Gemini - A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models: Contributions and Acknowledgments

Table of Links

Abstract and Introduction

Model Architecture

Training Infrastructure

Training Dataset

Evaluation

Responsible Deployment

Discussion and Conclusion, References

Contributions and Acknowledgments

Appendix

8. Contributions and Acknowledgments

Leads

Rohan Anil, Co-Lead, Text

Sebastian Borgeaud, Co-Lead, Text

Yonghui Wu, Co-Lead, Text

Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Co-Lead, MM Vision

Jiahui Yu, Co-Lead, MM Vision

Radu Soricut*, Co-Lead, MM Vision*

Johan Schalkwyk, Lead, MM Audio

Andrew M. Dai, Co-Lead, Data

Anja Hauth*, Co-Lead, Data*

Katie Millican, Co-Lead, Data

David Silver, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning

Slav Petrov, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning

Melvin Johnson, Lead, Instruction Tuning

Ioannis Antonoglou*, Co-Lead, RL Techniques*

Julian Schrittwieser, Co-Lead, RL Techniques

Amelia Glaese, Lead, Human Data

Jilin Chen, Lead, Safety

Emily Pitler, Co-Lead, Tool Use

Timothy Lillicrap, Co-Lead, Tool Use

Angeliki Lazaridou, Co-Lead, Eval

Orhan Firat, Co-Lead, Eval

James Molloy, Co-Lead, Infra

Michael Isard, Co-Lead, Infra

Paul R. Barham, Co-Lead, Infra

Tom Hennigan, Co-Lead, Infra

Benjamin Lee, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism

Fabio Viola, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism

Malcolm Reynolds, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism

Yuanzhong Xu, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism

Ryan Doherty, Lead, Ecosystem

Eli Collins, Lead, Product

Clemens Meyer, Co-Lead, Operations

Eliza Rutherford, Co-Lead, Operations

Erica Moreira, Co-Lead, Operations

Kareem Ayoub, Co-Lead, Operations

Megha Goel, Co-Lead, Operations

Core Contributors

George Tucker

Enrique Piqueras

Maxim Krikun

Iain Barr

Nikolay Savinov

Ivo Danihelka

Becca Roelofs

Core Contributors

Anaïs White

Anders Andreassen

Tamara von Glehn

Lakshman Yagati

Mehran Kazemi

Lucas Gonzalez

Misha Khalman

Jakub Sygnowski

Alexandre Frechette

Charlotte Smith

Laura Culp

Lev Proleev

Yi Luan

Xi Chen

James Lottes

Nathan Schucher

Federico Lebron

Alban Rrustemi

Natalie Clay

Phil Crone

Tomas Kocisky

Jeffrey Zhao

Bartek Perz

Dian Yu

Heidi Howard

Adam Bloniarz

Jack W. Rae

Han Lu

Laurent Sifre

Marcello Maggioni

Fred Alcober

Dan Garrette

Megan Barnes

Shantanu Thakoor

Jacob Austin

Gabriel Barth-Maron

William Wong

Rishabh Joshi

Rahma Chaabouni

Deeni Fatiha

Arun Ahuja

Ruibo Liu

Yunxuan Li

Sarah Cogan

Jeremy Chen

Core Contributors

Chao Jia

Chenjie Gu

Qiao Zhang

Jordan Grimstad

Ale Jakse Hartman

Martin Chadwick

Gaurav Singh Tomar

Xavier Garcia

Evan Senter

Emanuel Taropa

Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai

Jacob Devlin

Michael Laskin

Diego de Las Casas

Dasha Valter

Connie Tao

Lorenzo Blanco

Adrià Puigdomènech Badia

David Reitter

Mianna Chen

Jenny Brennan

Clara Rivera

Sergey Brin

Shariq Iqbal

Gabriela Surita

Jane Labanowski

Abhi Rao

Stephanie Winkler

Emilio Parisotto

Yiming Gu

Kate Olszewska

Yujing Zhang

Ravi Addanki

Antoine Miech

Annie Louis

Laurent El Shafey

Denis Teplyashin

Geoff Brown

Elliot Catt

Nithya Attaluri

Jan Balaguer

Jackie Xiang

Pidong Wang

Zoe Ashwood

Anton Briukhov

Albert Webson

Sanjay Ganapathy

Smit Sanghavi

Core Contributors

Ajay Kannan

Ming-Wei Chang

Axel Stjerngren

Josip Djolonga

Yuting Sun

Ankur Bapna

Matthew Aitchison

Pedram Pejman

Henryk Michalewski

Tianhe Yu

Cindy Wang

Juliette Love

Junwhan Ahn

Dawn Bloxwich

Kehang Han

Peter Humphreys

Thibault Sellam

James Bradbury

Varun Godbole

Sina Samangooei

Bogdan Damoc

Alex Kaskasoli

Sébastien M. R. Arnold

Vijay Vasudevan

Shubham Agrawal

Jason Riesa

Dmitry Lepikhin

Richard Tanburn

Srivatsan Srinivasan

Hyeontaek Lim

Sarah Hodkinson

Pranav Shyam

Johan Ferret

Steven Hand

Ankush Garg

Tom Le Paine

Jian Li

Yujia Li

Minh Giang

Alexander Neitz

Zaheer Abbas

Sarah York

Machel Reid

Elizabeth Cole

Aakanksha Chowdhery

Dipanjan Das

Dominika Rogozińska

Vitaly Nikolaev

Core Contributors

Pablo Sprechmann

Zachary Nado

Lukas Zilka

Flavien Prost

Luheng He

Marianne Monteiro

Gaurav Mishra

Chris Welty

Josh Newlan

Dawei Jia

Miltiadis Allamanis

Clara Huiyi Hu

Raoul de Liedekerke

Justin Gilmer

Carl Saroufim

Shruti Rijhwani

Shaobo Hou

Disha Shrivastava

Anirudh Baddepudi

Alex Goldin

Adnan Ozturel

Albin Cassirer

Yunhan Xu

Daniel Sohn

Devendra Sachan

Reinald Kim Amplayo

Craig Swanson

Dessie Petrova

Shashi Narayan

Arthur Guez

Siddhartha Brahma

Jessica Landon

Miteyan Patel

Ruizhe Zhao

Kevin Villela

Luyu Wang

Wenhao Jia

Matthew Rahtz

Mai Giménez

Legg Yeung

Hanzhao Lin

James Keeling

Petko Georgiev

Diana Mincu

Boxi Wu

Salem Haykal

Rachel Saputro

Kiran Vodrahalli

Core Contributors

James Qin

Zeynep Cankara

Abhanshu Sharma

Nick Fernando

Will Hawkins

Behnam Neyshabur

Solomon Kim

Adrian Hutter

Priyanka Agrawal

Alex Castro-Ros

George van den Driessche

Tao Wang

Fan Yang

Shuo-yiin Chang

Paul Komarek

Ross McIlroy

Mario Lučić

Guodong Zhang

Wael Farhan

Michael Sharman

Paul Natsev

Paul Michel

Yong Cheng

Yamini Bansal

Siyuan Qiao

Kris Cao

Siamak Shakeri

Christina Butterfield

Justin Chung

Paul Kishan Rubenstein

Shivani Agrawal

Arthur Mensch

Kedar Soparkar

Karel Lenc

Timothy Chung

Aedan Pope

Loren Maggiore

Jackie Kay

Priya Jhakra

Shibo Wang

Joshua Maynez

Mary Phuong

Taylor Tobin

Andrea Tacchetti

Maja Trebacz

Kevin Robinson

Yash Katariya

