Imwe yemasiginecha eGo yakavakirwa-mukati tsigiro ye concurrency. Goroutines uye chiteshi zviri nyore uye zvinoshanda zvekutanga zvekunyora zvirongwa panguva imwe chete.  Nekudaro, kuyedza zvirongwa panguva imwe chete zvinogona kunetsa uye kukanganisa kukanganisa.  MuGo 1.24, tiri kuunza itsva,   package yekutsigira yekuyedza kodhi yakafanana. Iyi posvo inotsanangura kukurudzira kuseri kwechiyedzo ichi, kuratidza mashandisiro esynctest package, uye kukurukura ramangwana rayo ringave. testing/synctest  MuGo 1.24, iyo   package ndeyekuyedza uye haisi pasi peGo kuenderana vimbiso. Haioneki nekusingaperi. Kuti uishandise, unganidza kodhi yako   yakaiswa munzvimbo yako. testing/synctest GOEXPERIMENT=synctest  Kuedza mapurogiramu panguva imwe chete kwakaoma  Kutanga, ngationei muenzaniso uri nyore.  The   function inoronga kuti basa ridaidzwe nenzira yaro pachayo mushure mekunge mamiriro akadzimwa. Heino bvunzo inokwanisika   : context.AfterFunc AfterFunc   func TestAfterFunc(t *testing.T) { ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background()) calledCh := make(chan struct{}) // closed when AfterFunc is called context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { close(calledCh) }) // TODO: Assert that the AfterFunc has not been called. cancel() // TODO: Assert that the AfterFunc has been called. }  Tinoda kutarisa mamiriro maviri muyedzo iyi: Basa racho haridanwe mamiriro ezvinhu asati adzimwa, uye basa racho   mushure mekunge mamiriro akadzimwa. rinodanwa  Kutarisa zvakaipa mune imwe nguva system kwakaoma. Tinogona kuyedza zviri nyore kuti basa   radaidzwa, asi tinotarisa sei kuti   ? harisati harizodaidzwa  Mutoo unozivikanwa kumirira kwenguva yakati usati wagumisa kuti chimwe chinhu hachisati chichizoitika. Ngatiedzei kuunza basa remubatsiri kubvunzo yedu inoita izvi.   // funcCalled reports whether the function was called. funcCalled := func() bool { select { case <-calledCh: return true case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond): return false } } if funcCalled() { t.Fatalf("AfterFunc function called before context is canceled") } cancel() if !funcCalled() { t.Fatalf("AfterFunc function not called after context is canceled") }  Muedzo uyu unononoka: gumi milliseconds haisi nguva yakawanda, asi inowedzera pamusoro pebvunzo dzakawanda.  Muedzo uyu zvakare hauna kujeka: 10 milliseconds inguva yakareba pakombuta inokurumidza, asi hazvina kujairika kuona kumbomira kunotora masekonzi akati wandei pane akagovaniswa uye akaremerwa   masisitimu. eCI  Isu tinokwanisa kuita kuti bvunzo iite zvishoma nemutengo wekuita kuti inonoke, uye isu tinogona kuita kuti iite zvishoma nemutengo wekuita kuti iite flakier, asi isu hatigone kuzviita nekukurumidza uye nekuvimbika.  Kuunza iyo yekuyedza/synctest package  Iyo   package inogadzirisa dambudziko iri. Inotibvumira kunyora zvakare bvunzo iyi kuti ive nyore, nekukurumidza, uye yakavimbika, pasina chero shanduko kukodhi iri kuedzwa. testing/synctest  Iyo package ine mabasa maviri chete:   uye   . Run Wait    inodaidza basa mune goroutine nyowani. Iyi goroutine uye chero goroutines yakatangwa nayo iripo munzvimbo iri yoga yatinodaidza kuti   .   