Pacto

pacto

After this long digression

Urbain Grandier by Alexandre Dumas, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Chapter V URBAIN GRANDIER - CHAPTER V Since October 13th, the day on which the demons had been expelled, life at the convent seemed to have returned to its usual quiet; but Grandier did not let himself be lulled to sleep by the calm: he knew those with whom he was contending too well to imagine for an instant that he would hear no more of them; and when the bailiff expressed pleasure at this interval of repose, Grandier said that it would not last long, as the nuns were only conning new parts, in order to carry on the drama in a more effective manner than ever. And in fact, on November 22nd, Rene Mannouri, surgeon to the convent, was sent to one of his colleagues, named Gaspard Joubert, to beg him to come, bringing some of the physicians of the town with him, to visit the two sisters, who were again tormented by evil spirits. Mannouri, however, had gone to the wrong man, for Joubert had a frank and loyal character, and hated everything that was underhand. Being determined to take no part in the business, except in a public and judicial manner, he applied at once to the bailiff to know if it was by his orders that he was called in. The bailiff said it was not, and summoned Mannouri before him to ask him by whose authority he had sent for Joubert. Mannouri declared that the ‘touriere’ had run in a fright to his house, saying that the nuns had never been worse possessed than now, and that the director, Mignon, begged him to come at once to the convent, bringing with him all the doctors he could find. The bailiff, seeing that fresh plots against Grandier were being formed, sent for him and warned him that Barre had come over from Chinon the day before, and had resumed his exorcisms at the convent, adding that it was currently reported in the town that the mother superior and Sister Claire were again tormented by devils. The news neither astonished nor discouraged Grandier, who replied, with his usual smile of disdain, that it was evident his enemies were hatching new plots against him, and that as he had instituted proceedings against them for the former ones, he would take the same course with regard to these. At the same time, knowing how impartial the bailiff was, he begged him to accompany the doctors and officials to the convent, and to be present at the exorcisms, and should any sign of real possession manifest itself, to sequester the afflicted nuns at once, and cause them to be examined by other persons than Mignon and Barre, whom he had such good cause to distrust. The bailiff wrote to the king’s attorney, who, notwithstanding his bias against Grandier, was forced to see that the conclusions arrived at were correct, and having certified this in writing, he at once sent his clerk to the convent to inquire if the superior were still possessed. In case of an affirmative reply being given, the clerk had instructions to warn Mignon and Barre that they were not to undertake exorcisms unless in presence of the bailiff and of such officials and doctors as he might choose to bring with him, and that they would disobey at their peril; he was also to tell them that Grandier’s demands to have the nuns sequestered and other exorcists called in were granted. Mignon and Barre listened while the clerk read his instructions, and then said they refused to recognise the jurisdiction of the bailiff in this case; that they had been summoned by the mother superior and Sister Claire when their strange illness returned, an illness which they were convinced was nothing else than possession by evil spirits; that they had hitherto carried out their exorcisms under the authority of a commission given them by the Bishop of Poitiers; and as the time for which they had permission had not yet expired; they would continue to exorcise as often as might be necessary. They had, however, given notice to the worthy prelate of what was going on, in order that he might either come himself or send other exorcists as best suited him, so that a valid opinion as to the reality, of the possession might be procured, for up to the present the worldly and unbelieving had taken upon themselves to declare in an off-hand manner that the whole affair was a mixture of fraud and delusion, in contempt of the glory of God and the Catholic religion. As to the rest of the message, they would not, in any way prevent the bailiff and the other officials, with as many medical men as they chose to bring, from seeing the nuns, at least until they heard from the bishop, from whom they expected a letter next day. But it was for the nuns themselves to say whether it was convenient for them to receive visitors; as far as concerned themselves, they desired to renew their protest, and declared they could not accept the bailiff as their judge, and did not think that it could be legal for them to refuse to obey a command from their ecclesiastical superiors, whether with