Sebastian Riedel

Core Contributors

Paige Bailey

Kefan Xiao

Nimesh Ghelani

Lora Aroyo

Ambrose Slone

Neil Houlsby

Xuehan Xiong

Zhen Yang

Elena Gribovskaya

Jonas Adler

Mateo Wirth

Lisa Lee

Music Li

Thais Kagohara

Jay Pavagadhi

Sophie Bridgers

Anna Bortsova

Sanjay Ghemawat

Zafarali Ahmed

Tianqi Liu

Richard Powell

Vijay Bolina

Mariko Iinuma

Polina Zablotskaia

James Besley

Da-Woon Chung

Timothy Dozat

Ramona Comanescu

Xiance Si

Jeremy Greer

Guolong Su

Martin Polacek

Raphaël Lopez Kaufman

Simon Tokumine

Hexiang Hu

Elena Buchatskaya

Yingjie Miao

Mohamed Elhawaty

Aditya Siddhant

Nenad Tomasev

Jinwei Xing

Christina Greer

Helen Miller

Shereen Ashraf

Aurko Roy

Zizhao Zhang

Ada Ma

Angelos Filos

Core Contributors

Milos Besta

Rory Blevins

Ted Klimenko

Chih-Kuan Yeh

Soravit Changpinyo

Jiaqi Mu

Oscar Chang

Mantas Pajarskas

Carrie Muir

Vered Cohen

Charline Le Lan

Krishna Haridasan

Amit Marathe

Steven Hansen

Sholto Douglas

Rajkumar Samuel

Mingqiu Wang

Sophia Austin

Chang Lan

Jiepu Jiang

Justin Chiu

Jaime Alonso Lorenzo

Lars Lowe Sjösund

Sébastien Cevey

Zach Gleicher

Thi Avrahami

Anudhyan Boral

Hansa Srinivasan

Vittorio Selo

Rhys May

Konstantinos Aisopos

Léonard Hussenot

Livio Baldini Soares

Kate Baumli

Michael B. Chang

Adrià Recasens

Ben Caine

Alexander Pritzel

Filip Pavetic

Fabio Pardo

Anita Gergely

Justin Frye

Vinay Ramasesh

Dan Horgan

Kartikeya Badola

Nora Kassner

Subhrajit Roy

Ethan Dyer

Core Contributors

Víctor Campos

Alex Tomala

Yunhao Tang

Dalia El Badawy

Elspeth White

Basil Mustafa

Oran Lang

Abhishek Jindal

Sharad Vikram

Zhitao Gong

Sergi Caelles

Ross Hemsley

Gregory Thornton

Fangxiaoyu Feng

Wojciech Stokowiec

Ce Zheng

Phoebe Thacker

Çağlar Ünlü

Zhishuai Zhang

Mohammad Saleh

James Svensson

Max Bileschi

Piyush Patil

Ankesh Anand

Roman Ring

Katerina Tsihlas

Arpi Vezer

Marco Selvi

Toby Shevlane

Mikel Rodriguez

Tom Kwiatkowski

Samira Daruki

Keran Rong

Allan Dafoe

Nicholas FitzGerald

Keren Gu-Lemberg

Mina Khan

Lisa Anne Hendricks

Marie Pellat

Vladimir Feinberg

James Cobon-Kerr

Tara Sainath

Maribeth Rauh

Sayed Hadi Hashemi

Richard Ives

Yana Hasson

YaGuang Li

Eric Noland

Core Contributors

Yuan Cao

Nathan Byrd

Le Hou

Qingze Wang

Thibault Sottiaux

Michela Paganini

Jean-Baptiste Lespiau

Alexandre Moufarek

Samer Hassan

Kaushik Shivakumar

Joost van Amersfoort

Amol Mandhane

Pratik Joshi

Anirudh Goyal

Matthew Tung

Andrew Brock

Hannah Sheahan

Vedant Misra

Cheng Li

Nemanja Rakićević

Mostafa Dehghani

Fangyu Liu

Sid Mittal

Junhyuk Oh

Seb Noury

Eren Sezener

Fantine Huot

Matthew Lamm

Nicola De Cao

Charlie Chen

Contributors

Gamaleldin Elsayed

Ed Chi

Mahdis Mahdieh

Ian Tenney

Nan Hua

Ivan Petrychenko

Patrick Kane