kuti goroutine yega yega mububble regoroutine rivhare pane imwe goroutine mububble. Run bubble Wait  Ngatinyoreizve bvunzo yedu pamusoro tichishandisa   package. testing/synctest   func TestAfterFunc(t *testing.T) { synctest.Run(func() { ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background()) funcCalled := false context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { funcCalled = true }) synctest.Wait() if funcCalled { t.Fatalf("AfterFunc function called before context is canceled") } cancel() synctest.Wait() if !funcCalled { t.Fatalf("AfterFunc function not called after context is canceled") } }) }  Izvi zvakada kufanana nebvunzo yedu yepakutanga, asi takapeta bvunzo mu   call todaidza   usati wataura kuti basa radaidzwa kana kuti kwete. synctest.Run synctest.Wait  Iyo   basa inomirira yega yega goroutine mububble reanofona kuti avhare. Kana yadzoka, tinoziva kuti dingindira remukati rakadaidzira basa, kana kusaridaidza kudzamara tatora chimwe chiito. Wait  Uyu muedzo ikozvino wave nekukurumidza uye wakavimbika.  Muedzo uri nyore, zvakare: isu takatsiva   chiteshi ne boolean. Pakutanga taifanira kushandisa chiteshi kudzivirira mujaho wedhata pakati peyeyedzo goroutine   goroutine, asi   basa ikozvino rinopa kuyananisa. calledCh AfterFunc Wait  Mujaho wedetector unonzwisisa   mafoni, uye bvunzo iyi inodarika kana ichimhanya ne   . Kana isu tikabvisa yechipiri   kufona, iyo nhangemutange yedhivha inotaura nemazvo mujaho wedata muyedzo. Wait -race Wait  Nguva yekuedza  Cocurrent code kazhinji inobata nenguva.  Kuedza kodhi inoshanda nenguva inogona kuve yakaoma. Kushandisa nguva chaiyo mubvunzo kunokonzeresa bvunzo dzinononoka uye dzisina kusimba, sezvataona pamusoro. Kushandisa nguva yekunyepera kunoda kudzivirira   pasuru mabasa, uye kugadzira kodhi iri pasi pekuyedzwa kuti ushande neinosarudzika fake wachi. time  Iyo   package inoita kuti zvive nyore kuyedza kodhi inoshandisa nguva. testing/synctest  Goroutines mububble rakatangwa   shandisa wachi yekunyepera. Mukati mebubble, mabasa ari mupakeji   anoshanda pane iyo fake wachi. Nguva inofambira mberi mububble apo ese goroutines akavharwa. Run time  Kuratidza, ngatinyore bvunzo yemamiriro   function.   inogadzira mwana wemamiriro ezvinhu, anopera mushure menguva yakatarwa. context.WithTimeout WithTimeout   func TestWithTimeout(t *testing.T) { synctest.Run(func() { const timeout = 5 * time.Second ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout) defer cancel() // Wait just less than the timeout. time.Sleep(timeout - time.Nanosecond) synctest.Wait() if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil { t.Fatalf("before timeout, ctx.Err() = %v; want nil", err) } // Wait the rest of the way until the timeout. time.Sleep(time.Nanosecond) synctest.Wait() if err := ctx.Err(); err != context.DeadlineExceeded { t.Fatalf("after timeout, ctx.Err() = %v; want DeadlineExceeded", err) } }) }  Isu tinonyora bvunzo iyi sekunge tiri kushanda nenguva chaiyo. Musiyano chete ndewekuti tinoputira bvunzo mu   , uye tofonera   mushure menguva yega   kufona kumirira kuti zvibatiso zvepasuru yemamiriro ekunze zvipedze kushanda. synctest.Run synctest.Wait time.Sleep  Kuvhara uye bubble  Pfungwa yakakosha   ibubble rinovharika   . Izvi zvinoitika kana yega yega goroutine mububble yakavharwa, uye inogona chete kuvhurwa neimwe goroutine mububble. testing/synctest zvakasimba  Kana bubble rikavharika zvachose:  Kana paine   call yasara, inodzoka. Wait  Zvikasadaro, nguva inofambira mberi kusvika panguva inotevera iyo inogona kuvhura goroutine, kana iripo.  Zvikasadaro, bubble rakavharwa uye   panics. Run  Bubble harivharidzirwe zvachose kana chero goroutine yakavharwa asi inogona kumutswa nechimwe chiitiko kubva kunze kwebubble.  