Render is a one-stop shop for web application infrastructure, simplifying the hosting of static content, databases, microservices, and more. Whether you’re maintaining a monolith application or have adopted a microservice pattern — and you’re not yet ready to create an entire SRE team — Render is a good choice for your infrastructure and hosting needs. In this article, we’ll focus on debugging in Render. We’ll build a simple Node.js microservice with a PostgreSQL database. We’ll deploy these two components with Render and then demonstrate two different ways to debug our service and database. We’ll use Log Streams for accessing syslogs and Datadog for observability metrics and alerts. Are you ready? Let’s dive in. Hosting a Node.js App with Render The intent of this article is to do a deep dive on building a Node.js microservice application. However, if you have some experience with Node.js, TypeScript, Express, and PostgreSQL, you’ll likely find additional value in the code presented here. no t Our mini-demo application is a user management API with several typical endpoints for retrieving, creating, updating, or deleting users. Behind the scenes, the service performs query operations on the PostgreSQL database. You can find the complete application code . here Set up a Datadog account Before we can set up our PostgreSQL instance, we’ll need to get our hands on a Datadog API key. You can sign up for a free trial account and then follow to obtain an API key. We’ll discuss Datadog in more detail soon. these instructions Deploy a PostgreSQL instance We’ll start with the PostgreSQL instance since we’ll need database credentials before we can use our Users service. To create an instance for your project, log in to and click the button in the top right corner. Then, click on to start the process. This drops you into a form to configure your database: Render New + PostgreSQL Specify a name for your instance, along with a database name and user name for access. For the “Datadog API Key” field, it’s important to because it’s difficult to add it after the database has been created. Paste in the API key that you generated from the previous step. add this now Click and wait for the initialization to complete. Render will display the credentials for your new database. You’ll need those later when setting up your Users’ service. Create Database Initialize database schema Note also that we’ll need to initialize the schema in this new database, creating a user table with proper columns. We’ll do this via the package. The instructions for initializing the database are in the code repository’s file. However, we’ll bundle this step into our application’s startup command on Render. node-pg-migrate README Deploy Users microservice Deploying a microservice with Render is straightforward, especially if you host your code in or . After you connect your code hosting account to Render, return to your Render dashboard. Click on the button and select . Select the code repository with your microservice. GitLab GitHub New + Web Service Each input field is well-documented on this page. For our example Node.js service, we want to ensure the following: The “Environment” should be set to . Node The “Build Command” should be so that all the dependencies are installed and the final system is built. yarn install && yarn build The “Start Command” (not shown) for this particular product will run our database migration and start up our application. It should be: yarn migrate up --no-reject-unauthorized && yarn start:prod In addition, the “Advanced” menu contains additional fields that we’ll need to fill in for this project. We need to set five environment variables for database connectivity: DB_HOST DB_NAME DB_USER DB_PASSWORD — This is the database connection string used by . Its value is , with the actual values for these placeholders filled in. For example: DATABASE_URL node-pg-migrate postgres://DB_USER:DB_PASSWORD@DB_HOST:5432/DB_NAME postgres://john:Ue473C@dpg-1g50-a.oregon-postgres.render.com:5432/mydb These credentials should come from the PostgreSQL instance you created in the previous step. Lastly, make sure to set the “Health Check Path” to to facilitate zero-downtime deploys and health monitoring within Render. /health Click . Render will work its magic and deploy this service from your repository! Create Web Service Debugging with Datadog Datadog is a cloud-based SaaS that provides extensive log aggregation and searching tools as well as monitoring and alerting capabilities. Whether you have a single service or ten thousand, Datadog is a useful tool for gaining a deeper understanding of how your resources are running. We’ve already connected our PostgreSQL instance to Datadog by including the Datadog API key during its creation. This provides monitoring capabilities for many different metrics on this database instance. The full list of supported metrics for PostgreSQL is available . Let’s look at how to use these metrics for monitoring and alerting. here Exploring metrics Log into your Datadog account and navigate to the page. Metrics The top line of the shows the toolbar with various dropdown and input boxes for filtering what metrics are displayed in the graph. The default metric, is shown. If your database was configured correctly with the API key, then you should see a line graph displaying the percentage of time the CPU spent running user space processes. Metrics Explorer metric query system.cpu.user When you click on the “from” dropdown menu, you’ll see two potential sources for your database’s metrics: Metrics can be shown based on a specific database within a host, or across the entire host. For our example, there is only one database instance running on the host. Therefore, with this particular metric, there’s no difference between the database-specific and the host-specific metric. If you want to investigate a different metric, select the first input box and enter . The auto-complete will show different memory-related metrics: system.mem If you select , you’ll start to see the database host’s memory that is in use. Notice that the dialog provides a description of the selected metric. system.mem.used The PostgreSQL-specific metrics that are available in Datadog are also interesting. For example, we can monitor the number of active connections to the database at any time. In this query, the “from” field uses the single-database instance, and Datadog sums the data based on the property on the metric. database-id