Dylan Scandinaro

Rishub Jain

Jonathan Uesato

Romina Datta

Adam Sadovsky

Oskar Bunyan

Dominik Rabiej

Shimu Wu

John Zhang

Contributors

Gautam Vasudevan

Edouard Leurent

Mahmoud Alnahlawi

Ionut Georgescu

Nan Wei

Ivy Zheng

Betty Chan

Pam G Rabinovitch

Piotr Stanczyk

Ye Zhang

David Steiner

Subhajit Naskar

Michael Azzam

Matthew Johnson

Adam Paszke

Chung-Cheng Chiu

Jaume Sanchez Elias

Afroz Mohiuddin

Faizan Muhammad

Jin Miao

Andrew Lee

Nino Vieillard

Sahitya Potluri

Jane Park

Elnaz Davoodi

Jiageng Zhang

Jeff Stanway

Drew Garmon

Abhijit Karmarkar

Zhe Dong

Jong Lee

Aviral Kumar

Luowei Zhou

Jonathan Evens

William Isaac

Zhe Chen

Johnson Jia

Anselm Levskaya

Zhenkai Zhu

Chris Gorgolewski

Peter Grabowski

Yu Mao

Alberto Magni

Kaisheng Yao

Javier Snaider

Norman Casagrande

Paul Suganthan

Evan Palmer

Contributors

Geoffrey Irving

Edward Loper

Manaal Faruqui

Isha Arkatkar

Nanxin Chen

Izhak Shafran

Michael Fink

Alfonso Castaño

Irene Giannoumis

Wooyeol Kim

Mikołaj Rybiński

Ashwin Sreevatsa

Jennifer Prendki

David Soergel

Adrian Goedeckemeyer

Willi Gierke

Mohsen Jafari

Meenu Gaba

Jeremy Wiesner

Diana Gage Wright

Yawen Wei

Harsha Vashisht

Yana Kulizhskaya

Jay Hoover

Maigo Le

Lu Li

Chimezie Iwuanyanwu

Lu Liu

Kevin Ramirez

Andrey Khorlin

Albert Cui

Tian LIN

Marin Georgiev

Marcus Wu

Ricardo Aguilar

Keith Pallo

Abhishek Chakladar

Alena Repina

Xihui Wu

Tom van der Weide

Priya Ponnapalli

Caroline Kaplan

Jiri Simsa

Shuangfeng Li

Olivier Dousse

Fan Yang

Jeff Piper

Nathan Ie

Contributors

Minnie Lui

Rama Pasumarthi

Nathan Lintz

Anitha Vijayakumar

Lam Nguyen Thiet

Daniel Andor

Pedro Valenzuela

Cosmin Paduraru

Daiyi Peng

Katherine Lee

Shuyuan Zhang

Somer Greene

Duc Dung Nguyen

Paula Kurylowicz

Sarmishta Velury

Sebastian Krause

Cassidy Hardin

Lucas Dixon

Lili Janzer

Kiam Choo

Ziqiang Feng

Biao Zhang

Achintya Singhal

Tejasi Latkar

Mingyang Zhang

Quoc Le

Elena Allica Abellan

Dayou Du

Dan McKinnon

Natasha Antropova

Tolga Bolukbasi

Orgad Keller

David Reid

Daniel Finchelstein

Maria Abi Raad

Remi Crocker

Peter Hawkins

Robert Dadashi

Colin Gaffney

Sid Lall

Ken Franko

Egor Filonov

Anna Bulanova

Rémi Leblond

Vikas Yadav

Shirley Chung

Harry Askham

Luis C. Cobo

Contributors

Kelvin Xu

Felix Fischer

Jun Xu

Christina Sorokin

Chris Alberti

Chu-Cheng Lin

Colin Evans

Hao Zhou

Alek Dimitriev

Hannah Forbes

Dylan Banarse

Zora Tung

Jeremiah Liu

Mark Omernick

Colton Bishop

Chintu Kumar

Rachel Sterneck

Ryan Foley

Rohan Jain

Swaroop Mishra

Jiawei Xia

Taylor Bos

Geoffrey Cideron

Ehsan Amid

Francesco Piccinno

Xingyu Wang

Praseem Banzal

Petru Gurita

Hila Noga

Premal Shah

Daniel J. Mankowitz

Alex Polozov

Nate Kushman

Victoria Krakovna

Sasha Brown