Rondedzero yakazara yemashandiro ayo anogara achivharira goroutine ndeiyi:  kutumira kana kugamuchira pane nil chiteshi  kutumira kana kugamuchira kwakavharwa pachiteshi chakagadzirwa mukati mebubble rimwechete  chirevo chekusarudza apo nyaya dzese dziri kuvharika   time.Sleep   sync.Cond.Wait   sync.WaitGroup.Wait  Mutexes  Ma Operations pa   haivharidziki. sync.Mutex  Zvakajairika kuti mabasa awane nyika mutex. Semuyenzaniso, akati wandei emabasa mureflect package anoshandisa cache yepasi rose inochengetedzwa nemutex. Kana goroutine mu synctest bubble ichivhara paunenge uchitora chimumumu chakabatwa negoroutine kunze kwebubble, haina kuvharika zvakasimba-inovharika, asi inozovhurwa negoroutine kubva kunze kwebubble rayo.  Sezvo zvimumumu zvisingawanzo kubatwa kwenguva yakareba, tinongozvibvisa kubva   kufunga. testing/synctest  Channels  Matanho akagadzirwa mukati mebubble anoita zvakasiyana kubva kune akagadzirwa kunze.  Kuitwa kwechiteshi kuri kuvharira kwenguva refu chete kana chiteshi chakaputirwa (chakagadzirwa mububble). Kushanda pane bubbled channel kubva kunze kwebubble panic.  Mitemo iyi inovimbisa kuti goroutine inovharika kwenguva refu chete kana ichitaura nema goroutines mukati mebubble rayo.  I/O  Ekunze maI/O mashandiro, akadai sekuverenga kubva kunetiweki yekubatanidza, haana kuvharika kwenguva refu.  Network kuverenga inogona kuvhurwa nekunyora kubva kunze kwebubble, pamwe kunyangwe kubva kune mamwe maitiro. Kunyangwe kana iye ega munyori kune network yekubatanidza ariwo mububble rimwechete, nguva yekumhanya haigone kusiyanisa pakati pekubatana kwakamirira kuti data rakawanda risvike uye imwe iyo kernel yakagamuchira data uye iri munzira yekuiendesa.  Kuyedza sevha yetiweki kana mutengi ane synctest kazhinji zvinoda kupa fake network kuita. Semuyenzaniso, iyo   function inogadzira peya   s anoshandisa in-memory network yekubatanidza uye anogona kushandiswa musynctest tests. net.Pipe net.Conn  Bubble hupenyu hwose  Iyo   basa rinotanga goroutine mune nyowani bubble. Inodzoka kana goroutine yega yega mububble yabuda. Zvinotyisa kana bubble rakavharwa nguva dzose uye risingakwanise kuvhurwa nekufamba kwenguva. Run  Zvinodikanwa kuti goroutine yese mububble ibude Run isati yadzoka zvinoreva kuti bvunzo dzinofanirwa kungwarira kuchenesa chero kumashure goroutines isati yapedza.  Kuedza networked code  Ngatitarisei mumwe muenzaniso, panguva ino tichishandisa   package yekuyedza chirongwa chinetiweki. Kune uyu muenzaniso, isu tichaedza   mabatiro epasuru ye100 Ramba mhinduro. testing/synctest net/http  Mutengi weHTTP anotumira chikumbiro anogona kusanganisira "Tarisira: 100-enderera" musoro wekuudza sevha kuti mutengi ane imwe data yekutumira. Sevha inogona kuzopindura ne100 Ramba uchipindura ruzivo kukumbira chimwe chikumbiro, kana neimwewo mamiriro ekuudza mutengi kuti zvirimo hazvidiwe. Semuenzaniso, mutengi ari kurodha faira hombe anogona kushandisa chimiro ichi kuratidza kuti sevha inoda kugamuchira faira isati yatumira.  Muedzo wedu unosimbisa kuti kana uchitumira "Tarisira: 100-enderera" musoro mutengi weHTTP haatumire zvirimo mukukumbira server isati yakumbira, uye kuti inotumira zvirimo mushure mekugamuchira zana Ramba mhinduro.  