relation to exorcism or any other thing of which the ecclesiastical courts properly took cognisance. The clerk brought this answer to the bailiff, and he, thinking it was better to wait for the arrival of the bishop or of fresh orders from him, put off his visit to the convent until the next day. But the next day came without anything being heard of the prelate himself or of a messenger from him. Early in the morning the bailiff went to the convent, but was not admitted; he then waited patiently until noon, and seeing that no news had arrived from Dissay, and that the convent gates were still closed against him, he granted a second petition of Grandier’s, to the effect that Byre and Mignon should be prohibited from questioning the superior and the other nuns in a manner tending to blacken the character of the petitioner or any other person. Notice of this prohibition was served the same day on Barre and on one nun chosen to represent the community. Barre did not pay the slightest attention to this notice, but kept on asserting that the bailiff had no right to prevent his obeying the commands of his bishop, and declaring that henceforward he would perform all exorcisms solely under ecclesiastical sanction, without any reference to lay persons, whose unbelief and impatience impaired the solemnity with which such rites should be conducted. The best part of the day having gone over without any sign of either bishop or messenger, Grandier presented a new petition to the bailiff. The bailiff at once summoned all the officers of the bailiwick and the attorneys of the king, in order to lay it before them; but the king’s attorneys refused to consider the matter, declaring upon their honour that although they did not accuse Grandier of being the cause, yet they believed that the nuns were veritably possessed, being convinced by the testimony of the devout ecclesiastics in whose presence the evil spirits had come out. This was only the ostensible reason for their refusal, the real one being that the advocate was a relation of Mignon’s, and the attorney a son-in-law of Trinquant’s, to whose office he had succeeded. Thus Grandier, against whom were all the ecclesiastical judges, began to feel as if he were condemned beforehand by the judges of the royal courts, for he knew how very short was the interval between the recognition of the possession as a fact and the recognition of himself as its author. Nevertheless, in spite of the formal declarations of the king’s advocate and attorney, the bailiff ordered the superior and the lay sister to be removed to houses in town, each to be accompanied by a nun as companion. During their absence from the convent they were to be looked after by exorcists, by women of high character and position, as well as by physicians and attendants, all of whom he himself would appoint, all others being forbidden access to the nuns without his permission. The clerk was again sent to the convent with a copy of this decision, but the superior having listened to the reading of the document, answered that in her own name and that of the sisterhood she refused to recognise the jurisdiction of the bailiff; that she had already received directions from the Bishop of Poitiers, dated 18th November, explaining the measures which were to be taken in the matter, and she would gladly send a copy of these directions to the bailiff, to prevent his pleading ignorance of them; furthermore, she demurred to the order for her removal, having vowed to live always secluded in a convent, and that no one could dispense her from this vow but the bishop. This protest having been made in the presence of Madame de Charnisay, aunt of two of the nuns, and Surgeon Mannouri, who was related to another, they both united in drawing up a protest against violence, in case the bailiff should insist on having his orders carried out, declaring that, should he make the attempt, they would resist him, as if he were a mere private individual. This document being duly signed and witnessed was immediately sent to the bailiff by the hand of his own clerk, whereupon the bailiff ordered that preparations should be made with regard to the sequestration, and announced that the next day, the 24th November, he would repair to the convent and be present at the exorcisms. The next day accordingly, at the appointed hour, the bailiff summoned Daniel Roger, Vincent de Faux, Gaspard Joubert, and Matthieu Fanson, all four physicians, to his presence, and acquainting them with his reasons for having called them, asked them to accompany him to the convent to examine, with the most scrupulous impartiality, two nuns whom he would point out, in order to discover if their illness were feigned, or arose from natural or supernatural causes. Having thus instructed them as to his wishes, they all set out for the convent. They were shown into the chapel and placed close to the altar, being separated by a grating from the choir, in which the nuns who sang usually sat. In a few moments