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This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Tomáš Jakl, Czech Academy of Sciences and Czech Technical University; (2) Dan Marsden, School of Computer Science University of Nottingham; (3) Nihil Shah, Department of Computer Science University of Oxford. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Prelimenaries FVM Theorems for Positive Existential Fragments FVM Theorems for Counting Logic FVM Theorems for The Full Logic Abstract FVM Theorems for Products Adding Equality and Other Enrichment Conclusions, Acknowledgments & References Appendix A FVM theorems for coproducts Appendix B Proofs Omitted from Section III Appendix C Proofs Omitted from Section IV Appendix D Proofs Omitted from Section V Appendix E Proofs Omitted from Section VI Appendix F Proofs Omitted from Section VII VIII. CONCLUSION We presented a categorical approach to the composition method, and specifically Feferman–Vaught–Mostowski theorems. We exploit game comonads to encapsulate the logics and their model comparison games. Surprising connections to classical constructions in category theory, and especially the monad theory of bilinear maps emerged from this approach, cf. Section V-A. For finite model theorists, our work provides a novel highlevel account of many FVM theorems, abstracting away from individual logics and constructions. Furthermore, concrete instances of these theorems are verified purely semantically, by finding a suitable collection homomorphisms forming a Kleisli law satisfying (S2’), instead of the usual delicate verification that strategies of model comparison games compose. For game comonads, we provide a much needed tool that enables us to handle logical relationships between structures as they are transformed or viewed in terms of different logics. The FVM results in this paper, combined with judicious use of the techniques described in Section VII can be pushed significantly further. FVM theorems and the compositional method are of particular significance in the setting of monadic second-order (MSO) logic [49]. Exploiting the results we have presented for the composition method, a follow up paper will give a comonadic semantics for MSO, and develop a semantic account of Courcelle’s algorithmic meta-theorems [5]. The original theorem of Feferman–Vaught [3] is very flexible, including incorporating structure on the indices of families of models to be combined by an operation, as well as the models themselves. This aspect is currently outside the scope of our comonadic methods. An ad-hoc adaptation of our approach also gives a proof of the FVM theorem for free amalgamations, but this does not follow directly from our theorems. Developing these extensions is left to future work. The present work bears some resemblance to Turi and Plotkin’s bialgebraic semantics [50], a categorical model of structural operational semantics (SOS) [51]. Turi and Plotkin noticed that the SOS rules assigning behaviour to syntax could be abstracted as a certain distributive law λ. An algebra encodes the composition operations of the syntax, and a coalgebra the behaviour. If this pair is suitably compatible with λ, forming a so-called λ-bialgebra, then crucially bisimulation is a congruence with respect to the composition operations. Both bialgebraic semantics and our work presented in this paper give a categorical account of well-behaved composition operations, with the interaction between composition and observable behaviour mediated by some form of distributive law. There are also essential differences: bialgebraic semantics typically focuses on assigning behaviour to syntax, whereas FVM theorems encompass operations on models. Our FVM theorems are parametric in a choice of logic or observable behaviour, while the notion of bisimulation in bialgebraic semantics is fixed by the coalgebra signature functor. The natural presence of positive existential and counting quantifier variants of FVM theorems, and the incorporation of resource parameters, do not seem to have a direct analogue in bialgebraic semantics. The similarities are intriguing, and exploring the relationship between bialgebraic semantics and our approach to FVM theorems is left to future work. We would like to thank Clemens Berger for suggesting the connection with parametric adjoints and Nathanael Arkor for his suggestions on terminology. We are also grateful to the members of the EPSRC project “Resources and co-resources” for their feedback. Acknowledgements: REFERENCES [1] L. Libkin, Elements of finite model theory. Springer, 2004, vol. 41. [2] A. Mostowski, “On direct products of theories,” The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–31, 1952. [3] S. Feferman and R. L. Vaught, “The first-order properties of algebraic systems,” Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 47, 1959. [4] J. A. 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A Categorical Account of
Composition Methods in Logic: Conclusions, Acknowledgments & References

