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The State of Privacy Privacy is a major challenge for , Ethereum in particular. There are myriads of use cases which require the ability to transact privately in order to avoid signalling other parties who could take action against the information revealed. blockchains One notable example is on-chain voting. If votes can be publicly tallied before the voting period has ended, new voters are able to use this information in a way which influences their votes. An elegant solution to this problem called solves this problem by allowing a participant to hide their vote until the voting period has ended. This is great, because it means a user can credibly commit to secret data on-chain, which is only revealed at a later date. However, the participating address and weight of the vote are publicly known before the end of the voting period. weighted commit-reveal voting So, what if the participant wishes to completely hide their participation in the vote until the voting period is over? This is where submarine sends come into play. Hidden Transactions = Submarine Sends Regular commit-reveal schemes are limited to hiding the data included in the Ethereum transaction. permit the user to hide the entire transaction until it is revealed in a later block. That is, it is possible to hide the sender, receiver, value and data. Here are a few use cases. Submarine Sends Sealed bid auctions In a sealed bid auction, it must be possible to credibly commit to a price without revealing it publicly. If the bid is in ETH, it’s impossible to hide the price with normal commit/reveal. Frontrunning protection Any DEX is susceptible to as a miner can observe transactions in the mempool and place an order ahead of the transaction in a block. frontrunning On-chain voting As mentioned previously, regular commit/reveal cannot hide participation or value of votes. How Submarine Sends Work A major challenge with implementing Submarine Sends is gas consumption and UX. proposed an elegant solution which is both gas efficient and minimizes the number of user generated transactions. The solution requires the interaction of 4 accounts: A user (Alice), a hidden address (Submarine), a dApp, and a Challenger. Alice performs 3 or 4 transactions depending on the implementation. **@**ethlorenz Process Alice commits value and data to a hidden submarine address. Alice reveals the value and data to the dApp after at least one block. Alice broadcasts raw signed unlock transaction where Submarine address sends the value to the dApp. dApp finalizes the process by retrieving the value and data. Safety In this system, Alice has the opportunity to act maliciously by revealing different value and data than what she previously committed. This behaviour can be prevented by requiring Alice to submit a deposit with the reveal and requiring a challenge period between the unlock and finalize transaction where a challenger can prove Alice is cheating and claim her deposit. Gas The sum of gas used for user generated transactions amounts to roughly 207k gas whereas the challenge amounts to roughly 270k gas. LibSubmarine Internals We built as a modular and reusable implementation of the Submarine Sends scheme. The architecture consists of a library for generating and executing the commit-reveal scheme and a separate library called for the generation and verification of the Merkle-Patricia Proofs used by the challenger. LibSubmarine ProvEth and libraries LibSubmarine Proveth LibSubmarine First, the off-chain procedure consists of generating a pseudo-signature which can be used to ‘trick’ the Ethereum chain to accept a one-off transaction from an address for which we do not have the private key. This is possible because the address sending a transaction is not actually defined in a raw broadcasted Ethereum transaction. Instead, ‘From’ addresses are computed on the fly by Ethereum clients based on the signature attached to a transaction. ECDSA Secp256k1 Because of the way ECDSA works, it is possible to pass arbitrary data as a transaction signature and call to obtain an ECDSA public key which corresponds to the Ethereum `From` address of the transaction. ecrecover(Txdata) This constructed transaction becomes the unlock transaction which can be executed once the user has completed the reveal step. Once the off-chain procedure is complete, the user proceeds to the four steps outlined in the previous section. Commit, Reveal, Unlock, and Finalize. More details can be found in our . Github repo ProvEth This library creates proofs off-chain using the transaction trie of an Ethereum block and verifies the proof on-chain using smart contracts. merkle-patricia This proof is what a challenger submits to credibly claim that Alice is acting maliciously and slash her deposit. This library was re-packaged from the and can be used as a tool to perform merkle-patricia proof verification on chain. Peace Relay Wrapping it up. Check out our . We would love some help with improving the library. Otherwise you can encourage us with a tweet to get the word out! 👌 Github If your curiosity is still tingling - keep your eyes peeled! We will be posting additional articles covering the code in detail. technical This is a tool by the community, for the community using the MIT License. 💯 All credit for discovering this scheme goes to the IC3 team with their and to for finding a cost effective implementation. submarines sends article **@**ethlorenz Thank you to , , and for being bad-ass devs and helping review this article! **@**relyt29 **@**sbetamc **@**ethlorenz

LibSubmarine: Temporarily hide transactions on ethereum (cheaply!)

Key Insights The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Covalent announced plans to introduce a revenue-sharing model in the future, implementing a buyback program at the end of January that repurchased 219,000 CQT by the end of Q1. In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM), a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. Covalent increased its network operator set by decentralizing another network operator role called the Block Results Producer (BRP) and adding more validators to an already decentralized set of operators called the Block Specimen Producer (BSP) in Q3 2023. Key Metrics Performance Analysis Network Covalent has hundreds of enterprise as well as thousands of broader crypto industry API customers using its robust infrastructure to access structured data. These data consumers range from traditional finance and consulting companies to AI, DeFi applications and investment tools. A few notable users include Fidelity, EY, Consensys, Matcha, Rainbow Wallet, and CoinLedger. To arrive at the data these entities consume, the protocol must extract, transform, and enrich the raw blockchain data to make it accessible. Staked CQT Covalent uses a Stake-for-Access model where network operators (BSPs and BRPs) stake CQT to perform work on the network. Covalent employs staking parameters, such as max/min values and a delegation ratio to ensure staked CQT remains distributed among the operator sets. BSPs must stake a minimum of 175,000 CQT and are restricted to 350,000 CQT. Alternatively, BRPs must stake a minimum of 35,000 CQT, are restricted to 70,000 CQT, and do not receive delegation. Covalent has now migrated the staking contract from Moonbeam to Ethereum. The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. When the BRP role decentralized in mid-August 2023, it enabled a new group of network operators to stake CQT. Nevertheless, the BRP node set accounts for less than 600,000 of the 184 million CQT staked, representing just 0.3%. Given the maximum stake limits and that most BSPs have not reached delegator capacity, contributors to the growth in the percentage of staked CQT can be partially attributed to the 9% YoY increase in active delegators and the addition of two new BSPs in Q3 2023, which increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. Financial Market Cap The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Since Covalent opened the BRP role and added two new operators in mid-August 2023, the CQT price has risen 232%, while the broader market only appreciated 132% in the same time period. Though the BRP role minimally impacted the amount of CQT staked, adding two new BSPs increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. This reduced tradable CQT and applied upward pressure on the asset price. In late January, Covalent implemented a CQT buyback program. Although only 219,000 CQT were bought back by the end of Q1, this program lays the foundation for linking network demand directly to increased buying pressure on CQT. Essentially, as API query demand rises, Covalent's revenue will increase, enabling further buybacks of CQT with the additional revenue. Qualitative Analysis Ethereum Wayback Machine In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM). The EWM is a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. It was born from Ethereum’s introduction of state expiry in its Dencun upgrade. State expiry addresses Ethereum state bloat from rollups posting transaction data to the network. All the additional data could lead to performance degradation, high storage costs, and increased sync times for nodes in the long term.\ EIP-4844 (a part of Dencun) introduced a blob transaction type that rollups will use to post data more cheaply to Ethereum. Furthermore, blob data is only stored by Ethereum consensus layer nodes (beacon nodes) for roughly 18 days before being deleted. Covalent’s EWM will store blob data indefinitely, providing a persistent and verifiable layer for storing rollup history. In addition to archival purposes, the EWM will help applications from compliance to AI model training. AI Use Cases Covalent's structured data is used by a wide range of consumers, from taxation tools (CoinLedger) to investor dashboards (Consensys) to user wallets (Rainbow). Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging data consumer well-suited for Covalent’s data infrastructure products. To attract AI talent to the Covalent product, the team has administered multiple grants to AI projects. The Q1 grantees using Covalent in their AI applications are detailed below. SmartWhales: an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\


BotFi: a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience.


Laika AI: a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. Entendre Finance: an AI accounting tool that enables users to aggregate onchain activity from different platforms, automating transaction tracking, analysis, and record-keeping. Closing Summary Covalent has significantly improved its network since Messari’s last report on the protocol in Q4 2022. It has expanded support to over 225 blockchains, decentralized another layer in its supply-side operations, launched the GoldRush developer kit, implemented a CQT buyback program, and announced the Ethereum Wayback Machine. As we move forward into the remainder of 2024 and beyond, Covalent is poised to increase its API usage while continuing to enhance its protocol in the next stage of the market cycle. This story was distributed as a release by Btcwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author Key Insights The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Covalent announced plans to introduce a revenue-sharing model in the future, implementing a buyback program at the end of January that repurchased 219,000 CQT by the end of Q1. Covalent announced plans to introduce a revenue-sharing model in the future, implementing a buyback program at the end of January that repurchased 219,000 CQT by the end of Q1. In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM), a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM), a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. Covalent increased its network operator set by decentralizing another network operator role called the Block Results Producer (BRP) and adding more validators to an already decentralized set of operators called the Block Specimen Producer (BSP) in Q3 2023. Covalent increased its network operator set by decentralizing another network operator role called the Block Results Producer (BRP) and adding more validators to an already decentralized set of operators called the Block Specimen Producer (BSP) in Q3 2023. Key Metrics Performance Analysis Network Covalent has hundreds of enterprise as well as thousands of broader crypto industry API customers using its robust infrastructure to access structured data. These data consumers range from traditional finance and consulting companies to AI, DeFi applications and investment tools. A few notable users include Fidelity, EY, Consensys, Matcha, Rainbow Wallet, and CoinLedger. To arrive at the data these entities consume, the protocol must extract, transform, and enrich the raw blockchain data to make it accessible. Covalent Covalent Staked CQT Covalent uses a Stake-for-Access model where network operators (BSPs and BRPs) stake CQT to perform work on the network. Covalent employs staking parameters , such as max/min values and a delegation ratio to ensure staked CQT remains distributed among the operator sets. BSPs must stake a minimum of 175,000 CQT and are restricted to 350,000 CQT. Stake-for-Access Stake-for-Access staking parameters staking parameters Alternatively, BRPs must stake a minimum of 35,000 CQT, are restricted to 70,000 CQT, and do not receive delegation. Covalent has now migrated the staking contract from Moonbeam to Ethereum . to Ethereum to Ethereum The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. When the BRP role decentralized in mid-August 2023, it enabled a new group of network operators to stake CQT. Nevertheless, the BRP node set accounts for less than 600,000 of the 184 million CQT staked, representing just 0.3%. Given the maximum stake limits and that most BSPs have not reached delegator capacity, contributors to the growth in the percentage of staked CQT can be partially attributed to the 9% YoY increase in active delegators and the addition of two new BSPs in Q3 2023, which increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. Financial Market Cap The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Since Covalent opened the BRP role and added two new operators in mid-August 2023, the CQT price has risen 232%, while the broader market only appreciated 132% in the same time period. Though the BRP role minimally impacted the amount of CQT staked, adding two new BSPs increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. This reduced tradable CQT and applied upward pressure on the asset price. In late January, Covalent implemented a CQT buyback program. Although only 219,000 CQT were bought back by the end of Q1, this program lays the foundation for linking network demand directly to increased buying pressure on CQT. Essentially, as API query demand rises, Covalent's revenue will increase, enabling further buybacks of CQT with the additional revenue. buyback buyback Qualitative Analysis Ethereum Wayback Machine In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine ( EWM ). The EWM is a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. It was born from Ethereum’s introduction of state expiry in its Dencun upgrade. State expiry addresses Ethereum state bloat from rollups posting transaction data to the network. All the additional data could lead to performance degradation, high storage costs, and increased sync times for nodes in the long term.\ introduced introduced EWM EWM Dencun Dencun EIP-4844 (a part of Dencun) introduced a blob transaction type that rollups will use to post data more cheaply to Ethereum. Furthermore, blob data is only stored by Ethereum consensus layer nodes (beacon nodes) for roughly 18 days before being deleted. Covalent’s EWM will store blob data indefinitely, providing a persistent and verifiable layer for storing rollup history. In addition to archival purposes, the EWM will help applications from compliance to AI model training. EIP-4844 EIP-4844 18 18 AI Use Cases Covalent's structured data is used by a wide range of consumers, from taxation tools (CoinLedger) to investor dashboards (Consensys) to user wallets (Rainbow). Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging data consumer well-suited for Covalent’s data infrastructure products. To attract AI talent to the Covalent product, the team has administered multiple grants to AI projects. The Q1 grantees using Covalent in their AI applications are detailed below. Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence SmartWhales: an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\ BotFi: a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience. Laika AI: a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. SmartWhales: an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\ SmartWhales : an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\ SmartWhales SmartWhales BotFi: a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience. BotFi : a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience. BotFi BotFi Laika AI: a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. Laika AI : a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. Laika AI Laika AI Entendre Finance: an AI accounting tool that enables users to aggregate onchain activity from different platforms, automating transaction tracking, analysis, and record-keeping. Entendre Finance : an AI accounting tool that enables users to aggregate onchain activity from different platforms, automating transaction tracking, analysis, and record-keeping. Entendre Finance Entendre Finance Closing Summary Covalent has significantly improved its network since Messari’s last report on the protocol in Q4 2022. It has expanded support to over 225 blockchains, decentralized another layer in its supply-side operations, launched the GoldRush developer kit, implemented a CQT buyback program, and announced the Ethereum Wayback Machine. As we move forward into the remainder of 2024 and beyond, Covalent is poised to increase its API usage while continuing to enhance its protocol in the next stage of the market cycle. last report last report This story was distributed as a release by Btcwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author This story was distributed as a release by Btcwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author Btcwire https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author