the superior was carried in on a small bed, which was laid down before the grating. Barre then said mass, during which the superior went into violent convulsions. She threw her arms about, her fingers were clenched, her cheeks enormously inflated, and her eyes turned up so that only the whites could be seen. The mass finished, Barre approached her to administer the holy communion and to commence the exorcism. Holding the holy wafer in his hand, he said— “Adora Deum tuum, creatorem tuum” (Adore God, thy Creator). The superior hesitated, as if she found great difficulty in making this act of love, but at length she said— “Adoro te” (I adore Thee). “Quem adoras?” (Whom dost thou adore?) “Jesus Christus” (Jesus Christ), answered the nun, quite unconscious that the verb adorn governs accusative. This mistake, which no sixth-form boy would make, gave rise to bursts of laughter in the church; and Daniel Douin, the provost’s assessor, was constrained to say aloud— “There’s a devil for you, who does not know much about transitive verbs.” Barre perceiving the bad impression that the superior’s nominative had made, hastened to ask her— “Quis est iste quem adoras?” (Who is it whom thou dost adore?) His hope was that she would again reply “Jesus Christus,” but he was disappointed. “Jesu Christe,” was her answer. Renewed shouts of laughter greeted this infraction of one of the most elementary rules of syntax, and several of those present exclaimed: “Oh, your reverence, what very poor Latin!” Barre pretended not to hear, and next asked what was the name of the demon who had taken possession of her. The poor superior, who was greatly confused by the unexpected effect of her last two answers, could not speak for a long time; but at length with great trouble she brought out the name Asmodee, without daring to latinise it. The exorcist then inquired how many devils the superior had in her body, and to this question she replied quite fluently: “Sex” (Six). The bailiff upon this requested Barre to ask the chief devil how many evil spirits he had with him. But the need for this answer had been foreseen, and the nun unhesitatingly returned— “Quinque” (Five). This answer raised Asmodee somewhat in the opinion of those present; but when the bailiff adjured the superior to repeat in Greek what she had just said in Latin she made no reply, and on the adjuration being renewed she immediately recovered her senses. The examination of the superior being thus cut short, a little nun who appeared for the first time in public was brought forward. She began by twice pronouncing the name of Grandier with a loud laugh; then turning to the bystanders, called out— “For all your number, you can do nothing worth while.” As it was easy to see that nothing of importance was to be expected from this new patient, she was soon suppressed, and her place taken by the lay sister Claire who had already made her debut in the mother superior’s room. Hardly had she entered the choir than she uttered a groan, but as soon as they placed her on the little bed on which the other nuns had lain, she gave way to uncontrollable laughter, and cried out between the paroxysms— “Grandier, Grandier, you must buy some at the market.” Barre at once declared that these wild and whirling words were a proof of possession, and approached to exorcise the demon; but Sister Claire resisted, and pretending to spit in the face of the exorcist, put out her tongue at him, making indecent gestures, using a word in harmony with her actions. This word being in the vernacular was understood by everyone and required no interpretation. The exorcist then conjured her to give the name of the demon who was in her, and she replied— “Grandier.” But Barre by repeating his question gave her to understand that she had made a mistake, whereupon she corrected herself and said— “Elimi.” Nothing in the world could induce her to reveal the number of evil spirits by whom Elimi was accompanied, so that Barre, seeing that it was useless to press her on this point, passed on to the next question. “Quo pacto ingressus est daemon.” (By what pact did the demon get in?). “Duplex” (Double), returned Sister Claire. This horror of the ablative, when the ablative was absolutely necessary, aroused once more the hilarity of the audience, and proved that Sister Claire’s devil was just as poor a Latin scholar as the superior’s, and Barre, fearing some new linguistic eccentricity on the part of the evil spirit, adjourned the meeting to another day. The paucity of learning shown in the answers of the nuns being sufficient to convince any fairminded person that the whole affair was a ridiculous comedy, the bailiff felt encouraged to persevere until he had unravelled the whole plot. Consequently, at three o’clock in the afternoon, he returned to the convent, accompanied by his clerk, by several magistrates, and by a considerable number of the best known people of Loudun, and asked to see the superior. Being admitted, he announced to Barre that he