Monitoring is a useful debugging tool. If you’re experiencing slow database response with your application, you can view the current metrics in Datadog. By correlating PostgreSQL metrics like query times or connection counts with application response times, you might surface a poorly written query associated with a specific endpoint or specific code that is improperly cleaning up database connections. Access to these metrics may provide the key to solving an issue. Of course, resolving an issue usually depends on your awareness that the issue is occurring. Fortunately, Datadog provides significant resources for upon an occurrence of poor performance currently happening with your systems. You can configure these alerts to monitor the metrics that you choose, pushing notifications to various places. alerting Let’s talk about Alerts as a tool for debugging web applications. Alerts in Datadog Select from the Datadog navigation bar, and then select and choose the monitor type. Monitors New Monitor Metric We’ll create a monitor to alert us when the number of active database connections exceeds a threshold. Select and then define the metric query just as you would on the metrics page. We want to use the metric from our single database instance. Lastly, we select the threshold. If the “minimum number of connections” is above a threshold, this indicates that there are currently too many connections on this database instance. That’s when we should be alerted. Threshold Alert postgres.connections min by Next, define the threshold values that trigger an alert: This is a contrived example, but it means that Datadog will trigger a if it detects 12 connections to the database over the past five minutes. Meanwhile, we’ll receive a full on 20 connections to the database over the past five minutes. warning alert Finally, we set up the notifications to occur when an alert is triggered. For example, Datadog can send notifications to Jira, Slack, or a custom webhook endpoint. Setting up notifications is beyond the scope of this article, but the Datadog is clear. documentation for notifications Alerts are important for debugging a web application, as they raise awareness that a problem is happening, pointing you to the relevant metrics describing the current state of the system. The metrics we’ve looked at so far are mostly of the “outside the system looking in” variety. Next, let’s look at how to use logs to understand what is happening of the system itself. inside Debugging with Log Streams In Node.js development, using is a common debugging technique. Seeing log output is easy when you’ve deployed your Node.js application to your local machine, but it’s challenging if you’ve deployed it to the cloud. This is where help. console.log Log Streams Render Log Streams enable the exporting of syslogs from your deployed services to an external log aggregator. Datadog is one example, but Render supports others too, including and . Papertrail LogTail Set up syslog export To set up syslog export, log into your Render account and go to your page. Click on Log Streams. Add the endpoint for your log aggregator, along with an API token (if any). For our example, we’ll send our syslogs to Datadog. Account Settings In Datadog, navigate to the tab. Logs This brings you to the dashboard where you can see a live tail of all the logs being ingested by your Datadog account. This includes logs emitted by our database instance, our Node.js microservice, and the Render build process for our microservice. Log Search To narrow down the logs, we can add the hostname to the query search bar. The result will show only those logs coming from our Users microservice instance (both the application logs and the Render build logs). Logs emitted from the application via or a logger such as Pino will show up here, aiding in the debugging effort. You can trace entire requests through your systems by following them through your various services logs. As data flows through your system from your API endpoints to the service layer and then to the database layer, you can use logs to track down the root cause of issues. console.log Leveraging logs for debugging How might you use logs from your Node.js application to help you with debugging? Here are a few helpful suggestions: Using is good practice because it ensures graceful handling when an error is thrown. In the block, you can do more than just handle the exception; emit a log message with helpful contextual information. Then, query for these kinds of messages in your log management system to track down the root cause. Emit a log when catching an exception. try-catch catch When using , you’re not limited to just using . You can also use functions like , , and . Doing so will help you differentiate the severity of what you’re logging, making it easier to query or filter for specific issues. Use other severities besides log . console console.log console.info console.debug console.error Most log management systems have an alerting mechanism, allowing you to set certain conditions on incoming logs which would result in triggering a notification. For example, if your Node.js application logs every HTTP response code (such as , , and ), then you can set up an alert to notify you when a certain response code is seen too frequently. You could set up an alert to tell you when a or a code has been seen more than five times in ten minutes, indicating a possible issue that needs to be dealt with immediately. Set up alerts on certain log conditions. 200 401 500 500 401 Conclusion In our mini-project, we built a small microservice application using a simple Node.js backend service and a PostgreSQL database. We deployed both pieces to Render so that we could explore system debugging through Render. We looked at two different ways of debugging: Sending observability metrics to Datadog, working in conjunction with alerts and notifications. Using Log Streams to export syslogs from your different application components, which we also viewed in Datadog. When issues with your microservice application arise, your team needs to respond quickly to reduce or prevent downtime. Effective debugging techniques coupled with alerts and notifications can equip you for fast response. If you’re deploying your application to Render, then you have quick and simple facilities — a Datadog integration and Log Streams — to provide real-time debugging insights and alerts. Also published . here

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