Messari Summary Report On Covalent’s Growth In Market Cap, Staking And Token Buyback In Q1 2024

Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data

কেন PostgreSQL ডেটার ভবিষ্যতের ভিত্তি

Warum PostgreSQL das Fundament für die Zukunft der Daten ist

Por qué PostgreSQL es la base del futuro de los datos

Pourquoi PostgreSQL est le fondement de l'avenir des données

PostgreSQL डेटा के भविष्य का आधार क्यों है?

PostgreSQL がデータの未来の基盤となる理由

PostgreSQL이 데이터 미래의 기반인 이유

Por que o PostgreSQL é a base para o futuro dos dados

Почему PostgreSQL является основой будущего данных

PostgreSQL Neden Verinin Geleceğinin Temel Taşıdır?

Tại sao PostgreSQL là nền tảng cho tương lai của dữ liệu

为什么 PostgreSQL 是未来数据的基石

Speaking with builders in the crypto space, we can see that the combination of AI and blockchain technology has two sides: on the one hand, it could make blockchain much more efficient and scalable through AI; on the other, it could make market consolidation, high computing demands, and the need for cost-effective solutions more difficult. Important insights include using blockchain to improve AI's security and honesty while warning against overhyped apps that don't add value. Let's take a look at some of the differing opinions of different experts in the crypto industry. The Hype and Reality of AI-Based Tokens There's no denying the buzz surrounding AI-based tokens, and Tristan Dickinson, Head of Marketing and Communications at dYdX Foundation, believes that the actual benefits of AI are being overlooked due to a greater focus on the popular narrative of AI itself. Dickinson said "There is a lot of hype around AI-based tokens. What hype can gloss over is the underlying benefits of Artificial Intelligence. When programmed correctly, AI should bring efficiency, scalability, and advancements in blockchain capability." According to Dickinson, AI, and blockchain could work well together because they both use data and code as their base, creating an excellent environment for AI to grow. Dickinson's words also point to a future in which AI is more commonly used in blockchain, going from being a theory to being used in real projects. "Blockchain is data—and code-based, creating an ideal platform for AI to thrive. As tangible use cases take over hype cycles, we could see AI weaved into the fabric of most if not all projects; however, caution is needed," Dickinson added, further breaking down his viewpoints. However, Dickinson's cautionary note about the potential misuse of AI underscores the ethical considerations and the need for responsible deployment of AI technologies. Dickinson said, "AI can be utilized for good just as easily as people can use it for bad." As a result, ethics and good government become even more important in developing and using AI in the blockchain space and beyond. His balanced view points towards a future where AI and blockchain can work together, as long as careful control is maintained to lower the risks associated with AI's ability to be used for malicious purposes. Market Consolidation Through Network Incentives Fraser Edwards, CEO and co-founder at cheqd, illuminates the competitive landscape that AI tokens are navigating. Edwards believes that because AI models need a lot of computer power, flexible and cheap processing tools must be available for AI-based projects to grow. Edwards broke it down, saying, "For AI tokens in particular, there are forces that will consolidate the market through a fight through network incentives for providers. AI models are compute-heavy and hence require sufficient availability at scale. Furthermore, since they are compute-heavy, there is a heavy focus on optimizing for a low cost." Since cost may play a factor in the growth of AI-based projects, this could affect how these projects operate according to Edwards. "Providers themselves will naturally head where incentive and real rewards are greatest," Edwards said, continuing to say: "Hence, there will be rapid competition to collect and retain as much network power as possible through rewards and incentives while simultaneously providing cheap computing to users, meaning protocol revenues will be squeezed. There may be a drive to specialize and niche down as a network, but there will be destruction in the absence of differentiation." Edwards also draws a parallel to the early days of ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft, when they had to deal with a "cold start" problem, which is when a startup tries to grow in a market with few participants. "In short, it will become a classic cold start problem situation where networks or protocols need to amass as much supply-side inventory as possible in anticipation of the demand side. It will be a repeat of Uber and Lyft for AI computing, with all the incentive games being repeated," Edwards said. Finishing on a positive note, Edward expressed his belief that the market is growing and has a lot of promise, saying, "All that being said, the market is burgeoning with huge scope for growth, so this consolidation may be some ways off." Blockchain: The Antithesis and Savior of AI Scott Dykstra, CTO & Co-founder of Space and Time, a web3 data warehouse, offers a nuanced perspective on the relationship between AI and blockchain. He describes blockchain as a counterpoint and a crucial ally to AI, especially in the emerging generative era dominated by deepfakes and fraudulent content. Dykstra explained, "Blockchain is both the antithesis to AI and, conversely, the thing that it needs the most. We all know we're entering the new generative era of the internet, where fraudulent content and deepfakes can be created in seconds." "Two of the most obvious use cases for AI x blockchain are cryptographic watermarking for on-chain audit trails of content provenance and using ZK to verify the integrity of a model's training data." Dykstra continued to break it down, saying "But it's important to make a distinction between real use cases where blockchain technology is used to secure and verify AI, and protocols that are building an AI framework simply because they see the writing on the wall of where the industry is headed. However, he also distinguishes between genuine use cases and the trend of building decentralized AI frameworks for their own sake. The real value lies in delivering cost-effective and rapid AI inference to end users, a goal currently hindered by the increased costs and complexity of verifying AI models on the blockchain. "Building decentralized AI for the sake of decentralized AI doesn't necessarily provide value to the end user. At the end of the day, the end user wants the cheapest and fastest AI inference possible," Dykstra said. Dykstra also cites cryptographic watermarking and zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs as two ways to ensure the integrity of training data as an example of how AI and blockchain might work together. Dykstra said, "The challenge is that verifying AI models in production, whether using optimistic, consensus, or ZK verification methods, increases the cost and complexity of running AI inference. This piece has to be solved before we can move forward and find real adoption of blockchain as a tool for AI," Conclusion When AI and blockchain are used together, it can lead to new ideas and protocols, but it can also cause some challenges, i.e., high costs and high computing power, as mentioned by Edwards. Suppose projects focus on cost-effectiveness and scalability when installing AI models. In that case, they must balance offering incentives for network involvement and ensuring that computer resources are accessible cheaply. The ideas shared by Dickinson, Edwards, and Dykstra shed light on some of the challenges and opportunities ahead.