had come to insist on the superior being separated from Sister Claire, so that each could be exorcised apart. Barre dared not refuse before such a great number of witnesses, therefore the superior was isolated and the exorcisms begun all over again. Instantly the convulsions returned, just as in the morning, only that now she twisted her feet into the form of hooks, which was a new accomplishment. Having adjured her several times, the exorcist succeeded in making her repeat some prayers, and then sounded her as to the name and number of the demons in possession, whereupon she said three times that there was one called Achaos. The bailiff then directed Barre to ask if she were possessed ‘ex pacto magi, aut ex Aura voluntate Dei’ (by a pact with a sorcerer or by the pure will of God), to which the superior answered “Non est voluutas Dei” (Not by the will of God). Upon this, Barre dreading more questions from the bystanders, hastily resumed his own catechism by asking who was the sorcerer. “Urbanus,” answered the superior. “Est-ne Urbanus papa” (Is it Pope Urban?), asked the exorcist. “Grandier,” replied the superior. “Quare ingressus es in corpus hujus puellae” (Why did you enter the body of this maiden?), said Barre. “Propter praesentiam tuum” (Because of your presence), answered the superior. At this point the bailiff, seeing no reason why the dialogue between Barre and the superior should ever come to an end, interposed and demanded that questions suggested by him and the other officials present should be put to the superior, promising that if she answered three of four such questions correctly, he, and those with him, would believe in the reality of the possession, and would certify to that effect. Barre accepted the challenge, but unluckily just at that moment the superior regained consciousness, and as it was already late, everyone retired. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Alexandre Dumas (2004). Urbain Grandier. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/2746/pg2746-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

October 13th, the day on which the demons had been expelled

THE EVENING SKY AT THE SUMMER SOLSTICE

Moby-Dick; or The Whale, by Herman Melville is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here: . Chapter 99: The Doubloon [LINK TO TABLE OF LINK] CHAPTER 99. The Doubloon. Ere now it has been related how Ahab was wont to pace his quarter-deck, taking regular turns at either limit, the binnacle and mainmast; but in the multiplicity of other things requiring narration it has not been added how that sometimes in these walks, when most plunged in his mood, he was wont to pause in turn at each spot, and stand there strangely eyeing the particular object before him. When he halted before the binnacle, with his glance fastened on the pointed needle in the compass, that glance shot like a javelin with the pointed intensity of his purpose; and when resuming his walk he again paused before the mainmast, then, as the same riveted glance fastened upon the riveted gold coin there, he still wore the same aspect of nailed firmness, only dashed with a certain wild longing, if not hopefulness. But one morning, turning to pass the doubloon, he seemed to be newly attracted by the strange figures and inscriptions stamped on it, as though now for the first time beginning to interpret for himself in some monomaniac way whatever significance might lurk in them. And some certain significance lurks in all things, else all things are little worth, and the round world itself but an empty cipher, except to sell by the cartload, as they do hills about Boston, to fill up some morass in the Milky Way. Now this doubloon was of purest, virgin gold, raked somewhere out of the heart of gorgeous hills, whence, east and west, over golden sands, the head-waters of many a Pactolus flows. And though now nailed amidst all the rustiness of iron bolts and the verdigris of copper spikes, yet, untouchable and immaculate to any foulness, it still preserved its Quito glow. Nor, though placed amongst a ruthless crew and every hour passed by ruthless hands, and through the livelong nights shrouded with thick darkness which might cover any pilfering approach, nevertheless every sunrise found the doubloon where the sunset left it last. For it was set apart and sanctified to one awe-striking end; and however wanton in their sailor ways, one and all, the mariners revered it as the white whale’s talisman. Sometimes they talked it over in the weary watch by night, wondering whose it was to be at last, and whether he would ever live to spend it. Now those noble golden coins of South America are as medals of the sun and tropic token-pieces. Here palms, alpacas, and volcanoes; sun’s disks and stars; ecliptics, horns-of-plenty, and rich banners waving, are in luxuriant profusion stamped; so that the precious gold seems almost to derive an added preciousness and enhancing glories, by passing through those fancy mints, so Spanishly