MohammadHossein Bateni

Dennis Duan

Vlad Firoiu

Meghana Thotakuri

Tom Natan

Anhad Mohananey

Matthieu Geist

Sidharth Mudgal

Sertan Girgin

Hui Li

Jiayu Ye

Ofir Roval

Reiko Tojo

Contributors

Michael Kwong

James Lee-Thorp

Christopher Yew

Quan Yuan

Sumit Bagri

Danila Sinopalnikov

Sabela Ramos

John Mellor

Abhishek Sharma

Aliaksei Severyn

Jonathan Lai

Kathy Wu

Heng-Tze Cheng

David Miller

Nicolas Sonnerat

Denis Vnukov

Rory Greig

Jennifer Beattie

Emily Caveness

Libin Bai

Julian Eisenschlos

Alex Korchemniy

Tomy Tsai

Mimi Jasarevic

Weize Kong

Phuong Dao

Zeyu Zheng

Frederick Liu

Fan Yang

Rui Zhu

Mark Geller

Tian Huey Teh

Jason Sanmiya

Evgeny Gladchenko

Nejc Trdin

Andrei Sozanschi

Daniel Toyama

Evan Rosen

Sasan Tavakkol

Linting Xue

Chen Elkind

Oliver Woodman

John Carpenter

George Papamakarios

Rupert Kemp

Sushant Kafle

Tanya Grunina

Rishika Sinha

Contributors

Alice Talbert

Abhimanyu Goyal

Diane Wu

Denese Owusu-Afriyie

Cosmo Du

Chloe Thornton

Jordi Pont-Tuset

Pradyumna Narayana

Jing Li

Saaber Fatehi

John Wieting

Omar Ajmeri

Benigno Uria

Tao Zhu

Yeongil Ko

Laura Knight

Amélie Héliou

Ning Niu

Shane Gu

Chenxi Pang

Dustin Tran

Yeqing Li

Nir Levine

Ariel Stolovich

Norbert Kalb

Rebeca Santamaria-Fernandez

Sonam Goenka

Wenny Yustalim

Robin Strudel

Ali Elqursh

Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Charlie Deck

Shyam Upadhyay

Hyo Lee

Mike Dusenberry

Zonglin Li

Xuezhi Wang

Kyle Levin

Raphael Hoffmann

Dan Holtmann-Rice

Olivier Bachem

Summer Yue

Sho Arora

Eric Malmi

Daniil Mirylenka

Qijun Tan

Christy Koh

Soheil Hassas Yeganeh

Contributors

Siim Põder

Steven Zheng

Francesco Pongetti

Mukarram Tariq

Yanhua Sun

Lucian Ionita

Mojtaba Seyedhosseini

Pouya Tafti

Ragha Kotikalapudi

Zhiyu Liu

Anmol Gulati

Jasmine Liu

Xinyu Ye

Bart Chrzaszcz

Lily Wang

Nikhil Sethi

Tianrun Li

Ben Brown

Shreya Singh

Wei Fan

Aaron Parisi

Joe Stanton

Chenkai Kuang

Vinod Koverkathu

Christopher A. Choquette-Choo

Yunjie Li

TJ Lu

Abe Ittycheriah

Prakash Shroff

Pei Sun

Mani Varadarajan

Sanaz Bahargam

Rob Willoughby

David Gaddy

Ishita Dasgupta

Guillaume Desjardins

Marco Cornero

Brona Robenek

Bhavishya Mittal

Ben Albrecht

Ashish Shenoy

Fedor Moiseev

Henrik Jacobsson

Alireza Ghaffarkhah

Morgane Rivière

Alanna Walton

Clément Crepy

Alicia Parrish

Contributors

Yuan Liu

Zongwei Zhou

Clement Farabet

Carey Radebaugh

Praveen Srinivasan

Claudia van der Salm

Andreas Fidjeland

Salvatore Scellato

Eri Latorre-Chimoto

Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska

David Bridson

Dario de Cesare

Tom Hudson

Piermaria Mendolicchio

Lexi Walker

Alex Morris

Ivo Penchev

Matthew Mauger

Alexey Guseynov

Alison Reid

Seth Odoom

Lucia Loher

Victor Cotruta

Madhavi Yenugula