Exploring Various Opinions on AI in the Crypto & Blockchain Space

Never have I ever seen on my Twitter timeline. so much anti-Ethereum propaganda Every other day, there’s a new Layer 1 that is doubted as the but Ethereum doesn’t know it, so it remains undeterred, focusing on its growth and improvement. “Ethereum killer”, This commitment to progress is evident in the recently unveiled , spotlighting key developments that promise to enhance scalability and user experience. Ethereum roadmap for 2024 Among those, finally, which will make it much easier for Layer 2 to publish data on Ethereum. a date was set for EIP-4844, While competition becomes fierce, these new ERC and EIP are set to greatly improve Ethereum's scalability and user experience. Let's dive into these exciting updates, including ERC-4337, EIP-4844, EIP-3074, and EIP-5003. ERC-4337: Revolutionizing Smart Contract Wallets The introduction of the ERC-4337 standard is a significant leap in the evolution of smart contract wallets. This improvement introduces a novel concept called " ." account abstraction ERC-4337 is an proposal that completely Instead of adding new protocol features and changing the bottom-layer transaction type, this proposal called a . Account Abstraction avoids the need for consensus-layer protocol changes. introduces a higher-layer pseudo-transaction object UserOperation More on ERC-4337: https://twitter.com/johnrising_/status/1629470535397539840 Traditionally, Ethereum accounts are separated into externally owned accounts (EOAs) and smart contract accounts. However, user-operated EOAs often pose challenges in terms of usability and security. ERC-4337 blurs these lines, allowing users to interact with smart contracts more intuitively. The way users interact with Ethereum needs to step up to the enhanced complexity of the landscape. We have already seen the emergence of Account abstraction-based solutions, such as and . Creso Wallet Avocado Wallet The introduction of ERC-4337 will pose the foundation for a series of improvements to wallet designs, as well as reduced complexity for end users. Among other things, ERC-4337 greatly improves the end-user experience as well as enables new possibilities such as gasless transactions or social logins and password recovery. Key Features of ERC-4337 Include: : By integrating more complex logic into wallets, users can set conditions for transactions, like multi-factor authentication or daily spending limits. Enhanced Security : It simplifies interactions for non-technical users, making the Ethereum ecosystem more accessible. User-Friendly : Users could potentially pay transaction fees in tokens other than ETH, adding a layer of convenience. Gas Fee Payments in Tokens EIP-4844: Boosting Layer 2 Efficiency To create a cheap place for L2 solutions to post data on Ethereum and reduce overall transaction fees users pay on L2 by a lot. Why EIP-4844: L2s produce an increasing amount of data. If there’s a way to post that data cheaply, this will immediately reduce how much the networks charge users to transact. Problem: New transaction format for . It contains a large amount of data that Instead of embedding the full contents in the body, the contents of the blobs are propagated separately, as a Solution: “blob-carrying transactions” “cannot be accessed by EVM execution, but whose commitment can be accessed.” “sidecar.” EIP-4844, often referred to as is a significant stride towards solving Ethereum's scalability issues. It introduces a new transaction type that allows – temporary data that can be used by Layer 2 solutions like rollups. "proto-danksharding" "shard blobs" introduces a new kind of transaction type to Ethereum which accepts " " of data to be persisted in the beacon node for a short period. EIP-4844 blobs Instead of containing transactions being executed in the Ethereum blocks, shard blocks would just contain and would be the “blobs of data” responsibility of L2 to use that data space to create a secure and more scalable experience for their users. What is important about EIP-4844 is that its value will trickle down to users, as we will all be able to benefit from lower L2 fees. Why Will L2s Fees Be Lower? EIP-4844 separates fees for transaction and computation storage. L2 will use a different function to submit “ ” to Ethereum. blobs of using which stores data forever, s, which are pruned after a pre-defined period. Instead “CALLDATA”, they would use blob The blobs of data don’t have to be available , but for a certain period (e.g., 1-3 months), long enough to allow The data gets then pruned. forever L2s to ensure at least 1 honest actor to reconstruct the state and challenge or replace the bad sequencer. by allowing them to initially scale to 0.25 MB per slot, with a separate fee market for blobs allowing fees to be very low. EIP-4844 provides significant scaling relief for rollups transactions will be 10x cheaper. Read: The Potential Impacts of EIP-4844 Include : By lowering the data costs, it makes Layer 2 solutions more economical, encouraging broader adoption. Reduced Costs for Layer 2 : This can lead to a more scalable network, capable of handling more transactions per second. Increased Transaction Throughput : With faster and cheaper transactions, the overall user experience on Ethereum improves dramatically. Enhanced User Experience I wrote an extensive article on this a while ago: https://fraxcesco.substack.com/p/all-ethereum-l2s-fees-are-about-to?embedable=true EIP-3074: Streamlining Transactions The is a new primitive, that will open the doors for more seamless UX on Ethereum, without the need for additional trust assumptions. EIP-3074 EIP-3074 introduces a f . The proposal using a new type of operation. undamental change in how Ethereum transactions are authorized and executed allows a user to authorize a third party to execute transactions on their behalf, — allowing smart contracts to approve transactions originating from user accounts. EIP-3074 aims to update Ethereum’s EOAs so they can delegate control to smart contracts In practice, greatly improving the UX as well as allowing the execution of complex operations seamlessly. EIP-3074 would allow the execution of complex operations with a single signature, with no need for multiple approvals, End users will be able to send batched transactions, expiring transactions, and more. More on EIP-3074: https://twitter.com/lightclients/status/1371911245561917441 However, for this to work, the Ethereum protocol would need to be modified, with two new EVM “ ”: and . opcodes AUTH AUTHCALL For this reason, EIP-3074 is usually viewed less favorably compared to other Account Abstraction proposals, such as EIP-4337. Read more on the concerns about this EIP: https://twitter.com/scupytrooples/status/1418441829314220032 Nonetheless, EIP-3074 would introduce new use cases, such as: with wallet recovery solutions you will never lose your funds again. Smart Contract wallets: saving on gas costs. Batch Transactions: : automate transactions thanks to smart contract accounts. Automations The Benefits of EIP-3074 Include: : Especially beneficial for complex DApp interactions, reducing the steps and gas costs for users. Simplified User Interactions : This allows for more creative and efficient smart contract designs. Increased Flexibility for Developers : Though it introduces new security considerations, it also offers the opportunity for more robust security mechanisms. Potential Security Enhancements EIP-5003: Network Resource Optimization This proposal combines very well with EIP-3074, which provides the “ ” to opcodes delegate EAOs signing authority to a smart contract. While EIP-3074 smart contracts, . authorizes EIP-5003 completely migrates the signing key of Ethereum EOAs accounts to smart contract accounts A limited application of only EIP-3074 would create new vectors of attacks around the authority delegation to smart contracts. While EIP-5003 is it plays a crucial role in enhancing the Ethereum network's efficiency and security. less publicized, The Expected Advantages of EIP-5003 Are: : This EIP combines with EIP-3074 to solve its shortcomings and ensure there are no new vectors of attack from the Account Abstraction’s migration. Improved Security : This EIP is the final migration away from EOAs. Migration away from EOAs Conclusion: A Future-Proof Ethereum While its development is often considered to be Ethereum does not stay idle, and it would be incorrect to observe and assess its technology only according to what it looks like at every specific moment in time, for it is always evolving and improving. slow and controlled to prioritize security, In particular, and a commitment to addressing critical areas like scalability, security, accessibility, and usability and making sure the network remains future-proof. Ethereum's 2024 roadmap illustrates a clear vision for the future, A strong focus is placed on redefining how users interact with Ethereum, shifting from EOA accounts to more flexible smart contract wallets. The implementation of ERC-4337, EIP-4844, EIP-3074, and EIP-5003, each plays a pivotal role in this evolutionary journey: revolutionizes smart contract wallets through account abstraction, offering enhanced security and user-friendliness. This standard is poised to significantly simplify the user experience and broaden accessibility to the Ethereum ecosystem. ERC-4337 , or is a breakthrough in reducing costs and enhancing the efficiency of Layer 2 solutions. By introducing a new transaction format for blob-carrying transactions, it promises to lower transaction fees and increase throughput, benefiting the end users with more affordable and faster transactions. EIP-4844 "proto-danksharding" and together represent a significant step in streamlining transactions and optimizing network resources. While EIP-3074 introduces new operational capabilities for authorizing transactions, EIP-5003 complements it by transitioning signing authority from Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) to smart contract accounts, bolstering network security and efficiency. EIP-3074 EIP-5003 As Ethereum continues to innovate and improve, it will continue to fight for its relevance in the face of heightened competition. The main purpose of this piece is , actively working to become future-proof against emerging technologies and alternatives. to incentivize readers to look at Ethereum not as a static network but as a network in constant development and evolution We’ll continue monitoring the implementation of EIP and how Ethereum will evolve over the year. The author of this post is not associated with the projects mentioned in this article in any way. All of the content above is not financial advice, and you are always encouraged to do your own research. Also published here

Ethereum Is Making Itself Future Proof: What to Expect From the Ethereum Roadmap in 2024

