuriwaka ku pimanisa ku nghenelela na matirhelo ya mintlawa yimbirhi ya swichudeni leswi tekeke khoso ya ku kambela software ya undergraduate eka malembe yo hambana ya dyondzo. Ntlawa wa swikambelo wu vumbiwa hi 135 wa swichudeni ku suka eka khoso ya gamified kasi ntlawa wa vulawuri wu vumbiwa hi 100 wa swichudeni ku suka eka khoso leyi nga gamified. Data leyi hlengeletiweke yi xopaxopiwile hi tinhlayo ku hlamula swivutiso swa ndzavisiso swa ndzavisiso lowu. Mimbuyelo yi kombisa leswaku swichudeni leswi ngheneleke eka ntokoto wa gamification swi nghenelerile ngopfu naswona swi fikelerile matirhelo yo antswa. Tanihi ku kumiwa loku engetelekeke, nxopaxopo wa mimbuyelo wu paluxa leswaku nchumu wa nkoka ku humelela i dizayini ya ntokoto wa gamification. I swa nkoka ku hangalasa xihlohloteri xo hlohlotela lexi nyikiwaka hi gamification eka ntokoto hinkwawo ku nghenisa swichudeni ku fikela emakumu. Hi ku nyikiwa mimbuyelo leyi, hi kunguhata ku lulamisa hi vuntshwa dizayini ya ntokoto wa ku tlanga ku engetela ku nghenelela ka swichudeni eka xiteji xo hetelela xa ntokoto, xikan’we na ku endla dyondzo yo leha ku kambela vuyelo bya ku tlanga.   Marito ya nkoka  Gamification, ku kamberiwa ka software, ku nghenelela, matirhelo, ku humelela ka xikambelo, dyondzo ya empiriki  1 Xingheniso  Eka nguva ya Thekinoloji ya Mahungu, software yi kona kwalomu ka xiphemu xin’wana na xin’wana xa vutomi bya hina. I swa nkoka leswaku switirhisiwa swa software swi tirha kahle na hilaha swi kunguhatiweke hakona, hikuva ku nga tirhi kahle ka swona ku nga vanga ku lahlekeriwa hi timali eka vatirhisi vo hetelela na tikhamphani ta software, ku lahlekeriwa hi ndhuma eka tikhamphani ta software, ku paluxiwa ka datha ya phurayivhete, kumbe hambi ku ri vuyelo byo vava evuton’wini bya vanhu. Leswaku ku siveriwaka switandzhaku leswi swo biha, i swa nkoka ku kambela kahle na hi vukheta swikumiwa swa software hi xikongomelo xo kuma na ku tlhantlha swihoxo swa swona (leswi tlhelaka swi vuriwa swihoxo kumbe swihoxo) na ku tsandzeka ku nga si swi ntshunxiwa eka vatirhisi vo hetelela. Hi xikongomelo xexo, indasitiri yi lava vahloti lava lunghiseleriweke kahle naswona dyondzo yi na vutihlamuleri eka mhaka yoleyo. Hambiswiritano, ku na xivandla exikarhi ka indasitiri na dyondzo mayelana na vutivi byo kambela lebyi lavekaka eka indasitiri na leswi dyondzisiwaka eka swivandla swa dyondzo ya le henhla. Hi tlhelo rin’we, ku kamberiwa ka software a ku dyondzisiwi hi vuenti lebyi ringaneke eka dyondzo ya vunjhiniyara bya software (Fraser et al., 2019; Jesus et al., 2020) naswona swi tala ku nghenisiwa eka tikhoso tin’wana ta vunjhiniyara bya software ematshan’wini yo va khoso leyi tinyiketeleke ( Silvis-Cividjian, 2021) Xihlamusela-marito xa Xitsonga. Hi hala tlhelo, swa tika ku nghenisa swichudeni tanihileswi swi talaka ku kuma ku kambela software ku ri ntirho lowu borhaka no onha, naswona va tsakela mintirho ya dizayini na ku tirhisa (Fraser et al., 2020). Hikwalaho ka sweswo, swichudeni a swi kumi mukhuva lowu indasitiri yi wu lavaka naswona swi tsakela ku tirha eka tindhawu tin’wana ta vunjhiniyara bya software ku tlula ku tirha eka ku kambela software; tanihilaha swi boxiweke hakona eka (Silvis-Cividjian, 2021), i ku fika eka 20% ntsena wa swichudeni leswi tekelaka enhlokweni ntirho eka ku kambela software.  