Before making any investments, you should ensure to conduct your own thorough research and due diligence. Thanks to environmental awareness and innovative blockchain technology, the eTukTuk Coin (or $TUK) is well on its way to shining in the crypto space. The transport industry urgently needs an eco revolution. goal is to make transportation more environmentally friendly and efficient. eTukTuk's eTukTuk Price Development Forecast Predictions on the crypto market require a mix of market research, familiarity with technological developments, and a feel for the investors. Many people are interested in eTukTuk because of its unusual combination of environmental friendliness and blockchain technology. So this is what every eTukTuk outlook looks like, giving you relevant information: There is hope for eTukTuk by the end of the year. 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These are crucial aspects of eTukTuk Coin price development: Initial launch at $0.005, setting the base value. Mid-2021 peak at $0.03 catalyzed by green initiatives. Late 2021 plunged to $0.015, reflecting overall market turmoil. 2022 notable increase to $0.06, driven by useful features and strategic partnerships. Presale started 2023 Payment methods BNB, USDT, USD Chain Binance, BNB Hard cap 2,000,000,000 Min Invest Not specified Max Invest Not specified eTukTuk Price Prediction 2024 Even though volatility in the crypto space is extremely high, experienced analysts are often able to identify patterns and predict future directions. The coin is used for this volatility. eTukTuk The global trend towards environmentally friendly transportation is an important factor in the $TUK price. eTukTuk has a leg up on the competition because it shares the same purpose as the growing movement of governments around the world to advocate for more sustainable transportation. 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Usefulness: $TUK has a large and active community, which bodes well for the future of the coin. Community: $TUK does not rest on its laurels, but is constantly innovating, as the announced innovations and partnerships show. Innovation: However, potential investors should conduct their own due diligence and not rely solely on market performance before making any financial commitments. How to Buy $TUK – Guide Buying new coins can be an exciting adventure, but it can seem complicated to beginners. Below is a detailed guide on how to buy $TUK: Step 1: Choose your wallet Before you buy $TUK, you should get a wallet. To store and manage your cryptocurrency, you can use one of these two wallets: Software Wallets: These wallets can be installed on different devices. They are easier to use in most cases. Hardware Wallets: Hardware wallets provide additional protection for storing cryptocurrencies outside of the cloud. 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That’s how it works: To start the transfer, enter the recipient address of your wallet. Double-check addresses before making a transaction. If you follow these instructions, getting $TUK shouldn't be too difficult. Always put security first and review any new services or platforms you plan to use. Conclusion Many members of the crypto community are fascinated by . There has been much talk about its development potential, fueled by its unique branding coupled with its widespread mode of transportation. eTukTuk ($TUK) The volatility of the market makes it difficult to predict the exact future of a cryptocurrency, but $TUK has some intriguing features that could contribute to its success. The development of the coin is heavily influenced by external forces and market trends as well as the unique features of the currency. Anyone who wants to make a $TUK investment or learn more about it should do their research to avoid making hasty judgments. Disclaimer: This article should not be taken as investment advice. Since cryptocurrency is a highly volatile investment product, please conduct your own research before investing.

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eTukTuk ($TUK) 的价格预测：市场发展的深入分析

Words by and Zaira Rasool Alex David Pratt WHAT ARE THE TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES THAT EXIST IN THE GAMBIA AND IN AFRICA? The significant impact of technology on society, culture, and economy is undeniable. It has now become common to discuss technology together with innovation, as well as becoming a growing consideration for the government, the law, social initiatives, and families to contend with. How should we use technology for our benefit? What are the risks, and how do we manage them? How can we use technology to enhance our businesses? What safety measures do we need to take to protect our children from unwanted influence? What new possibilities in terms of careers and aspirations does technology make possible? There are some pioneering examples of technology initiatives within Africa. Wave (Fintech) has taken Africa by storm, Maraphones (Locally Manufactured Smartphone), BuXin (Electric Vehicle), Kids in Tech (robotics) and Fortizo Technologies (consumer electronics) are but a few of many other examples. Within the Gambia itself, you see people solving a whole range of social problems with technology (you can hear more about it in ). this video In this article, we will dive deeper into the possibilities that exist for young Gambia, full of innovative and energetic minds who seek better opportunities and environments to thrive, to technologically advance their nations, and to contribute their innovative solutions to the global landscape. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE LOOK LIKE? WHAT NEW REALITIES AND SOLUTIONS CAN BE CREATED THROUGH THE POWER OF TECHNOLOGY? The Gambia is in dire need of a change in the status quo. Most of the methods and processes of doing business and more are quite antiquated. Take, for instance, the banking sector; we should have passed the point where people have to queue for long hours just to withdraw money. Change should be initiated in the financial realm, as well as many other areas, and this necessary evolution is possible mainly through the transformative power of technology. Opening up new ways of doing business, creating new lifestyles, and interacting with each other: Until now, many within Africa may have felt limited by the skills, knowledge, and resources available within the country and, to some extent, lost hope or the ability to look to the sky and dream big. However, with the increasing access to technology and the access to information that comes with it, Gambians have new opportunities at their fingertips. With time, this allows us to dream bigger and imagine new realities for our prospects and lives. Opening up the imagination and sense of empowerment through technology: Technology wields the power of solving some of the most pressing problems in the Gambia, illegal migration included. We can create innovative solutions to these problems and then communicate and take action to solve them without the need to leave our homes. This is the power of technology. That isn’t to say that you should aim to rely on technology and never leave home, but when there is no other option (due to safety and accessibility issues), technology plays a key role in empowering people to make a difference. On a lighter note, boredom, suppressed ambitions, and depression can be resolved with virtual gaming experiences, or furthermore, other extended reality tools can aid youth to vividly live their dream lives and make income by gaming professionally. A means of pulling us out of our boredom and suppressed ambitions into a world of possibilities: Although one of the smallest countries in Africa, The Gambia has the potential to be a pioneering hub of digital innovation. Like Cuba is known globally for its expert doctors, Gambia can champion its skills in technology and enterprise. The country is 65% under 25, many of whom are self-starters from a young age. The economy is, in bulk, self-employed rather than in jobs, with a large percentage of the population working in agriculture. This is a fertile breeding ground for the next generation of technology innovators solving some of the most pressing global problems in agriculture, urbanization, and youth unemployment. Putting the Gambia on the global map: HOW CAN WE MAKE THESE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES HAPPEN IN THE GAMBIA? HOW SOON CAN IT HAPPEN? An open-source approach to skills development is perfect for developing the technology ecosystem in a place like The Gambia. There is a sincere desire to grow and learn within the country, and a willingness to share and support each other is an integral part of the culture. This creates the perfect environment for a robust open-source culture to flourish - where skills and opportunities are resources that can be exchanged and traded between people and organizations for economic growth. In recent years, young Gambians have been able to access information, resources, and support from around the globe - courses in technical skills, online mentoring from professionals in other countries, and countless examples to inspire innovation. Creating an open-source network, sharing skills, resources, and opportunities: There are a plethora of courses now available to Gambians through which they can acquire the relevant technical skills to create extraordinary innovations. The University of Applied Science Engineering and Technology features an innovation lab, one of the many great institutions in the Gambia, granting young minds the opportunity to create disruptive solutions and out-of-the-box conceptions. Technical training is a means of creating higher IQs, mental training, and sharper attention to detail. The bridge between potential and performance is training, and although there is a lot already available, there are significant gaps that need to be filled. Changing what is possible, what opportunities are available to young Gambians: The Gambia needs more research labs that delve into cutting-edge technology like robotics, AI, and other advanced technology areas if we are to majorly contribute to the rapid technological advancement happening all over the world, and expose Gambians to the possibilities of technology for the country. We can start imagining smart cities and artificially intelligent traffic systems that are integrated with self-driving cars through IoT, holographic technology, and customized learning through AI. Creating spaces and places for young, innovative minds to thrive and imagine: New realities emerge on the technological horizon at a rate that sometimes seems too fast-paced for developing nations like The Gambia to keep up with. Nonetheless, history has proven and continues to prove that this is not the case. Africans continue to amaze more developed nations with the novel ideas they invent. From the biological AI revolution by Nana Kofi Quaky in Ghana to the IoT waste management systems in Kenya, it is clear that Africa has a lot in store for the global technological community. This future, although sophisticated,  is one that preserves rather than harms or destroys the planet. The introduction of electric vehicle (EV) technology is ironclad proof that there is a big appetite for more green alternatives