367 Stories To Learn About Web Design

232 Stories To Learn About Product

Let's learn about via these 60 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Design Thinking /Learn Repo 1. A Fun Game with Post-it Notes to Learn About Your Partner A game with post-it notes that can be played both in-person or virtually using Mural or Miro for learning about your partner's likes, dislikes, and opinions. 2. How the YouTube Homepage has Changed in the Past 15 Years YouTube is an online video-sharing platform. It was created in February 2005 by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim. In November 2006, Google bought the platform for US$1.65 Billion. The platform allows users to upload, view, share, rate, comment on videos, report, add to playlists, and subscribe to other users. 3. How to Apply Psychology Of Colors In Marketing to Your Brand This story is about how color is utilized in publicizing and marketing to summon enthusiastic responses. You can use this information to apply to your brand. 4. Become an Idea Generator via the S.C.A.M.P.E.R. Method Finding new ideas is a non-trivial exercise, and it's even more difficult to lead a team through the process of generating them: but with the scamper method you will have a real tool for generating and expanding ideas. 5. Top 10 Principles of Good Web Design Have you heard about the best trending 10 principles of good web design? Worth reading the blog. Please comment your thoughts 6. The Chicken, The Egg, and The Product Manager Here’s a scenario you might be familiar with. Say you’re starting a new role as a PM in a startup company (congrats!). You find that the startup has created a robust product with many different features and capabilities. Trying to gain some clarity and focus you ask: “which of those features are most/least used?”. Turns out, nobody knows. So you implement basic analytics mechanisms, wait for a week or two and then come back to the team equipped with a bunch of fancy graphs. 7. The Future of Product Management is No-Code Development Three months ago I decided to immerse myself in the rapidly growing world of no-code development. This is what I’ve learned. 8. An Introduction to Domain-Driven Design - Part 2 Model - a set of concepts existing in the head of the customer/project creator and terms that reflect his understanding. [9. Animation/Motion Design Tokens for Complex Design Systems](https://hackernoon.com/using-animationmotion-design-tokens-for-more-complex-and-sophisticated-design-zy3t33y5) Each Animation needs a Trigger, Duration, Easing, and Property element. Design systems also play a part in creating Motion Design and Animation. 10. Stop “Running” your Design Sprints: Prioritizing Results Over Process 5 tips on how to run result-focused design sprints from a designer at Meta & Google. Take your design sprints to another level. 11. An Introduction to Design Thinking Some of the most common approaches to solve a problem are situational or context-specific. For example, in the field of structural engineering, most of the challenges are solved by applying time tested rules in the field of civil engineering. For a problem that is considered less severe, a common approach is a trial by error. Mission-critical requirements and issues are solved by using a well-defined set of steps and strategies. The first reaction to solve any problem is to compartmentalize the problem into something which was solved earlier. The mind likes the comfort of the known after all. This is our primordial nature. These approaches have served us since time immemorial and will continue to do so. A common thread running through all these problems is they are well known, and they have been faced before plus they are well documented 12. Best Way to Make Your Design Communicate Visual hierarchy is one of the most important principles behind effective web design. I say this because the goal of a web page is to communicate, and that is essentially the same goal of good visual design. 13. Behavioral Psychology Hacks for Product Managers 14. Design Patterns: Singleton Pattern in Modern C++ In software engineering, Creational Design Patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, i.e. try to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. The basic or ordinary form of object creation could result in design problems or added complexity to the design. In this article of the Creational Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at the much-hated & commonly asked design pattern in a programming interview. That is Singleton Design Pattern in Modern C++ which criticizes for its extensibility & testability. I will also cover the Multiton Design Pattern which quite contrary to Singleton. 15. Thinking Like Elon Musk Means Thinking Bigger Than Big: Huge In simple language, First Principles Thinking involves actively questioning every assumption you believe. 16. A Guide to Design Thinking and Continuous Delivery from an Ex-Principal Engineer How do the big tech companies and unicorn startups succeed in agile product development while maintaining code quality. 17. Reasons Behind Creating A Website with Black Background Black has always been—if not the most popular design color—the color which designers talk about the most. It is sophisticated, energetic, mysterious, elegant, powerful, stylish, and the complete opposite of the default white. 18. The Web Design Trends you Must Not Miss in 2022 web design is moving into the future, with advanced techniques like retro revolution, fewer images, and Memphis design. 19. 'If We Don’t Systematically Re/Up-Skill, We're Condemned to Become Irrelevant': Roxana Murariu It is remarkable how Alvin Toffler predicted in the 1970s this trend of reinventing ourselves periodically through learning, unlearning, and relearning: Roxana. 20. Using Mind Mapping as a Software Engineer Mind mapping is a visual tool that can help you to organize your thoughts, ideas, and information in a way that is intuitive and easy to understand. 21. How to WOW Users With Intuitive UX Design 70% of online businesses fail because of bad usability. The solution to this challenge is an approach known as Intuitive UX Design 22. I Added Text to My ‘Pure Icon’ Site after 8 Years. Here’s Why After many years, I went from pure icons to adding descriptive text. 23. Product Management: The Johari Window Connection Ever heard about Johari Window? Psychologists Joseph and Harrington, in 1955, came up with this term when trying to help people become self-aware. While I would not want to get into too many details about it, here is just a simple explanation in case you haven’t heard about it. 24. Human Centred API Design: What Is It? As a developer, I make APIs for another system to consume so that multiple systems can talk to each other. Where is this design thingy coming from? Isn't design for UI? How is this applicable when building APIs? And what would be the benefits? I assume these would be some of the questions when looking at the title of this post. 25. What You Need to Know About Tailwind CSS 26. Inside Graphic Design: A Look at Alepo's Rebranding for the 5G Era Digital enablement and core network solutions provider Alepo has unveiled its modernized logo and updated branding. 27. A Self-Learner’s Guide to Combating UX Research & Design Misinformation UX education is saturated and it has become increasingly difficult to filter out the bad sources. Here’s how we can fix that. 28. How Experienced Software Engineers Evaluate Designs Experienced software engineers learn what works after maintaining their work for years. 29. How I ran a Successful Co-creation Workshop as a CEO How do you build something that users really want? Perhaps you could assemble a few and ask for them to make it themselves! 30. Is There Really a Hierarchy in Design? Designers should stop using the ‘Hierarchy of Design’ concept as the representation of design characteristics as a pyramid is inaccurate and misleading 31. ADPList Matches Laid-Off Designers with Mentors for Free ADPLIst is a free community that matches designers and mentors. The new platform has more than 5,000 designers and mentors. 32. The Web Metaphors In the beginning, we could only understand the Internet and the Web through the lenses of metaphors. 33. How the eBay Homepage has Changed Over the Past 21 Years eBay is a multinational e-commerce platform. It facilitates consumer to consumer and business to consumer sales through its website. eBay was founded in 1995 by Pierre Omidyar. 34. What Is The Straight-ahead Triangle And How It Can Be Used In Web Design “Straight-ahead” jazz revolutionized mid-century American culture with a relentlessly fresh and forward-thinking approach to bebop, 35. Exploring The 5 Stages of The Design Thinking Process Companies today have global exposure. Unlike earlier times, where competition among similar brands and businesses was restricted to a certain specific geographical area, competition today is on a global scale. 36. Design Thinking: The Key to Effective Marketing Campaign Do you know brands like Nike, Apple, Coca-Cola…...why these brands are so successful in their respective fields? 37. Design Thinking as a Practice for Business Innovation & Breakthrough There's no denying that Design Thinking is the way of the future. Applying this approach to a strategy and Innovation, brands can completely satisfy the needs of customers. To stay on the top, they should realize the significance of design for product success rates and have a clear understanding of a Design Thinking method. 38. Design Patterns: Prototype Pattern in Modern C++ Prototype Design Pattern is a Creational Design Pattern that helps in the prototyping(creating/copying cheaply) of an object using separate methods or polymorphic classes. You can consider the prototype as a template of an object before the actual object is constructed. In this article of the Creational Design Patterns, we’re going to take a look at why we need a Prototype Design Pattern in C++ i.e. motivation, prototype factory & leveraging prototype design pattern to implement virtual copy constructor. 39. How Good UX Designers Can Rescue Your Startup The biggest mistakes startup founders are making and real reasons why compromising on UX is detrimental to the success of your business. [40. Lean Innovation: How to Tackle Product Development in a Lean and Efficient Way](https://hackernoon.com/lean-innovation-how-to-tackle-product-development-in-a-lean-and-efficient-way-tx2b3wqu) Nowadays, it is especially important to keep the process of product development lean and efficient. Therefore it is helpful to determine the concrete goal of each phase. This makes it easier to keep the entire process goal-oriented, structured and efficient. 41. Introduction to Design Systems for UX/UI Designers For junior designers - those who have just started studying UX / UI design systems and those who have been working in this field for up to 1-2 years. The main goal of this article is to introduce you to the basic components of system design, to give you a basic introduction to this concept and to revise the material by demonstrating several examples of design systems that are already used by large companies. 42. A Great Design Is Only Half The Battle Won: Design Trends 2021 In this blog, you will learn about the Graphic design trends as we move forward in the year 2021. 43. Design Patterns: Exploring Factory Method in Modern C++ In software engineering, Creational Design Patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, i.e. try to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. In addition to this basic or ordinary form of object creation could result in design problems or added complexity to the design. 44. 4 Must-Read Tips Before Designing Your Logo The best logos come across as simple and effortless. This is a difficult concept to wrap your head around when creating your first logo. In fact the number one issue I have had with most of my clients is their urge to overdo the design. Look at the logos of the world’s most successful brands like Nike, Twitter, or Apple. They are extremely simple and recognizable which is why I spend a good part of my time stressing this point to my clients. 45. Avatars Will Emerge as Storytellers Humans rule the world. 46. 4 Questions To Ask Yourself Before Rebranding Whether you’re a solopreneur trading on your personal reputation or
the head of a conventional business, your branding has a huge impact on
your professional success. It informs how you’re perceived: if you’re
sending a message that doesn’t resonate, or simply failing to do
anything memorable, then you’re likely to be considered mediocre or
overlooked entirely. Instead of just trying to make the best of your
underperforming brand, though, you can start moving in a positive
direction by committing to a rebrand. 47. The 10 Principles of Good Business Design how to design a winning new business / venture / product / service, rather than merely ticking off tasks on a to-do list. 48. Harnessing Growth Mindset to Design a Spider Killer I was in the middle of doing a pilates class over Zoom when I noticed a big spider on the ceiling. I pointed it out to my kids who were in the room with me, but knowing that none of us could reach it, I dismissed it and went back to struggling through “the hundreds”. Around me, the kids also resumed their activity... or so I thought. 49. The incredible story of Deft Every few years, a fresh banana peel is dropped by well-meaning experts. 50. What Holds Back Innovation? Many innovations need time to catch on because of our resistance and scepticism to a novel way to accomplish things. 51. 14 Habits Of The Growth Hacker Mindset: A Deep Dive What is a Growth hacker mindset and its 14 habits? 52. Design Patterns: Builder Pattern in Modern C++ In software engineering, Creational Design Patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, trying to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. The basic or ordinary form of object creation could result in design problems or added complexity to the design. Builder Design Pattern in C++ solves this specific problem by separating the construction of a complex object from its representation. 53. Every UX Designer Needs To Learn Prototyping This article covers the definition of prototyping for UX design, when to create your first prototype, and the principles of prototyping. 54. Artistic Design  Going  From the Physical World to the Cyber Realm (Image by Patty Talavera from Pixabay) While we in the tech world we are often focused on cutting edge innovation, just as important as innovation itself is the manner in which the innovation is presented. People are drawn to an item be it a car, a computer, or a website not simply if it provides utility to the end-user, but if it is pleasant to look at. Therefore, we should look to design to gain a more complete understanding as to how innovation can be delivered in a manner that is palatable to end-users. Product designers who specialize in combining functionality with design must be multi-disciplinary, having both the ability to be methodical while also designing products that are aesthetic. 55. How to Calculate the ROI of Your Design System Design systems are a crucial success factor for digital businesses. Calculate the ROI of any design system with this ready-to-use formula. 56. Product 'Longtermism' and the Danger it May Bring There are no guarantees the future will hold the same values as us, so what right do we have to encode ours upon them? 57. How ARTH Stablecoin Was Built and Designed to Protect The User's Purchasing Power Mitul Gajera, designer of the stable value coin ARTH explains and gives insight into how the cryptocurrency was designed to protect the user's purchasing power. 58. How to Find Ideas for Web Design Learn how to look for ideas properly so you don’t waste time and energy in the future. 59. How to Create Promotional Assets: An Insider's Guide into the World of Graphic Design I offer you to go through the evolutionary stages of promo materials. 60. Secrets Of The Design Process You Wish You Knew Before The UX industry puts a lot of emphasis on processes. But is that the best way to think fundamentally about design? Thank you for checking out the 60 most read stories about Design Thinking on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

