Vatsari: .  (1) Clauvin Almeida, Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki ya Vupapa ya Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), eRio de Janeiro, eBrazil;  (2) Marcos Kalinowski, Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki ya Vupapa ya Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, eBrazil;  (3) Anderson Uchoa, Yunivhesiti ya Federal ya Ceara (UFC), Itapaje, eBrazil;  (4) Bruno Feijo, Yunivhesiti ya Khatoliki ya Vupapa ya Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, eBrazil.  Tafula ra Swihlanganisi   Xitlhokovetselo na 1 Xingheniso   2. Ntirho wa le ndzhaku na lowu fambelanaka na wona na 2.1. Ku tlanga hi mintlangu   2.2.2.1. Swiaki swa Dizayini ya Mintlangu na 2.3. Vuyelo bya Gamification   2.4. Ntirho lowu Fambelanaka eka Vuyelo byo Biha bya Gamification   3. Ku Endliwa ka Mepe hi Ndlela leyi hlelekeke na 3.1. Swivutiso swa Ndzavisiso   3.2. Qhinga ro lavisisa na 3.3. Swipimelo swa ku Katsa na ku Hlongoriwa   3.4. Ku tirhisa Qhinga ro Lavisisa   3.5. Ku Humesiwa ka Data   4. Mimbuyelo ya Mepe leyi hlelekeke   5. Ntlawa lowu kongomisiweke: Mavonelo ya Vatumbuluxi eka Vuyelo byo Biha bya Swiaki swa Dizayini ya Mintlangu   5.1.1. Mongo na Vumunhuhatwa bya Mutekaxiave   5.2.2. Dizayini ya Ntlawa lowu kongomisiweke   5.3. Mavonelo ya Vatumbuluxi eka Vuyelo byo Biha   5.4. Eka ku Pfuna loku Vonakaka, Ku olova ka ku tirhisiwa na Xikongomelo xo Amukela Vuyelo byo Biha lebyi Meperiweke   5.5.5.5. Vuyelo bya Vatekaxiave   6. Swipimelo   7. Marito yo Hetelela   7.1.1. Swiletelo swa Vulavisisi bya Nkarhi lowu taka   Ku khensa na Swikombo   2.2.2.1. Swiaki swa Dizayini ya Ntlangu  Game Design Elements (GDEs) yi yimela swiphemu swa xisekelo swa software yihi kumbe yihi leyi gamified [2, 20]. Xikombiso, ku avela vatlangi tinhla hi ku kongoma swi hakela vuhlanganisi bya vatirhisi swi tlakusa vuhlanganisi byin’wana enkarhini lowu taka. Ku engetela kwalaho, swi nga ha hlohlotela ndhawu ya mphikizano exikarhi ka vatlangi, ku fikelela swikoweto swa le henhla eka tinhla. Leswaku ku endliwa gamify software yin’wana na yin’wana, swivumbeko swo tala swa gamification design swi ringanyetiwile eka matsalwa [21, 22, 23, 24]. Swivumbeko leswi swi tala ku humesa na ku katsakanya tinxaka to hambana ta ti-GDE. Xikombiso, [21] u ringanyete rimba leri titshegeke hi magoza ya tsevu ya ku tlanga, leri nga na swiaki swa 30 swa ntlangu. Hi ndlela yo hambana, [23] u ringanyete rimba leri simekiweke eka swiyenge swa nkombo leswi nga khumbhaka ku tlanga, rimba ro tano ri na 14 wa ti-GDE. Hambi leswi ku nga na ku hambana exikarhi ka swivumbeko swa dizayini ya gamification, ku na sete ya ti-GDE leti hi ntolovelo ti hlamuseriwaka. Tafula ra 1 ri xaxameta tin’wana ta ti-GDE leti.   2.3. Vuyelo bya Gamification  Swidyondzi swin’wana swi ni vonelo ro biha malunghana ni ku tlanga hi mintlango. Xikombiso, Ian Bogost [30] u vule leswaku gamification ngopfungopfu i ku xavisiwa ka nkarhi   endlelo. Ku nga khathariseki ku soriwa ko tano, ndzavisiso lowu endliweke emalembeni lama hundzeke wu kume leswaku ku tlanga hi mintlango swi tisa mimpfuno loko swi tirhisiwa kahle.  