Ku tirhana na xiphiqo xa ku hlohlotela swichudeni, hi lavisisile matirhiselo ya gamification eka khoso ya undergraduate yo kambela software. Gamification yi amukeriwile eka khume ra malembe lama hundzeke tanihi ndlela yo nghenisa swichudeni eka swiyimo swo hambana swa dyondzo (Bodnar et al., 2016; Dichev & Dicheva, 2017; Milosz & Milosz, 2020; Subhash & Cudney, 2018; Vos et al., 2020 ), naswona u nyikile mbuyelo lowu tshembisaka eka dyondzo ya vunjhiniyara bya software na ku kambela software (Alhammad & Moreno, 2018;Fraser na van’wana, 2018;  Eka phepha leri, hi hlamusela no kambisisa ntokoto wa gamification lowu endliweke eka titlilasi ta seminara ta khoso yo kambela software, laha swichudeni a swi fanele ku tumbuluxa swiyimo swa swikambelo leswi tirhaka eka minongonoko yo hlayanyana leyi hoxeke leswaku swi ta kuma swihoxo swa swona. Hi ehlekete leswaku ku tlanga hi mintlangu swi ta khumba hi ndlela leyinene eka ku nghenelela ka swichudeni na matirhelo. Swichudeni swi katsekile eka ntokoto wa gamification lowu sekeriweke eka xitlhokovetselo laha swi tekeke xiphemu eka mphikizano wa ntsheketo wa Tiolimpiki wa ku nga fi, lowu seketeriweke hi xitirhisiwa xa gamification lexi vuriwaka GoRace. Ku humelela ka timhangu ta vona ta swikambelo ku bohe nhluvuko wa vona eka mphikizano. Ku humelela loku ku nyikiwa hi xitirhisiwa lexi vuriwaka SQLTest, lexi hlanganisiweke na GoRace. Ku kambela swiringanyeto swa hina, hi hlamuserile sete ya timetriki ku pima ku nghenelela ka xichudeni na matirhelo naswona hi tinhlayo hi pimanisile mimbuyelo leyi fikeleleriweke hi mintlawa ya swikambelo na ya vulawuri leswaku hi ta hlamula swivutiso swa ndzavisiso leswi landzelaka:  RQ1. Xana ku nghenelela ka swichudeni swa ku kambela software leswi endlaka migingiriko ya gamified swi le henhla ku tlula leswi swi endlaka eka ndhawu leyi nga gamified? Ku lulamisa xivutiso lexi xa ndzavisiso, hi hlamuserile sete ya timetriki leti fambelanaka na ku nghenelela ka xichudeni eka migingiriko ya dyondzo.  RQ2. Xana matirhelo ya swichudeni swa software testing leswi endlaka migingiriko ya gamified ya le henhla ku tlula leswi swi endlaka eka ndhawu leyi nga gamified? Ku hlamula xivutiso lexi xa ndzavisiso, hi hlamuserile sete ya timetriki leti fambelanaka na ku humelela ka timhaka ta swikambelo leti tumbuluxiweke.  Minyikelo leyikulu ya ntirho lowu hi leyi landzelaka:  Dizayini ya ntokoto wa gamification eka khoso ya ku kambela software ya undergraduate. Ntokoto lowu wu endliwile eka semester ya dyondzo leyi heleleke (15 wa mavhiki).  Nxopaxopo wa vuyelo bya gamification eka ku antswisa ku nghenelela ka swichudeni na matirhelo ya swona eku tumbuluxeni ka timhangu ta swikambelo leti tirhaka. Mimbuyelo yi kombisa leswaku ku tlanga hi mintlangu ku na nkucetelo lowunene eka ku nghenelela ka swichudeni na matirhelo; ku engetela kwalaho, va tlhela va paluxa leswaku i swa nkoka ku hlayisa xihlohloteri hi nkarhi wa ntokoto hinkwawo ku tiyisisa ku humelela.  Phepha leri hinkwaro ri hlengeletiwile hi ndlela leyi landzelaka: Xiyenge xa 2 xi nyika ndhavuko wa dyondzo ya ku endla mintlangu na ku kambela software. Xiyenge xa 3 xi humesela khoso leyi katsekaka eka ntokoto wa ku tlanga, kun’we na vatekaxiave na switirhisiwa leswi tirhisiweke eka ntokoto. Xiyenge lexi xi tlhela xi hlamusela endlelo leri landzeriweke eka ntokoto na timetriki leti hlamuseriweke. Xiyenge xa 4 xi humesela mimbuyelo ya nxopaxopo wa tinhlayo lowu endliweke ku kambela swiringanyeto leswi hi pfumelelaka ku hlamula swivutiso swa ndzavisiso. Mimbuyelo leyi yi xopaxopiwile eka Xiyenge xa 5. Xiyenge xa 6 xi xaxameta minxungeto eka ntiyiso wa swikumiwa leswi ku buriweke ha swona. Eku heteleleni, hi fikelela mahetelelo ya hina no hlamusela switandzhaku swa leswi hi swi kumeke eka Xiyenge xa 7.  Phepha leri ri   ehansi ka layisense ya CC BY 4.0 DEED. kumeka eka arxiv

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Valavisisi Va Ehleketa Leswaku Gamification Yi Khoma Nhlamulo Ya Makhombo Ya Ku Kamberiwa Ka Software

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