How the Moon Impacts Subsea Communication Cables: Simple and Accurate Models for Tides

Author: (1) Lothar Moeller, SubCom, Eatontown, NJ 07724, USA, lmoeller@subcom.com. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction GPS Long-Term Stabilized RF Phase Meter Simple and Accurate models for tides Latency Variations on Transpacific Cable Poisson effect on pressurized cables Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References 3. SIMPLE AND ACCURATE MODELS FOR TIDES For a qualitative understanding of tidal signatures in our data we introduce a simple earth-lunar system followed by a quantitative analysis based on a tide simulator. The moon orbits the earth, envisioned as a sphere covered with a thin water layer (Fig. 3d). Both precess around their common barycentre. Gravitational, centrifugal, and centripetal forces stand in equilibrium and deform the water surface depending on the lunar position. When they both align with the sun, it maximizes the deformation resulting in two larger water bubbles (known as spring tides). A hypothetical cable connecting the earth’s North and South Pole would then experience higher than average static water pressures when passing underneath these bubbles (semidiurnal, 2x a day). At neap tide the proportions differ leading to weaker water elevations. While this simple model provides fundamental insights into the temporary evolution of the static water pressure, multiple factors, including continental boundaries, the ellipticity of the moon and sun’s orbits, and the obliquity of the earth axis, all significantly impact the actual tide dynamics. NASA’s GOT4.7 simulator takes the variables into account when globally computing tide levels with ~1 cm accuracy[6,7] . This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Author: (1) Lothar Moeller, SubCom, Eatontown, NJ 07724, USA, lmoeller@subcom.com. Author: Author: (1) Lothar Moeller, SubCom, Eatontown, NJ 07724, USA, lmoeller@subcom.com. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction GPS Long-Term Stabilized RF Phase Meter GPS Long-Term Stabilized RF Phase Meter Simple and Accurate models for tides Simple and Accurate models for tides Latency Variations on Transpacific Cable Latency Variations on Transpacific Cable Poisson effect on pressurized cables Poisson effect on pressurized cables Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References 3. SIMPLE AND ACCURATE MODELS FOR TIDES For a qualitative understanding of tidal signatures in our data we introduce a simple earth-lunar system followed by a quantitative analysis based on a tide simulator. The moon orbits the earth, envisioned as a sphere covered with a thin water layer (Fig. 3d). Both precess around their common barycentre. Gravitational, centrifugal, and centripetal forces stand in equilibrium and deform the water surface depending on the lunar position. When they both align with the sun, it maximizes the deformation resulting in two larger water bubbles (known as spring tides). A hypothetical cable connecting the earth’s North and South Pole would then experience higher than average static water pressures when passing underneath these bubbles (semidiurnal, 2x a day). At neap tide the proportions differ leading to weaker water elevations. While this simple model provides fundamental insights into the temporary evolution of the static water pressure, multiple factors, including continental boundaries, the ellipticity of the moon and sun’s orbits, and the obliquity of the earth axis, all significantly impact the actual tide dynamics. NASA’s GOT4.7 simulator takes the variables into account when globally computing tide levels with ~1 cm accuracy[6,7] . This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

How the Moon Impacts Subsea Communication Cables: Simple and Accurate Models for Tides

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How the Moon Impacts Subsea Communication Cables: Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References