Dominik Grewe

Anastasia Petrushkina

Tom Duerig

Antonio Sanchez

Steve Yadlowsky

Amy Shen

Amir Globerson

Adam Kurzrok

Lynette Webb

Sahil Dua

Dong Li

Preethi Lahoti

Surya Bhupatiraju

Dan Hurt

Haroon Qureshi

Ananth Agarwal

Tomer Shani

Matan Eyal

Anuj Khare

Shreyas Rammohan Belle

Lei Wang

Chetan Tekur

Mihir Sanjay Kale

Jinliang Wei

Contributors

Ruoxin Sang

Brennan Saeta

Tyler Liechty

Yi Sun

Yao Zhao

Stephan Lee

Pandu Nayak

Doug Fritz

Manish Reddy Vuyyuru

John Aslanides

Nidhi Vyas

Martin Wicke

Xiao Ma

Taylan Bilal

Evgenii Eltyshev

Daniel Balle

Nina Martin

Hardie Cate

James Manyika

Keyvan Amiri

Yelin Kim

Xi Xiong

Kai Kang

Florian Luisier

Nilesh Tripuraneni

David Madras

Mandy Guo

Austin Waters

Oliver Wang

Joshua Ainslie

Jason Baldridge

Han Zhang

Garima Pruthi

Jakob Bauer

Feng Yang

Riham Mansour

Jason Gelman

Yang Xu

George Polovets

Ji Liu

Honglong Cai

Warren Chen

XiangHai Sheng

Emily Xue

Sherjil Ozair

Adams Yu

Christof Angermueller

Contributors

Xiaowei Li

Weiren Wang

Julia Wiesinger

Emmanouil Koukoumidis

Yuan Tian

Anand Iyer

Madhu Gurumurthy

Mark Goldenson

Parashar Shah

MK Blake

Hongkun Yu

Anthony Urbanowicz

Jennimaria Palomaki

Chrisantha Fernando

Kevin Brooks

Ken Durden

Harsh Mehta

Nikola Momchev

Elahe Rahimtoroghi

Maria Georgaki

Amit Raul

Sebastian Ruder

Morgan Redshaw

Jinhyuk Lee

Komal Jalan

Dinghua Li

Ginger Perng

Blake Hechtman

Parker Schuh

Milad Nasr

Mia Chen

Kieran Milan

Vladimir Mikulik

Trevor Strohman

Juliana Franco

Tim Green

Program Leads

Demis Hassabis

Koray Kavukcuoglu

Overall Technical Leads (equal contribution)

Jeffrey Dean

Oriol Vinyals

The roles are defined as below:

• Lead: Individual(s) responsible for the sub-team throughout the project.

• Core Contributor: Individual that had significant impact throughout the project.

• Contributor: Individual that had contributions to the project and was partially involved with the effort.

• Program Lead: Responsible for the organizational aspects of the Gemini effort

• Overall Technical Lead: Responsible for the technical direction of the overall Gemini effort

Within each role, contributions are equal, and are listed in a randomized order. Ordering within each role does not indicate ordering of the contributions.

Gemini is a cross-Google effort, with members from Google DeepMind (GDM), Google Research (GR), Knowledge and Information (K&I), Core ML, Cloud, Labs, and more.

We thank our reviewers and colleagues for their valuable discussions and feedback on the report— Alexandra Belias, Arielle Bier, Eleanor Tomlinson, Emily Hossellman, Gaby Pearl, Helen King, Hollie Dobson, Jaclyn Konzelmann, Jennifer Beroshi, Joel Moss, Jon Small, Jonathan Fildes, Oli Gaymond, Rebecca Bland, Reena Jana, and Tom Lue.