Kazhinji bvunzo dzemutengi anotaurirana uye sevha inogona kushandisa loopback network yekubatanidza. Paunenge uchishanda   , zvisinei, isu tinowanzo kuda kushandisa fake network yekubatanidza kutibvumira kuona kana goroutines ese akavharwa pane network. Tichatanga bvunzo iyi nekugadzira   (mutengi weHTTP) inoshandisa chinongedzo chemukati mememory chinogadzirwa   . testing/synctest http.Transport net.Pipe   func Test(t *testing.T) { synctest.Run(func() { srvConn, cliConn := net.Pipe() defer srvConn.Close() defer cliConn.Close() tr := &http.Transport{ DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) { return cliConn, nil }, // Setting a non-zero timeout enables "Expect: 100-continue" handling. // Since the following test does not sleep, // we will never encounter this timeout, // even if the test takes a long time to run on a slow machine. ExpectContinueTimeout: 5 * time.Second, }  Isu tinotumira chikumbiro pachifambiso ichi ne "Tarisira: 100-enderera" musoro seti. Chikumbiro chinotumirwa mune itsva goroutine, sezvo isingapedzi kusvika pakupera kwebvunzo.  body := "request body" go func() { req, _ := http.NewRequest("PUT", "http://test.tld/", strings.NewReader(body)) req.Header.Set("Expect", "100-continue") resp, err := tr.RoundTrip(req) if err != nil { t.Errorf("RoundTrip: unexpected error %v", err) } else { resp.Body.Close() } }()  Isu tinoverenga misoro yekukumbira yakatumirwa nemutengi.  req, err := http.ReadRequest(bufio.NewReader(srvConn)) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("ReadRequest: %v", err) }  Zvino tasvika pamwoyo wechiyedzo. Tinoda kutaura kuti mutengi haasati atumira mutumbi wekukumbira.  Isu tinotanga nzira itsva yekukopa muviri wakatumirwa kuseva kuita   , mirira kuti magoroutines ari mububble avharwe, uye ona kuti hatisati taverenga chero chinhu kubva mumuviri. strings.Builder  Kana tikakanganwa iyo   kufona, mujaho we detector uchanyunyuta nemazvo nezverudzi rwe data, asi   izvi zvakachengeteka. synctest.Wait Wait  var gotBody strings.Builder go io.Copy(&gotBody, req.Body) synctest.Wait() if got := gotBody.String(); got != "" { t.Fatalf("before sending 100 Continue, unexpectedly read body: %q", got) }  Isu tinonyora mhinduro ye "100 Ramba" kumutengi uye tinoona kuti ikozvino yatumira mutumbi wekukumbira.  srvConn.Write([]byte("HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n")) synctest.Wait() if got := gotBody.String(); got != body { t.Fatalf("after sending 100 Continue, read body %q, want %q", got, body) }  Uye pakupedzisira, tinopedzisa nekutumira "200 OK" mhinduro yekupedzisa chikumbiro.  Tatanga ma goroutine akati wandei panguva yebvunzo iyi. The   call inomirira kuti vese vabude vasati vadzoka. synctest.Run  srvConn.Write([]byte("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")) }) }  Uyu muedzo unogona kuwedzerwa nyore nyore kuedza mamwe maitiro, sekuona kuti chikwata chekukumbira hachina kutumirwa kana sevha ikasakumbira, kana kuti inotumirwa kana sevha ikasapindura mukati menguva.  Mamiriro ekuedza  Tiri kuunza   muGo 1.24   pasuru. Zvichienderana nemhinduro uye ruzivo tinogona kuiburitsa tiine kana tisina zvigadziriso, kuenderera mberi nekuyedza, kana kuibvisa mune ramangwana reGo. testing/synctest seyedzero  Iyo pasuru haionekwe neyakagadzika. Kuti uishandise, unganidza kodhi yako   yakaiswa munzvimbo yako. GOEXPERIMENT=synctest  Tinoda kunzwa mhinduro yako! Kana ukaedza   , ndapota taura zvawakasangana nazvo, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, on   . testing/synctest go.dev/issue/67434     Credits: Damien Neil   Mufananidzo    naGabriel Gusmao paUnsplash  Ichi chinyorwa chinowanikwa pa  pasi peCC BY 4.0 DEED rezinesi.   Iyo Go Blog

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