60 Stories To Learn About Design Thinking

Imagine a future where AI isn't locked away in corporate vaults, but built in the open, brick by brick, by a global community of innovators. Where collaboration, not competition, fuels advancements, and ethical considerations hold equal weight with raw performance. This isn't science fiction, it's the revolution brewing in the heart of AI development. But Big Tech has its own agenda, masking restricted models as open source while attempting to reap the benefits of a truly open community. open-source Let's peel back the layers of code and unveil the truth behind these efforts. This exploration of the future of open-source AI will dissect the “pretenders” and champion the “real ones” in AI development to uncover the innovation engine that is open-source software humming beneath it all. The bottom line is that open-source AI will beget an open-source data stack. The Need A recent article by Matteo Wong in The Atlantic, ‘ ’ describes a growing trend in academia and the software community for truly open source AI. “The idea is to create relatively transparent models that the public can more easily and cheaply use, study, and reproduce, attempting to democratize a highly concentrated technology that may have the potential to transform work, police, leisure and even religion.” That same Atlantic suggests that Big Tech companies like Meta are trying to fill this need in the market by ‘open-washing’ their products. They are assuming the qualities and positive reputation of the open-source community without truly open-sourcing their product. But, there is no substitute for the real thing. This is because true open-source software drives innovation and collaboration: two qualities that are desperately needed to move forward with AI responsibly. There Was Never Such a Thing as ‘Open’ AI The Pretenders 2, is a large language model created by that is free to use for both research and commercial uses. Leading some to suggest LLaMA 2 is open source. However, Meta has implemented some severe restrictions on the use of their model. For example, LLaMA 2 cannot be used to improve any other large language model. A position that goes against the traditional of open software which promotes the free and open revelation of innovation for the benefit of everyone in the software community. LLaMA Meta private collective innovation model Meta further crippled the use of their model by not allowing integration of LLaMA 2  with products that have 700 million monthly users and by not disclosing what data their model is trained on or the code they used to build it. By not disclosing, Meta is opening itself to questions of inherent bias and accidental discrimination. A model trained on discriminatory data will . Without the software community at large being able to view either the code used to build the model to see if any safeguards have been built in or the data used to train it, we are left in the dark on these moral questions. In a time when is more concerned with performance than justice and respect this obfuscation is particularly disturbing. serve up discriminatory responses published research on AI The Real Ones has gained recognition for its open-source large language models, notably Mistral 7B and Mixtral 8x7B. The company strives to ensure broad accessibility to its AI models, encouraging review, modification, and reuse by the open software community. Mistral AI stands for "vectorized low-latency model serving" and is an open-source library specifically designed to speed up and optimize large language models (LLMs). It is a powerful tool that can significantly improve the performance and usability of LLMs. This makes it a valuable asset for developers working on a variety of AI applications, from chatbots and virtual assistants to content creation and code generation. So much so that, Mistral recommends using vLLM as the inference server for the 7B and 8x7B models. vLLM is a non-profit AI research lab that has grown from a Discord server for discussing GPT-3 to a leading non-profit research organization. The group is known for its work in training and promoting open science norms in Natural Language Processing. They have released various open-source large language models and are involved in research projects related to AI alignment and interpretability. Their project is probably the leading open-source evaluation tool for language models. EleutherAI LM-Harness is Microsoft's LLM that punches above its weight. Trained on a blend of synthetic texts and filtered websites, this small, but powerful model excels at tasks like question-answering, summarizing, and translation. What truly sets Phi-2 apart is its focus on reasoning and language understanding, leading to impressive performance even without advanced alignment techniques. Phi-2 Many competent open-source embedding models are strengthening the overall open-source generative AI space. These are the current state-of-the-art for open source and include and . UAE-Large-V1 multilingual-e5-largel There are many more in this ever-growing field. This limited list is just a start. Open Source Drives Innovation Embracing a philosophy of extreme open innovation, companies that truly participate in open-source software development challenge traditional notions of competitive advantage by acknowledging that . This shift supports the that shared innovations within the open-source ecosystem lead to faster market growth, providing even smaller software firms with more limited R&D funds the from R&D spillovers present in open-source software. This is because, in contrast to traditional outsourcing, open innovation by leveraging the collective intelligence of the community, without diminishing internal R&D efforts. Meaning that open-source software companies don’t have to sacrifice their budgets to pursue thought leadership and code outside their organization. not all good code or great ideas reside within their organization argument opportunity to benefit enhances internal resources Additionally, open-source software companies strategically drive innovation by , recognizing the cumulative nature of the innovation process in the software community. All of which to say something many already recognize: Open Source Software drives innovation. releasing code early and often Open Source Fosters Collaboration Through in the open-source software community, entrepreneurs are able to fulfill both short-term and long-term goals. Short-term profit goals build companies and long-term profit goals sustain them. At the same time, this networking effort self-perpetuates the network itself - growing it for the next entrepreneur. It is well known that open-source platforms provide access to the source code, enabling developers to create upgrades, plug-ins and other pieces of software and use them according to their requirements. This particular kind of collaboration experienced a boom with the wide adoption of Kubernetes by the wider software community. Now more than ever, modern technologies work together with very little friction and can be in minutes together almost anywhere. networking Big Tech companies acknowledge this deep collaboration inherent to the open-source community when they freely release frameworks, libraries, and languages they created to maintain and develop internal tools. Doing so deepens the pool of developers capable of working on their products and starts to set the standard for how similar technologies should operate. That same Atlantic article quotes Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg as saying it has “been very valuable for us to provide that because now all of the best developers across the industry are using tools that we’re also using internally”. Open Source Begets Open Source These are factors in why we very often see synergies between open-source companies. Open-source AI and ML companies will naturally develop solutions with other open-source products from foundational products like object storage to all-way up the stack to visualization tools. When one open-source company steps forward, we all do. This cohesive and blended approach is probably our best bet for developing AI that takes a human-centered approach. These natural forces inherent in the market need for open source AI combined with the qualities of open source software of innovation and collaboration will drive the AI data stack open source. Please join and contribute to this conversation and our community by emailing us at or sending us a message on our . hello@min.io Slack channel Also published . here