to technology. With EV, Fairphones, and other green technology our future is looking both safe and nourishing, so we can preserve the beauty of the Smiling Coast and help it to thrive for generations. Recognizing the potential and power that already exists for us to make these realities now: What does Gambia want their future to look like? How can technology aid the creation of that future? What new realities can we imagine for our planet? What part do Gambians have to play in that? Tell us your thoughts on these questions in the comments below. Authors Zaira Rasool is the Founder of Coderoots, on a mission to provide digital access and technology education to those who need it most. The majority of Coderoots’ work is focused on providing access to resources that will allow people to create their own pathways within technology and succeed in their careers, as well as provide opportunities for their country. She is a Software Engineer with a decade’s experience in community development. Find out more on and via . Instagram this video Alex David Pratt is the author of AI Demystified and the pioneer of Fortizo Technologies, a consumer electronics creator and managed IT services company on a mission to reinvent how Gambians consume technology through the invention of technology solutions geared towards the local market. He is a self-taught technologist, delving into software engineering, ethical hacking, deep tech, and AI. He describes himself as a tech futurist on a mission to catapult mankind to technological advancement through research, development, and innovation. You can learn more about his work on the and his personal . Fortizo Technologies blog LinkedIn

Futurism in Africa: Creating New Realities With The Power of Technology

Let's learn about via these 33 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Smart Cities /Learn Repo 1. How Smart are our Homes Getting? Smart spaces will become an essential part of our lives, he says. Smart homes are changing our lives in the same way as wearable devices. 2. Micro Electric Vehicles and their Massive Advantages Over Standard EVs Companies around the world are developing smaller, more efficient electric cars that provide solutions to growing concerns within the standard EV market. 3. Smart Trains: A Long Journey to Transportation Revolution Smart cars might be the future, but what about high-speed smart trains? 4. 5 Reasons Our Cities Are Not Full of Autonomously Flying Drones (Yet!) We are slowly but surely moving towards a world where autonomous drones will play a major role. In this article, I will show you what stopes them today. 5. Building a Smart City with Smart Transportation Systems To achieve the smart cities of the future, government officials need to develop smart infrastructure to increase road and passenger safety. 6. 5 Intriguing Applications of Computer Vision in Smart Cities Computer vision will radically change smart technology. Here are five ways it's already impacting smart cities. 7. How Technology Can Help Make Sustainable Cities As the global population continues to grow exponentially, the number of people living in urban areas is growing the fastest. With over 50% of the world’s population currently living in major cities, and an anticipated 2.4 billion more over the next 30 years, the term ‘megacity’ has been created to describe the urban metropolises of the future. 8. We Will Soon Enter the 5G Revolution Since 2009, 4G has been an essential technology in our hyperconnected world, enabling our handsets to consume and produce multimedia, browse the majority of internet web sites, and run awesome apps. But these features have been evolving towards more and more data consumption rates, because hardware resources like CPU, memory and screens allowed them to process large amounts of data. 9. Smart Cities Raise Data Privacy Concerns Should you be excited about smart cities or concerned about your privacy and data? I go through three of the ten privacy principles (PIPEDA) and their effects. 10. Using IoT to Solve Housing Problems and Improve Safety IoT can help manage air quality and emissions at industrial sites, improve control over electricity, water, and heat meters, and more. 11. What AI Advancements Will Mean for Our Daily Lives in 2021 AI arguably dates to the 1950s when Alan Turning invented the Turing Test. This was essentially a machine that could think for itself. Fast forward 70 years and if sci-fi thrillers made throughout the years are anything to go by, the world is overrun by robots and human beings are now servants to the machined man. 12. Are Smart Cities a Threat to Data Privacy? For smart cities to function, they must collect data. But is that good for citizens? Is true data privacy achievable for smart cities? 13. The Automotive Industry Continues to Widen its Connectivity The Future Is Now 14. AI-enabled Smart Cities: What to Get Right Data is the foundation of smart cities. However, to deliver the right solutions, planners must establish sustainable data and AI technology policies. 15. How Are Smart Cities Made 'Smart': Top 6 Enabling Technologies The ultimate goal of smart cities is to improve citizens’ quality of life, reduce the cost of living and attain a sustainable environment through technology. 