Our work is made possible by the dedication and efforts of numerous teams at Google. We would like to acknowledge the support from Abhi Mohan, Adekunle Bello, Aishwarya Nagarajan, Alaa Saade, Alejandro Lince, Alexander Chen, Alexander Kolbasov, Alexander Schiffhauer, Amar Subramanya, Ameya Shringi, Amin Vahdat, Anda Rabatić, Anthonie Gross, Antoine Yang, Anthony Green, Anton Ruddock, Art Khurshudov, Artemis Chen, Arthur Argenson, Avinatan Hassidim, Beiye Liu, Benjamin Schroeder, Bin Ni, Brett Daw, Bryan Chiang, Burak Gokturk, Carl Crous, Carrie Grimes Bostock, Charbel Kaed, Charlotte Banks, Che Diaz, Chris Larkin, Christy Lian, Claire Cui, Clare Bycroft, Corentin Tallec, Daniel Herndon, Dave Burke, David Battle, David Engel, Dipannita Shaw, Donghyun Koo, Doug Ritchie, Dragos Stefanescu, Elissa Wolf, Emre Sargin, Eran Ofek, Eric Herren, Estella King, Fatema Alkhanaizi, Felix Gimeno, Fernando Pereira, Florent Altché, Gabriel Carvajal, Gaurav Gandhi, George Powell, Goran Pavičić, Harry Richardson, Hassan Wassel, Hongji Li, Idan Szpektor, Igor Ivanisevic, Ivan Jambrešić, Ivan Jurin, Jade Fowler, James Assiene, Jay Yagnik, Jeanbastien Grill, Jeff Seibert, Jenna LaPlante, Jessica Austin, Jianxing Lu, Jim O’Keeffe, Jin Huang, Joe Heyward, Johannes Welbl, John Jumper, Jonathan Caton, Josh Woodward, Joshua Foster, Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool, Katrina Wong, Kavya Kopparapu, Kelvin Nguyen, Kira Yin, Konstantin Sharlaimov, Kun Li, Lee Hong, Lilly Taylor, Longfei Shen, Luc Mercier, Maciej Mikuła, Mania Abdi, Manuel Sanchez, Maria Ines Aranguren, Mario Carlos Cortes III, Matthew Tait, Matthias Lochbrunner, Mehdi Ghissassi, Micah Mosley, Michael Bendersky, Michael Figurnov, Michael Harris, Michael Mathieu, Michael O’Neill, Michael Vorburger, Mihir Paradkar, Nandita Dukkipati, Nathan Carter, Nathan Watson, Neil Rabinowitz, Nikhil Dandekar, Nishant Ranka, Obaid Sarvana, Olcan Sercinoglu, Olivier Lacombe, Ottavia Bertolli, Paul Caron, Pranesh Srinivasan, Praveen Kumar, Rahul Sukthankar, Raia Hadsell, Rajagopal Ananthanarayanan, Roberto Lupi, Rosie Zou, Sachin Menezes, Sadegh Jazayeri, Sam Cheung, Sameer Bidichandani, Sania Alex, Sanjiv Kumar, Sara Wiltberger, Sarah Fitzgerald, Saz Basu, Sebastian Nowozin, Shannon Hepburn, Shayne Cardwell, Sissie Hsiao, Srinivasan Venkatachary, Sugato Basu, Sundar Pichai, Sundeep Tirumalareddy, Susannah Young, Swetha Vijayaraghavan, Tania Bedrax-Weiss, Taylor Applebaum, Teiva Harsanyi, Terry Chen, Tim Blyth, Ting Liu, Tom Cobley, Tomas Izo, Trystan Upstill, Varun Singhai, Vedrana Klarić Trupčević, Victor Cai, Vladimir Pudovkin, Vu Dang, Wenbo Zhao, Wesley Crow, Wesley Szeng, Xiaodan Song, Yazhou Zu, Ye Tian, Yicong Wang, Yixing Wang, Yossi Matias, Yunlong Jiao, Zachary Jessup, Zhenchuan Pang, Žiga Avsec, Zimeng Yang, and Zoubin Ghahramani. We’d also like to recognize the AlphaCode team, the Borg Scheduling team, the Facilities team, the Gemini Demo Team, the Global Server Ops (GSO) team, the JAX team, the the Legal team, ML SRE team, the ML Supercomputer (MLSC) team, the PartIR team, the Platforms Infrastructure Engineering (PIE) team, and the XLA Compiler team.

We thank everyone at Google not explicitly mentioned above, who have shared excitement, given feedback on early Gemini models or created interesting demo uses of Gemini, and worked with or supported the core Gemini team on many aspects of this project.