Open-Source: The Next Step in AI Revolution

ওপেন সোর্স: এআই বিপ্লবের পরবর্তী ধাপ

Open-Source: Der nächste Schritt in der KI-Revolution

Código abierto: el siguiente paso en la revolución de la IA

Open-Source : la prochaine étape de la révolution de l'IA

ओपन-सोर्स: एआई क्रांति में अगला कदम

オープンソース: AI 革命の次のステップ

오픈 소스: AI 혁명의 다음 단계

Código aberto: o próximo passo na revolução da IA

Открытый исходный код: следующий шаг в революции искусственного интеллекта

Açık Kaynak: Yapay Zeka Devriminde Sonraki Adım

Nguồn mở: Bước tiếp theo trong cuộc cách mạng AI

开源：人工智能革命的下一步

Let me tell you a tale about an SEO expert who decided to dip his toes into the world of digital product development. It’s a journey filled with highs, lows, hopes, and failures that any startup entrepreneur faces. It’s about overcoming insurmountable odds, venturing into uncharted territories, trying new things, and finding solutions in tough situations. I’ve been in the SEO game since 2006, creating websites and earning from Google AdSense, affiliate programs, and contextual advertising. But in 2014, I thought it was time to step up my game. I ventured into selling heavy machinery, earning a commission on each sale. The plan was simple: build websites, promote them, set up ads, and send leads to the supplier. Unfortunately, a crisis hit, and sales plummeted to zero despite hundreds of leads. I funded everything myself, which meant my savings took a serious hit. At the time, I was living in Thailand, and I had to move into a $250-a-month bungalow. I was in a deep depression, barely sleeping, but that’s a story for another day. The SEO Breakup So there I was, completely disillusioned with SEO and working with external partners. The main issue: My lack of influence over the processes, not to mention a glaring absence of understanding in sales and market dynamics. I won’t lie, I was bitter. Bitter about my partners, the economic crisis, and the world at large. I had put in the effort, and achieved tangible results — better rankings, more traffic, increased inquiries — but what did I get in return? Zero income, all expenses. But of course, everyone needs to make a living, right? So, I went full throttle into freelancing, taking on anything and everything from SEO services to designing business cards. In eight months, I managed to scrape together $12,000, mainly from freelancing and some residual income from past projects. At that point, I expected to have about $8,000 in disposable income over the next six months. So, doing the math, I figured I had a neat $20,000 in the bank. It was time to find my niche. After some online research, I stumbled upon ThemeForest — a marketplace that sells website templates, WordPress themes, plugins, you name it. One theme caught my eye: 20,000 sales at $49 each. That’s a cool 100 grand! And there were many more like it on the marketplace. Back then, I wasn’t into deep market analysis; I didn’t think of consulting with ten guys in the field or writing to them via their marketplace profiles. Nope, I just plunged in headfirst, guns blazing. I decided to start a company and hire a team, confident of my success. What did I know about failure, right? The Team I thought I’d churn out a couple of products simultaneously, dedicating 1-2 months per product. So, I decided to hire a team right away. Up until that point I’d been a loner, doing everything myself and thought it was simple. But then I hired: Two designers – I got lucky with one. She turned out to be a gem and pretty much saved the project. Two front-end developers – both turned out to be underwhelming (or maybe the marketplace standards were just too high). A programmer – I went through four of them in just six months. One even had a drinking problem. And then there was me – a jack-of-all-trades. What were my skills? A bit of design, fairly strong front-end development skills, a strong work ethic, and discipline. Coding, however, was my Achilles’ heel. Sure, I could use ‘echo’ to output stuff and I was quick at finding code snippets, but overall, you could call me a script kiddie. Planning There was no real plan, just dollar signs in my eyes and an Excel sheet filled with ambitious numbers. I thought it’d be easy. After all, I’d seen plenty of businesses for whom I’d built websites and improved Google rankings. In short: I was a noob leading a team of noobs, with a designer as our only hope. The Results Let’s skip the gory details of this failure, all you need to know is that my team was floundering. I couldn’t train them properly, and I was clueless about the importance of training and detailed technical briefs. So, naturally, the team dwindled month by month, and the money was running dry. In the first month, our star designer created a stunning design for an SEO agency template. I loved it and decided to make it our first template. It was a lucky break since I was an SEO guy myself, squarely in the template’s target audience. I spent 14 hours a day coding the design. It took a whopping 210 hours to complete the HTML coding — a number I’ll never forget. And then came a big surprise: the HTML coding was useless! When we started creating the WordPress theme, we discovered that we needed to build pages on a page builder, as that’s what customers preferred. Talk about a curveball! By the end of the second month, the team was down to just me, the programmer, and the designer. We were grinding away at the WordPress template, while the designer was crafting designs for future templates. We spent about $12,000 in the first three months. Our money was dwindling, but there was still a ton of work left to do on the theme. Another two months flew by before we finally had a finished product at the end of the fifth month. It was a real gamble — no accounting records, just playing it by ear. The marketplace doesn’t just accept any product — they meticulously check for code quality, security, and design quality. It took about 20 days to get the first response from the moderator. As you can guess, there were loads of errors. We’d get a rejection with 5-10 issues, fix them, and resubmit for review. Each review took about 3 days. It was a never-ending cycle. A Young Startup’s Search for Shelter Thankfully, I had made some friends in Thailand, including a neighbor who was opening a fitness studio. She had rented a large house for a bunch of trainers — at times, five to nine trainers were living there simultaneously. Eventually, I asked if I could stay with them since I was down to my last $2,000. She put me up in the trainers’ house, but all the rooms were occupied, so I ended up sleeping on a mattress in the 12-square-meter hallway, right by the door. Don’t worry, no one stepped on me. It was quite a sight — me living like a cat on a mat at the entrance. I stayed with the trainers for about a month. Then, an opportunity came up — some friends were going snowboarding for a month and asked me to house-sit and watch their cat in exchange for free accommodation. Their apartment was located beneath a villa and was 70 square meters; it was filled with nice decor and a huge 1.5-meter TV. It was a culture shock for me — my living situation had drastically improved from a cat mat to “under-the-villa” luxury. But the continuous marketplace rejections were soul-crushing. I was living like a zombie — checking my phone in the morning for moderator emails, eating, and then heading to the beach to swim or walk. It was the only way to keep sane. The rejections kept piling up – 18 in total, each with 6 to 20 issues that needed fixing. It usually took 1-2 days to address these issues, followed by another 3-4 days of anxious waiting. I had no idea how many more errors they could possibly find. I felt like Sisyphus. The original plan was to create several templates, but the reality was grim: $20,000 had gone down the drain I was in a deep funk from nearly three months of constant rejections My life was as uncertain as a cat’s When Will This End? One morning, I woke up and lazily checked my notifications. I saw a message from the marketplace, but this time it didn’t start with the usual “Unfortunately, your…”. Instead, it read, “Congratulations! Your…”. I was so disillusioned by then that I just went through my morning routine mechanically. I finally got to my computer, opened the product page, and there it was – my first sale for $59. Of course, the marketplace took a 50% commission. ThemeForest has a progressive commission system – they start by taking 50% and then gradually reduce it to 30% as your sales volume increases. To reach that 30% threshold, I’d have to rack up sales of $75,000. I felt nothing seeing that first sale, so I just went to have breakfast. After some time lost on YouTube, I returned to my computer to find four sales. That’s when it hit me – I was running around the house, jumping, and yelling for joy. With these sales dynamics, I thought this was it – success! In the first month, I made $8,750, half of which went to the marketplace. I also knew that soon my template would drop from the first page of the marketplace, and sales would decline. Carefully observing other themes, I noticed that sales usually halve in the second month and stabilize thereabouts. But there was a glimmer of hope, a path to my fortune! The math was simple: over $2,000 a month from one product. Create 10 products, and that’s an easy $20,000 per month. The Setback Exhausted and craving a break, my friends and I took off to Bali for a month-long getaway. However, the fear of tarnishing my reputation and receiving negative reviews on the marketplace haunted me. So, every couple of hours, I found myself checking the support panel, and assisting clients religiously. Upon returning, I quickly created a second website template, this time for lawyers. It took about a month and passed moderation swiftly, but it was a sales disaster, barely making $200 a month. I thought it was just bad luck. After all, many templates were selling well in the market. Plus, my designer had accumulated 10 designs by then. So, I decided to hire more people. I borrowed $19,000 from a friend, agreeing to pay back $27,000 over two years with progressive monthly payments. This second attempt was slightly better. I hired: 3 front-end developers A new programmer The plan was to work on four templates simultaneously. I taught the team a bit and even did the front-end work for the fourth template. But trying to be both a manager and a front-end developer was a mistake. I was slow to respond to the team’s questions because it’s hard to constantly switch between tasks. As a result, both the team’s and my productivity suffered. We started in May but only managed to launch the first two templates in September. Honestly, I could have done 3-4 templates by myself over the summer. My main issue: I hate repetitive work. The first three templates were fine, but after that, it felt too routine. The fourth and last template was only accepted in the market right before the New Year. It was an epic journey. But sales were far worse than the first product, and I didn’t see any significant income growth. Moreover, I was repaying the loan throughout the second half of 2016 and all of 2017. Having to pay salaries and hoping to earn something for myself was a mental burden. You can see the 2016 earnings in the screenshot. There was growth from September, but I had the loan to pay off. And so, as you can imagine, I had to let go of my employees. 2017 was all about paying off debts. A New Chapter In 2017, I took a step back and tried to update unsold templates with second or third designs, but it didn’t help. I experimented with various types of advertising – AdWords, social media, blogs – but when you only make $40 clean per sale, it’s hard to turn a profit. Traffic in the US and English-speaking countries is too expensive. For half the year, I struggled to boost sales, then spent the latter half cheaply traveling around Asia, waiting for my debt to be paid off. There’s always a dip in December, but a spike in demand in January. In 2018, I decided to create another template for a proven niche – SEO agencies. It was a long and tedious process; I incorporated 20 designs, but it didn’t change the game. However, it did sell better than my other templates that were geared toward lawyers or fitness. A good designer was hard to find, so I ended up doing most of the designs myself. There was an initial surge in sales upon release in late spring but then became stagnant again. Eventually, I surrendered to working just two hours a day. I dabbled in various partnerships, and freelance work, and even tried launching my own WordPress site-building course. In 2019, I was all over the place – experimenting with partnerships and trying to get SEO clients. Nothing serious came out of it, although I have maintained one partnership, which is still evolving. Maybe It’ll Work After All? I don’t remember what inspired me, but at some point, I came up with a system for a conveyor belt-style template creation. I detailed it on paper and decided to seek investment. Winter was approaching. For over a month, I banged the drum – applying to startup incubators and talking to old clients I’d done SEO work for, as some had offered investments back in 2010. Eventually, two investors gave me $35,000. I packed my bags and flew to Thailand. I put together a new team: 2 average designers – should have hired one expensive one instead 3 front-end developers This time, I recorded hourly videos for the team daily, reviewing their work, pointing out mistakes, and giving recommendations like a caring grandfather. And you know what? It worked – we saw relatively fast results. However, the marketplace had significantly raised its design standards, and our templates were repeatedly rejected. Not with constructive feedback, but bluntly labeled “trash”. The challenge became consulting with top-notch designers to figure out what was wrong. I started getting pretty good at design myself, noticing even a 1-pixel misalignment. After six months, I got lucky and found a strong art director. He corrected all of our mistakes, and our first few templates were accepted. He raised our design quality immensely. During our best months, we were releasing five templates to the market, while the total market release was around 80-90 templates a month. I dreamt of capturing a market share and dominating the marketplace. But still, sales were challenging. However, with our design quality improving, I remained hopeful. COVID helped our sales. After three weeks of lockdown, it seemed everyone was launching online businesses and in need of website templates. We created 17 accepted products that year and had about 5 rejections. At the peak, we were making $6,500 a month, plus custom work through the support service, which totaled up to $7,500. But that was the peak. Our sales stopped growing, even with new products. This barely covered salaries for seven people, plus operational expenses. Though, I was drawing a decent salary and eating well. I decided to sell the project through Empire Flippers, without the team. This is the last screenshot I could find. I remember the figure being around $320,000 in sales, but apparently, I didn’t take a screenshot of that. The Exit I applied to Empire Flippers, filled out the P&L, and underwent an assessment. Along with the project, I promised to find someone to handle support and update the themes for $300 a month part-time, reducing costs. I received a maximum valuation of $210,000. Everything seemed set, but then I hit a roadblock – ThemeForest’s Terms of Service prohibited account sales! They informed me of this restriction, and the six-figure income from the sale slipped through my fingers. For six weeks, I corresponded with them, resorting to threats, pleas, blackmail, and every tactic under the sun to get permission to sell the account: Claimed discrimination Said I needed to pay off my mortgage or I’d be homeless Argued it was unfair they were appropriating my intellectual labor Pleaded that I needed the money for my family Promised to create a new account and upload new templates there I don’t know which argument worked, but they allowed it! Though they emphasized it was a “one-time exception”. Once I got the green light, Empire Flippers listed my lot. Silence reigned for nearly a month, then a potential buyer scheduled a video conference with me. He was a well-known figure in the Affiliate circles. We had a great chat, and an hour after the conference, the Empire manager called to say the buyer was interested. I was thrilled until the manager mentioned the buyer wanted to drop the valuation from $210,000 to $150,000. I was initially speechless with indignation, but then I remembered how in an American docu-series on Discovery Channel, people haggle. They start low, then gradually meet in the middle. I played the game and told them that anything less than $190,000 made no sense for me. The manager relayed this to the buyer, and we eventually settled on $180,000, which was beyond my expectations. I popped open champagne! Just like that, without flinching or giving in, I made an extra $30,000, though I could have easily caved to the buyer’s initial offer. The Real Earnings Success stories usually boast huge sums, but let me show you the real economics: Of the $300,000 on the screenshot, $108,564 went to marketplace commission and taxes. The remaining amount of under $200,000 covered salaries and the first loan. Of the $180,000 from the project sale, a large chunk went to Empire Flippers commission (15%), investor shares (7%), and employee bonuses (15%). In the end, I barely had enough to buy an apartment in the early construction stage, even having to borrow a bit from my sister. That was the outcome of five years. I paid myself a salary of about $2,000-$2,500 monthly and got a bonus from the project’s sale. Back to SEO After my stint as a product manager, I realized I didn’t want to deal with immeasurable data like design, which can’t be quantified or compared. So, I returned to my first love: SEO and data analytics. Together with a partner, I founded . We specialize in auctioning domains and PBN building services for SEO in highly competitive niches. MonsterPBN I dove back into SEO analytics, while my partner, a senior developer, automated processes, parsed, and processed large volumes of domains, from which we picked the best for reasonable prices. We promote both our and our clients’ projects in the US and European markets. If you need powerful domains or a turnkey PBN, come to us, and we’ll deliver quality as if it’s for ourselves. Lessons Learned What lessons did I take away? I learned to focus on quality, paying attention to every line and pixel. Management is a job in itself and should be done meticulously, not mixed with technical tasks. Devoting time to employee training and creating videos and protocols is essential for clarity and smooth processes. Investments are easier to find through connections than by applying to places like Y-Combinator, where there’s a half-year queue and often no response. Hiring employees who are genuinely interested in solving your problems is crucial for efficiency and aligned goals. Selling something with a 35-month ROI is like freeing yourself from business troubles for the next three years. It changes your life significantly. It’s crucial to seek qualified experts for advice right away. It will save you years and tens of thousands of dollars. It’s better to hire one expensive expert for a key position than two mid-level employees who need continuous training. You can’t achieve something big without top-notch specialists and employees. Never give up, even when you’re told something is impossible, or when faced with constant rejections. But then again, maybe quitting earlier would have been more profitable elsewhere. Now, what valuable lessons did you pick up from this story?

How I Made $480,000 Through Web Development and Returned to SEO

কিভাবে আমি ওয়েব ডেভেলপমেন্টের মাধ্যমে $480,000 তৈরি করেছি এবং SEO-তে ফিরে এসেছি

Wie ich durch Webentwicklung 480.000 US-Dollar verdiente und zu SEO zurückkehrte

Cómo gané $480,000 a través del desarrollo web y volví al SEO

Comment j'ai gagné 480 000 $ grâce au développement Web et je suis revenu au référencement

मैंने वेब विकास के माध्यम से $480,000 कैसे कमाए और एसईओ पर वापस लौट आया

私がウェブ開発で 48 万ドルを稼ぎ、SEO に戻った方法

웹 개발을 통해 $480,000를 벌고 SEO로 복귀한 방법

Como ganhei $ 480.000 com desenvolvimento web e voltei para SEO

Как я заработал 480 000 долларов на веб-разработке и вернулся в SEO

Web Geliştirme Yoluyla Nasıl 480.000 Dolar Kazandım ve SEO'ya Nasıl Döndüm?

Tôi đã kiếm được 480.000 đô la thông qua phát triển web như thế nào và quay trở lại SEO

我如何通过 Web 开发赚取 480,000 美元并重返 SEO

Hey Hackers! Welcome to the winner announcement of the . As technology advances, the significance of cryptographic techniques like zero-knowledge proofs has become increasingly evident in ensuring privacy and security. We are thrilled to host this one-month-contest celebrating the fascinating realm of zero-knowledge proofs. We thank the whole HackerNoon community for participating in the contest! Your participation matters, and it will help us bring you more sponsored tags in the future. Zero Knowledge Proof Writing Contest by Rareskills and HackerNoon To get all winner announcements and notifications directly in your mail, subscribe to hackernooncontests’ updates today! You will see the subscribe option on the right side of this story. About Sponsor is a grad school for web3 engineers seeking hands-on knowledge in web3 development. RareSkills Zero Knowledge Proof Contest: Top 10 Nominations We picked all the stories with the tag on HackerNoon, published in November, and selected the top stories weighing in the following factors: #zero-knowledge-proofs Number of hours read The number of people reached Sponsor feedback Here’s the list of the top 10 stories: by . Zero-Knowledge Proofs: It's Like Magic, but I'll Explain It @windley by . A Privacy Revolution in Web3 With Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) @vladislavbilay by . Unlocking the Magic of Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Disintegration of Philosophy and Science (Part 1) @damocles by . The Rise of Zero-Knowledge Rollups in Ethereum Scaling @mariefromdcenter by . Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Blockchain Voting @induction by . Enhancing Open Banking with Zero Knowledge Proofs: A Technical Exploration @mickymultani by . Zero Knowledge Proofs: What's a zkOracle? @marlene by . Zkp2p: The End of Centralized Exchanges @thebojda by . ZKML in DeFi: A Secure Revolution in Decentralized Finance @mkaufmann by . Data Security in the Cloud: A New Era of Trust @mkaufmann Congratulations to all the finalists for making it to the top 10! The winner of #zero-knowledge-proofs with the most votes is: https://hackernoon.com/zkp2p-the-end-of-centralized-exchanges?embedable=true “Verifying a DKIM signature on-chain with a smart contract would be very expensive. It would involve uploading the entire mail, computing the hash, and verifying the RSA signature. Furthermore, the mail might contain sensitive information. Fortunately, there is a solution to this problem: technology, more specifically, zkSNARK. Using zkSNARK, we can prove off-chain that the signature in the email is valid and that the data being shared publicly with the smart contract (typically amount and target account number) is also valid. The outcome of this process is a zero-knowledge proof that can be cheaply verified on the smart contract. With this solution, email verification can now be efficiently achieved.” zero-knowledge-proof Congratulations ! You have won $1000. Here are the next steps to claim your reward: @thebojda Please contact yes-reply@hackernoon.com and sidra@hackernoon.com using the email ID attached to the winner's hackernoon account. We will validate your claim and share a form requesting your bank details for reward distribution. You will receive your winnings in 2-4 weeks after filling out the form. Please note that you must contact us within 60 days after the winners’ announcement date. The HackerNoon writing contests primarily aim to celebrate quality content and recruit educational stories for our community. We congratulate all the finalists. However, the Editorial team can ban a writer and/or disqualify a story if we find any misconduct like plagiarism, copyright infringement, or disinformation. Shoutout to all the finalists and participants! Visit to learn more about running and upcoming contests. contests.hackernoon.com

The Zero Knowledge Proofs Writing Contest: Winner Announced!