16. Eco-Big Data Applications in the City: Cleaning Up with IoT and ML Digitalization is possible not only in enterprises. Digital transformation is catching up even with cities to make them more convenient for residents and less harmful to the planet. How to quickly monitor garbage cans, the state of forest parks, cycling and air purity with the help of big data, machine learning and the Internet of things? 17. The 23rd Century: Enter the Smart City While it is easy to visualize a smartphone, a smart TV, or even a smart car — the quintessential 23rd Century smart city might largely elicit confusion from the public. 18. How to Determine the Relative Smartness Level of a City To determine the relative smartness level of a city, there are several indicators that have been defined to arrive as such a number. These indicators, among many others, are: 19. Is "Society 5.0" Supplementing AI as Technology's Latest and Greatest Snake Oil? Photo Credit, Jeremy Weate 20. How Local Governments are Future-Proofing their Urban Centres with Blockchain Technology Nearly two thirds of the global population are city-dwellers. Urbanization, whilst generally associated with increased standards of living, better job opportunities, and access to critical services like healthcare, is intertwined with rapid industrialization, which puts tremendous pressure on environmental resources. 21. How IoT Technology Helps Cities to Focus on People As cities are concentrating the largest part of the world’s population, they face challenges that have never existed before. Evolution of smart cities from basic infrastructure elements to a comfortable urban ecosystem supports citizens throughout their lives and raises new concerns. 22. Is AI the Best Solution for Crowd Management? We increasingly use technology for a broad variety of purposes. One new purpose has been to manage crowds in crowded events to streamline the experience. 23. The Birth of a New Niche — Smart Cities By 2050, 66% of the world’s inhabitants will live in cities. Rapid urbanization entails global challenges, such as air pollution, power shortages, clean drinking water, and overpopulation. The demand from cities for technological solutions to these problems now makes up a global market of $1.5 trillion in value. 24. Understanding Usage Control in Smart Cities: Smart Health Use Case Usage control provides fine grained access to data and resources through restricting access to smart health resources. 25. Life in Smart Cities: Your Walk in the Park isn't Private Anymore Access control ensures authorized access to the city's municipalities, which is critical for ensuring the security of smart cities. 26. How Swarm Intelligence-Powered Vehicles and Smart Cities can Help Streamline Traffic Given the advent of autonomous cars and their growing penetration in the transportation market, it is empirical that companies consider using Swarm Intelligence to tackle traffic and make the daily commute a lot more pleasant for billions around the world. 27. Building Robots for Smarter Cities: How the Manufacturing Process is Everything Hardware is seeing a resurgence and exponential innovation similar to the software boom a decade ago. And as a robotic delivery company founded in 2017, we have been navigating the manufacturing world and hardware revolution, picking up product design and smart tips along the way. [28. Edge Computing Is So Fun - Part 2: The Future  Begins with The Road Side Unit](https://hackernoon.com/edge-computing-is-so-fun-part-2-the-future-begins-with-the-road-side-unit-4ls3wrp) This is the second in a series of articles on edge computing, delving into the infrastructure of outdoor edge computing, the emergence of the Roadside Unit as a common building block, a real-life example of the Roadside Unit, and the way forward. 29. Digital Dystopia as a Panopticon Model of Society Much has been written about the mechanisms of social control that have appeared in China since 2010. And especially many publications are devoted to the emerging system of social credit, which will allow monitoring and regulate the behavior of citizens, which later transforms into a system of social rating. 30. Understanding Data Usage Control in a Smart City Learn how data usage can be controlled in smart cities? 31. Art + Science + Scripture = Bible Math This science/scripture/art article known as Bible Math came about in a most-riveting, creative, and spiritual way. For over two decades, I have been leading weekly Bible Discussion Groups and studying the Bible with people on an individual mentoring level. In the course of these spiritual adventures, as part of the City of Angels International Christian Church, I am typically delighted to share the gospel with all who are willing to listen and put the word of God into practice. Such delight is especially true of the following mathematics-focused Bible study. [32. Edge Computing Is So Fun Part 3: Help Save The Planet With Smart Cities](https://hackernoon.com/edge-computing-is-so-fun-part-3-help-save-the-planet-with-smart-cities-n5143e85) Figure 1. Singapore was ranked №1 on the Institute for Management Development’s 2020 Smart City Index Report. Credit: International Case Studies of Smart Cities 33. Why SigFox is Not a Good Option for Connected Street-Lighting SigFox has notable data size limitations; while it can be good for several IoT applications, it limits the smart street lighting E2E capabilities. Thank you for checking out the 33 most read stories about Smart Cities on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

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