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Jaeger uses external services such as Elasticsearch, Cassandra and Kafka to ingest and persist trace data in production. The Jaeger collector and query service need to be configured with the storage solution of choice so they can write to it and query it. Elasticsearch vs. Cassandra is comparable with the overall throughput of Jaeger trace data with Elasticsearch. Cassandra is a key-value database, so it is more efficient for retrieving traces by trace ID, but it does not provide the same powerful search capabilities as Elastic search. Jaeger can also be queried directly, e.g. from Kibana dashboards.