জিরো নলেজ প্রুফ রাইটিং কনটেস্ট: বিজয়ী ঘোষণা!

Der Zero Knowledge Proofs-Schreibwettbewerb: Gewinner bekannt gegeben!

Concurso de redacción de pruebas de conocimiento cero: ¡Se anuncia el ganador!

Le concours de rédaction d'épreuves Zero Knowledge : le gagnant est annoncé !

शून्य ज्ञान प्रमाण लेखन प्रतियोगिता: विजेता की घोषणा!

ゼロ知識証明ライティングコンテスト: 優勝者発表!

영지식 증명 쓰기 콘테스트: 우승자가 발표되었습니다!

Concurso de Redação de Provas de Conhecimento Zero: Anunciado o vencedor!

Конкурс написания доказательств с нулевым разглашением: объявлен победитель!

Sıfır Bilgi Kanıtı Yazma Yarışması: Kazanan Açıklandı!

Cuộc thi viết bằng chứng kiến thức Zero: Người chiến thắng được công bố!

零知识证明写作大赛：获奖者公布！

A core attribute of permissionless blockchains is that they are composable, meaning apps and services can be built on top of them in a modular way and/or programmatically designed to interact with other apps and features to create something new. blockchain One of the key features of open, permissionless money is that it will be more like Lego and less like wooden blocks. A core attribute of permissionless blockchains is that they are composable, meaning apps and services can be built on top of them in a modular way and/or programmatically designed to interact with other blockchain apps and features to create something new. Composability in blockchain makes it so simple components can be stacked together to become more complicated products. And then, they can be re-stacked in a different way to create something else. Overtime, knowing which simple components are the best and knowing how to successfully combine them will enable all kinds of financial services without the need to continually start over at the level of basic network creation. In a recent post, I teased out . The building and scale advantages of composability are definitely one of the elements of blockchain-based systems that will start to emerge as a major advantage over traditional financial products and services. different elements that will likely become part of crypto and DeFi’s new narrative during the next hype cycle How does blockchain enable composable design in crypto and DeFi Permissionless, open money is based on systems that do not require a gatekeeper or a person, government, or corporation to allow or deny access to services. There are a number of challenges to building and operating within a permissionless environment. After all, gatekeepers do play a role in maintaining a sense of law and order and have controls in place for things like fraud protection. : Fully mature, trustless environments will eventually become bureaucracy-killers. By replacing manual processes with code-based and software-based systems that are modular and interoperable, systems that have historically been resistant to change and innovation will become more efficient via composable digital ledgers or blockchains. Things like the tax code, DMV registration, or legal contracts, which all feel unnecessarily cumbersome, can get a reboot using interoperable systems that can be stacked on top of one another to achieve the same objective. Efficient : Composable blockchain apps and services are also transparent and accountable. Public interest reporting can be based on on-chain analytics and real-time data instead of info that is buried in reports, or that requires a request. On-chain analytics could help fight corruption and mismanagement at all levels. Accountability Freedom of Information Act Permissionless (and composable) blockchains will lower the bar for innovation. Right now, if you want to start a SaaS company or financial app, you would still need to come up with a decent chunk of capital to invest in dev and/or build a network. With composable blockchain tech, innovators can test ideas and iterate at lower costs, and leverage existing networks and protocols to build on top of. Access: : One way the blockchain space can enhance ease of use for builders is to settle on standards for smart contract execution. This is already happening within the Ethereum space (ERC-20 is a popular token standard, and ERC-721 is a popular NFT standard), but the possibilities of what can be built using composable frameworks expand as more protocols create standards. Building codes : Another reason why open money and composable design are a good match is that, when paired, they enable a global network that will make it possible to cheaply and efficiently share money and information around the world in a way that is both cheap and fast. Global network Examples of composability in decentralized systems While composable design is primed to become a bigger deal in the future as more and more blockchain-based systems grow, composability is already the cornerstone of many DeFi projects. Because of the pace and somewhat automated nature of DeFi, the ability to move across protocols and apps with minimal friction is key. Here are a few examples: With composable design, assets can be locked as collateral in one service, and then those contracts can be put to work on another service. Putting assets to work comes with its cost and benefits, but the idea is that money can be more programmable — and the ability to move across chains and services opens up new possibilities. Yield farming and : liquid staking Real-world assets will be brought on-chain, tokenized, and made composable, enabling new kinds of markets and economies**.** Organized and efficient fractionalized buying and selling could open investment and ownership opportunities to more people. Tokenization: : Decentralized exchanges and liquidity pools allow people to exchange or swap one asset for another without having to go through a bank or some kind of centralized platform, all thanks to composability. Swaps While have gone through a boom/bust recently, for applications like gaming and world-building, the idea that you can take assets created in one game and bring them into another game opens up new possibilities of cross-game interaction and continuation. NFTs: NFTs One thing that open money protocols enable is a new kind of organization and coordination, which was not possible before under the constraints of centralized ownership. Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) represent a paradigm shift and will enable new forms of governance and decision-making. Collaboration: Composable architecture by design Composability isn’t just a blockchain thing. In fact, composable architecture or design is something used in other systems, including open-source software. However, the idea of building pieces that are modular and interoperable makes sense within the context of blockchain. Over time, the mix-and-match method of programmable building will lead to more innovation and more efficiency. Also published . here