Hi ku tirhisa dizayini ya ndzavisiso wa xiendlo, Putz et al. [31] va kumile leswaku ku tlanga hi mintlangu swi nga va na mbuyelo lowunene eka ku hlayisiwa ka vutivi bya swichudeni, ku nga khathariseki malembe na rimbewu. Vuyelo lebyinene bya gamification eka ku ndlandlamuxa vuhlanganisi na switirhisiwa swo dyondza na matirhelo eka tidyondzo byi tlhele byi vikiwa hi Klock et al. [32] .  Ndzavisiso lowu hlelekeke wu paluxe vuyelo lebyinene ni byo biha. Zainuddin na van’wana. [33] va kumile vumbhoni bya leswaku ku tirhisiwa ka swiaki swa dizayini ya ntlangu swo fana na tibeji, tinhla, swidlodlo, tibodo ta varhangeri, ti-avatar, na tinyiko ta xiviri a swi tlakusi ntsena nsusumeto wa le handle wa swichudeni kambe swi tlhela swi engetela nkoka wa swona wa le ndzeni eka ku dyondza; hambiswiritano, va tlhele va vika tidyondzo leti nga ni swikumiwa leswi kanetanaka. Johnson na van’wana. [34] va endlile nkambisiso wa matsalwa lowu hlelekeke wa tidyondzo ta empiriki eka gamification eka rihanyo na vuhlayiseki. Ku suka eka maphepha lama hlawuriweke, vuyelo bya ku nghenelela ka gamified byi kumiwile byi ri lebyinene hi 59% wa maphepha lama kambisisiweke, laha vuyelo byi katsaka ku nyikiwa matimba, nsusumeto, ku vekiwa tihlo ka rihanyo, na mikhuva yo tala ya rihanyo leyi tekiweke. Hambiswiritano, 41% - xiphemu xa nkoka xa tidyondzo - va vikile switandzhaku leswi pfanganisiweke kumbe leswi nga riki na xihlawuhlawu.  Hamari na van’wana. [35] va tiyisisile yinhla mayelana na switandzhaku leswi pfanganisiweke. Tidyondzo to tala ta nhlayo leti hlawuriweke eka nkambisiso wa tona ti gimete hi leswaku vuyelo lebyinene bya swiaki swa gamification byi kona ntsena hi xiphemu. Nakambe, va xiyile (hi ku tirhisa nxopaxopo wa xiyimo) leswaku gamification yi tele ngopfu ku tlula tidyondzo ta khale leti talaka ku ehleketa. Koivisto na Hamari [36] va fikelele makumu lama fanaka, va kumile maphepha lama kombetelaka eka mbuyelo lowu pfanganisiweke wa gamification na nhlayo yitsongo ya mbuyelo wo biha ntsena, lowu va wu vulaka leswaku wu vangiwa hi ku va na xihlawuhlawu xa ku tiyisisa.  Hakunene, ku tlanga hi mintlangu ku lawula ntivo-miehleketo wa vanhu hi ku tirhisa swilo leswi endliweke hi mintlango, naswona i swa ntumbuluko ku langutela leswaku ku kanganyisa koloko ku nga va ni vuyelo byo biha. Mhaka yin’wana yi humelele eHodela ya Disneyland Resort, eCalifornia, hi 2018. Hodela leyi yi endle xiboho xo tirhisa tibodo ta varhangeri leti pfuxetiweke hi nkarhi wa xiviri leswaku yi hlohlotela vatirhi va yona ku basisa maphepha ni tithawula hi ndlela leyinene. Ntirho lowu wu tlhelele endzhaku swinene hikuva mphikizano wu onhe khwalithi ya mbango, wu vanga ntshikilelo lowu engetelekeke, naswona wu engetele nhlayo ya ku vaviseka entirhweni [37]. Mhaka yin’wana yi humelerile hi Go365, app ya gamified, loko yi sindzisiwa eka vadyondzisi va swikolo swa mfumo eWest Virginia, leswi va sindziseke ku nyika datha ya swa vutshunguri leyi nga na nkoka na ku va swiyimo swa vona swi landzelerisiwa siku na siku. Ku sindzisiwa ka app leyi ya gamified akuri yo hetelela eka nxaxamelo wa swiendlakalo leswi yisaka eka xitereka xa wildcat hi 2018 [37]. Vulavisisi bya sweswinyana byi kombisa leswaku ntirho wa gamified a wu fanelanga ku tshuka wu boha; handle ka sweswo, yi lahlekeriwa hi nkoka wa yona wo tsakisa naswona yi yisa eka ku wa ka nkoka wa ntlangu na ntirho [38].  Phepha leri ri   ehansi ka layisense ya CC BY 4.0 DEED. kumeka eka arxiv

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