Composable Design is Like Lego for Blockchain

THE SELECTION OF BOILERS WITH A CONSIDERATION OF THE FACTORS DETERMINING SUCH SELECTION

CHIMNEYS AND DRAFT

Let's learn about via these 51 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Startup Hiring /Learn Repo 1. How to Use Retention as a Hiring Metric We believe there is one number that is the ultimate measure of how good you are at hiring: employee retention. 2. How to Hire a Developer in 30 Minutes At Adadot we hire people, not paper. We don’t look for the highest mark or the most prestigious degree, but for the person behind the CV. 3. How to Kickstart Your Career in Web3 Many of you have thought about starting a career in web3, whether it's transitioning from web2 or without any experience at all. 4. The Art and Science of Crafting a Job Position in the Startup Stage When hiring, especially for start-ups, you can and should collaboratively design a position that honors your colleague's aspirations. 5. Hiring an Engineer: 7 Different Types of Engineering Interviews These are 7 Different Types of Engineering interviews that engineers may come when searching for jobs, including those used by large companies like Google. 6. Rethinking the Hiring Process: How to to Stand Out and Delight Your Candidates In this hiring climate, you need to to attract candidates. differentiate 7. The Power of Tech Communities And how it led me to a Software Engineering job at one of India’s largest online grocery company. 8. Hiring in a Tech Skills Shortage Hiring is hard. But we make it harder than it has to be. Let's learn from what the best tech companies do. 9. Crypto.com Hires Giuseppe Giuliani as the MD of the Crypto.com Exchange Giuseppe Giuliani has been appointed Managing Director of the Crypto.com Exchange, one of the world’s fastest-growing cryptocurrency marketplace. 10. Negotiating Salary and Benefits for Your Job Offers How to negotiate a higher salary at your tech job, without having to upset the stakeholders involved. 11. 7 Proven Ways to Assess Coding Skills While Hiring The main challenge that recruiter's come across while hiring developers is to find qualified candidates. According to a study, it was estimated that 75% of all hiring-related decisions result in a mis-hire. Hence assessing a candidate's coding skills is an essential step in a technical recruiting process. Well, the first thing that rushes to your mind when you think of recruitment  is "RESUME". Can we just rely on those? The answer to that question is an absolute NO. 12. How to Make Your First Developer Relations Hire in 2022 Hiring a developer relations/advocate is difficult. It's even harder to be the first DevRel in the company. My colleagues share their experience 13. Why Engineers Won't Do Your Coding Test The idea behind a coding test is very simple: to filter out candidates who do not have the technical chops for the role, early on in the process before the hiring manager and candidate both waste their time with an in-person interview. 14. 5 Important Things We Should Stop Neglecting When Hiring The peril of vague job descriptions 15. Web Designer vs Web Developer: What's the difference? So many businesses make the same mistakes when they set out to develop or redevelop their websites. Overcome with the compelling need to do it all as quickly as possible and as cheaply as possible, many companies take shortcuts which, sadly for them, ultimately costs them more in the long-run. Compromising on web design is one of those shortcuts that far too many individuals and businesses take, even though great web design ultimately leads to better performing websites and improved user experiences, as well as improved conversion rates. Well-designed websites create confidence that your business is trustworthy as well. 16. Hiring Tips: How to Pitch to a Potential Startup Founding Team Member Hiring for your startup's founding team, but struggling to recruit the best candidates? This guide will help you perfect your pitch and attract top talent! 17. My Favorite Kind Of Coding Interview Exercise How to prepare for a job interview as a programmer looking for a job that needs coding, how these simple exercises will help you prepare fully for it. 18. Hiring Offshore Engineers for Startup Founders We’ve prepared a handy checklist that you can use as the basis of your selection process to land a quality vendor who will take your project and needs. 19. Confessions of a Serial Interviewer I bombed completely at my first big job interview. It included whiteboard-coding and questions about multithreading and I hadn't prepared nearly enough. Instead of saying I don't know, I ranted on for a good couple of minutes about anything tangential I could come up with, hoping I'd get in the vicinity of the answer–I never did. Fortunately when the ego takes a hit, a willingness to improve kicks in. 20. Types And Differences of Remote Workers It’s been more than two decades since the term ‘digital nomad’ came to be. In the time since, people have shown they have a lot of imagination when it comes to their remote work-enabled lifestyles. Some stay in one place and lead an otherwise normal life while others use the flexibility of remote work to travel continuously, or at least regularly. As a result, the world of remote work has become a diverse ecosystem where people have varying degrees of commitment and availability, as well as a broad array of purposes for working remotely. 21. What it Really Means to Hire Slow, Fire Fast A look at what it truly means to practically incorporate hire slow, fire fast within your organization. 22. Are Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning reshaping Remote Work? This article explains how Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence have been pushing remote work forward through technological advancements in core tasks. 23. How to Hire the UX Designer in 2021 We continue to share the internal processes of Overgear. This time we talked with CEO Tony Doronin who takes part in the recruiting process. 24. The Top 4 Certifications for HR Professionals For professionals looking to make their mark in the HR domain, here are the four top choices of HR certifications and talent management certifications. 25. Courier is Moving to Remote-first: Here's Why We wrote a blog post about why Courier would never be permanently remote. This post covers why we changed our minds and Courier is now a remote-first company. 26. Pay Transparency Laws in the US Pay transparency laws are becoming more prevalent in the US to ensure equitable compensation. Which states and cities require salaries in job descriptions? 27. An e-Commerce Virtual Assistant Can Handle Your Customer Support, Social Media, SEO, and More In this interesting article, you will get to know about easy steps to hire a Successful eCommerce Virtual Assistant within your budget. 28. The Odds of Hiring Blockchain Talent are 20:1: Get Ready for a Fight In 2021 alone, blockchain companies have raised more venture capital and private equity than in the past decade. 29. 7 Steps to Take When Hiring International Employees Outsourcing involves hiring international employees to streamline and scale business operations. Here's your list of things to know about international hiring 30. Setting Up a Tech Hiring Process for Your Company: 10 Steps Looking to set up a tech hiring process without any troubles? Read this easy-to-follow 10-step guide for all you need to do during your tech hiring process! 31. Three Reasons Startups Should Not Hire Marketing Experts tl;dr: Hire a hardworking, versatile person instead. 32. Hiring Process And Onboarding Virtually During COVID-19 The coronavirus pandemic has brought the world to a virtual standstill and has millions of us at home. COVID-19 also presents an unprecedented challenge for recruiters — interviewing new candidates, hiring and onboarding them. Keeping these challenges at bay, many companies have turned to virtual hiring as an alternative to traditional hiring. 33. How to Successfully Interview Developers in 2022 Here is the exact process I’ve used to successfully interview software developers. 34. 3 Questions to Ask When Hiring Your  Startup's First Designer My first job as a UX designer was fresh out of grad school at a small startup with six people. It wasn't a great fit. I'd come from the world of print graphic design and had never designed a real-world digital software product. Even though I was enthusiastic, I had no experience to call on to know how to reconcile UX tradeoffs or convince the team why one design decision was better than another. 35. How To Create an Applicant Tracking System using Airtable and Zapier in 7 easy steps We started creating our Applicant Tracking System by using this template on Airtable and built the following tables on top of it - using forms and the grid. 36. Five Tips For Hiring Software Developers Internationally There are many benefits to hiring software developers abroad. Read our article to learn the top 5 tips for hiring software developers internationally. 37. AAX Exchange On a Hiring Spree, Scouting for Talent Amid the Recent Crypto Layoffs AAX Exchange is hiring hundreds of professionals as part of its ambition to quadruple its workforce this year. 38. Realize The Mistakes on The Way to The Success Startups are unpredictable, but there are a few common mistakes that every product startup is doomed to make! What matters more, is how you react to them. 39. Top HR Tools to Improve Your Hiring Processes In this article, we will learn about HR tools and the types that can help automate and simplify HR functionalities. 40. Like a Bawse!   What to Ask When Hiring Executives Startups are all about the capabilities of a team. A company is not the creation of one individual, but rather the outcome collective contributions of a small army. Hence, hands down the most important thing you do as a startup founder is hiring the leaders who are responsible for building their respected functional teams. 41. How to Combat Persistent Hiring Problems In 2021, the ‘hire to fire cycle’ has almost become the norm for recruiting and managing talents in the general startup sphere – especially in the tech space. 42. 6 Ways to Determine Leadership Qualities An organization needs to set up an organized arrangement for leadership continuity. For that to occur, it needs to focus on people who have initiative potential. 43. Wait, People Cheat in Technical Interviews? Can you cheat in a technical interview? This approach for hiring tuned over decades is how you moneyball hiring & work with great people. 44. What I learned from 500+ tech interviews in the last 6.5 years I conducted 500+ tech interviews in the last 6.5 years. Here is what I learned. 45. 10 Proven Techniques to Improve Candidate Experience Do you provide a great candidate experience? Why should you improve candidate experience? 46. "Assume You Don’t Know and Test Everything" As entrepreneurs, much of our decision making is grounded in empirical data, and that makes sense. There’s too much at stake to risk it all purely on guesswork. 47. Interview with Geoff Smart: How To Hire Top Talent “The secret of my success is that we have gone to exceptional lengths to hire the best people in the world.” 48. Product Marketer vs. Growth Marketer vs. Content Marketer: How to Choose Your First Marketing Hire Product, growth, and content marketers all have unique roles to play in your tech startup, but which should you prioritize? This article answers that question. 49. These are the 100+ Companies Hiring Data Scientists Now Many data scientists have lost their jobs amidst a pandemic-fueled recession. Fortunately, several areas are seeing increased demand, so data science opportunities still abound. Below is a non-exhaustive list of companies hiring data scientists right now. 50. 5 Lessons Learned from Hiring Engineers: Here’s What Talent Managers are Doing Wrong Hiring a skilled engineer is crucial your project - that's you want to get it right. Here are 5 lessons we learned from helping companies hire engineers. 51. These are the 100+ Companies Hiring Data Scientists Now Many data scientists have lost their jobs amidst a pandemic-fueled recession. Fortunately, several areas are seeing increased demand, so data science opportunities still abound. Below is a non-exhaustive list of companies hiring data scientists right now. Thank you for checking out the 51 most read stories about Startup Hiring on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

51 Stories To Learn About Startup Hiring

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is quickly transforming the way we move and handle money. With rapid innovation and new developments coming every so often, it might seem like DeFi is poised to replace the traditional financial system (TradFi). This is certainly what the most hardcore blockchain and crypto proponents look forward to. However, it's highly unlikely that will happen. The traditional financial system is deeply ingrained in a lot of the functions and processes of the modern world, with some of the largest banks boasting balance sheets worth . Digital currencies on decentralized networks are not going to overthrow them. trillions of dollars Generally, experts agree that in the coming years, DeFi will emerge as a tool to upgrade the current financial system rather than replace it. This is already underway, with some major banks and financial institutions, like , HSBC, and Goldman Sachs, taking steps to embrace cryptocurrency and blockchain-based technologies. J.P. Morgan At the same, a crypto banking space consisting of institutions like , which are built like traditional banks but with Web3 and crypto integration is emerging. This shows that the future financial system will harness the synergistic potential of both traditional and decentralized banking. OneSafe How will this unfold, and what will it look like? A World Without Borders While the globe is still the same size it was 4.5 billion years ago, the world has gotten significantly smaller since the start of the 21st century. Improved transport infrastructure has made traveling the easiest it has ever been. Today, wherever peace and democracy prevail, people can cheaply and efficiently move across borders for business and pleasure. However, the biggest impact has arguably come from the internet, which has allowed people from all corners of the world to connect with unprecedented ease. In recent years, this has fueled the remote work revolution. Today, people don’t have to be in the same office or in the same country to work together. Thanks to these phenomena, there is a growing demand for financial institutions that aren’t bound by borders. People want to be able to conveniently pay for goods and services wherever they travel. Businesses, too, want the same when it comes to paying their overseas employees. Existing solutions, like SWIFT and overseas ATMs, are costly and inefficient, though, and this is where DeFi-inspired solutions step in. DeFi services tend to be global. Being built on blockchain technology means normal operations aren’t restricted by national boundaries, making them easily accessible by anyone, anywhere in the world. So, with increasing demand for globally accessible services at the same cost and efficiency, financial institutions will have to embrace DeFi solutions in a push to become borderless. This includes processing transactions on-chain for faster completion times of cross-border payments, using crypto-assets as bridge currencies for faster and cheaper conversions, and supporting cryptocurrency transactions and payments. The Desire for a Better User Experience Assets like bitcoin ( ) and ether ( ) have proven themselves worthy long-term investment instruments, while non-fungible tokens (NFTs) left a lasting impact during their . All this has made digital assets appealing to the public, with many individuals to owning crypto. BTC ETH 2022 peak increasingly open Tokenization is also becoming more widespread. As the cost and efficiency benefits of blockchain technologies become more apparent, real-world assets (RWAs) like stocks, bonds, and even fiat currencies are being made available to users and investors on-chain. Unified Platforms In the coming years, many people will have diversified portfolios featuring multiple or even all of these asset classes.  And ideally, most would prefer the ability to manage all their assets in one place. This makes things such as managing balances and tracking profits/losses convenient. Unfortunately, DeFi isn’t known for its user experience. It's full of technicalities that make it unintuitive for the average person to navigate. Different blockchains, consensus mechanisms, and token standards also make it difficult to develop unified asset management platforms. TradFi might have the upper hand in this regard since it's generally easier to use TradFi platforms than DeFi protocols. With a headstart in the decades, it has had the time to perfect its user experience, evidenced by how easy traditional banking and payment platforms are to use. Leveraging this, financial institutions can develop asset management platforms from where users can manage all their assets, fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and RWAs, in one place. These don’t have to be fully custodial; they can implement features like multi-sig wallets to give users some level of custody and control over their assets, like in DeFi. A New Financial Frontier The coming years will see more people adopt cryptocurrencies, RWAs come on-chain, and a growing demand for globally accessible financial services. This will forge a new financial frontier, one where traditional and decentralized finance converge. As a result, a new breed of banks and financial institutions that leverage Web3 technologies will emerge to meet the growing demands of users in regard to both traditional assets and cryptocurrencies.

DeFi vs TradFi: Why the Future of Finance Will Be Hybrid

On the Exportation of Machinery

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . BARNES' VENTILATOR FOR MATTRESSES, ETC. here BARNES' VENTILATOR FOR MATTRESSES, ETC. Many diseases are caused by the use of beds not properly aired; and it is difficult, if not impossible, to properly air, or ventilate, a mattress, made in the usual manner. If this could be done more thoroughly than it generally is, much sickness would be avoided. To secure this object cheaply and efficiently is the design of the invention herewith illustrated. By it a complete circulation of air through the mattress is secured, which carries off all dampness arising from constant use. Thus the mattress becomes more healthy for sleeping purposes, more durable and better fitted for the sick room. The ventilators consist of coiled wire, covered with coarse cloth (to prevent the stuffing closing up the tube), running through the mattress in all directions. The ends of the coils are secured to the ticking by means of metal thimbles, inside of which are pieces of wire gauze, to prevent insects getting in, but which admit air freely. The cost of the ventilators is small, and they will last as long as any mattress. They can be applied to any bed at small expense. This invention was patented through the Scientific American Patent Agency, January 10, 1871. The right to manufacture will be disposed of in any part of the country. Further information can be obtained by addressing the proprietors, Barnes & Allen, Hoosick Falls, N. Y. The third annual exhibition of the National Photographic Association takes place at Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, June 6, 1871. Prof. Morton is to deliver two lectures on Light. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19180/pg19180-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

BARNES' VENTILATOR FOR MATTRESSES, ETC

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