poetic. It so chanced that the doubloon of the Pequod was a most wealthy example of these things. On its round border it bore the letters, REPUBLICA DEL ECUADOR: QUITO. So this bright coin came from a country planted in the middle of the world, and beneath the great equator, and named after it; and it had been cast midway up the Andes, in the unwaning clime that knows no autumn. Zoned by those letters you saw the likeness of three Andes’ summits; from one a flame; a tower on another; on the third a crowing cock; while arching over all was a segment of the partitioned zodiac, the signs all marked with their usual cabalistics, and the keystone sun entering the equinoctial point at Libra. Before this equatorial coin, Ahab, not unobserved by others, was now pausing. “There’s something ever egotistical in mountain-tops and towers, and all other grand and lofty things; look here,—three peaks as proud as Lucifer. The firm tower, that is Ahab; the volcano, that is Ahab; the courageous, the undaunted, and victorious fowl, that, too, is Ahab; all are Ahab; and this round gold is but the image of the rounder globe, which, like a magician’s glass, to each and every man in turn but mirrors back his own mysterious self. Great pains, small gains for those who ask the world to solve them; it cannot solve itself. Methinks now this coined sun wears a ruddy face; but see! aye, he enters the sign of storms, the equinox! and but six months before he wheeled out of a former equinox at Aries! From storm to storm! So be it, then. Born in throes, ’tis fit that man should live in pains and die in pangs! So be it, then! Here’s stout stuff for woe to work on. So be it, then.” “No fairy fingers can have pressed the gold, but devil’s claws must have left their mouldings there since yesterday,” murmured Starbuck to himself, leaning against the bulwarks. “The old man seems to read Belshazzar’s awful writing. I have never marked the coin inspectingly. He goes below; let me read. A dark valley between three mighty, heaven-abiding peaks, that almost seem the Trinity, in some faint earthly symbol. So in this vale of Death, God girds us round; and over all our gloom, the sun of Righteousness still shines a beacon and a hope. If we bend down our eyes, the dark vale shows her mouldy soil; but if we lift them, the bright sun meets our glance half way, to cheer. Yet, oh, the great sun is no fixture; and if, at midnight, we would fain snatch some sweet solace from him, we gaze for him in vain! This coin speaks wisely, mildly, truly, but still sadly to me. I will quit it, lest Truth shake me falsely.” “There now’s the old Mogul,” soliloquized Stubb by the try-works, “he’s been twigging it; and there goes Starbuck from the same, and both with faces which I should say might be somewhere within nine fathoms long. And all from looking at a piece of gold, which did I have it now on Negro Hill or in Corlaer’s Hook, I’d not look at it very long ere spending it. Humph! in my poor, insignificant opinion, I regard this as queer. I have seen doubloons before now in my voyagings; your doubloons of old Spain, your doubloons of Peru, your doubloons of Chili, your doubloons of Bolivia, your doubloons of Popayan; with plenty of gold moidores and pistoles, and joes, and half joes, and quarter joes. What then should there be in this doubloon of the Equator that is so killing wonderful? By Golconda! let me read it once. Halloa! here’s signs and wonders truly! That, now, is what old Bowditch in his Epitome calls the zodiac, and what my almanac below calls ditto. I’ll get the almanac and as I have heard devils can be raised with Daboll’s arithmetic, I’ll try my hand at raising a meaning out of these queer curvicues here with the Massachusetts calendar. Here’s the book. Let’s see now. Signs and wonders; and the sun, he’s always among ’em. Hem, hem, hem; here they are—here they go—all alive:—Aries, or the Ram; Taurus, or the Bull and Jimimi! here’s Gemini himself, or the Twins. Well; the sun he wheels among ’em. Aye, here on the coin he’s just crossing the threshold between two of twelve sitting-rooms all in a ring. Book! you lie there; the fact is, you books must know your places. You’ll do to give us the bare words and facts, but we come in to supply the thoughts. That’s my small experience, so far as the Massachusetts calendar, and Bowditch’s navigator, and Daboll’s arithmetic go. Signs and wonders, eh? Pity if there is nothing wonderful in signs, and significant in wonders! There’s a clue somewhere; wait a bit; hist—hark! By Jove, I have it! Look you, Doubloon, your zodiac here is the life of man in one round chapter; and now I’ll read it off, straight out of the book. Come, Almanack! To begin: there’s Aries, or the Ram—lecherous dog, he begets us; then, Taurus, or the Bull—he bumps us the first thing; then Gemini, or the Twins—that is, Virtue and Vice; we try to reach Virtue, when lo! comes Cancer the Crab, and drags us back; and here, going from Virtue, Leo, a roaring Lion, lies in the path—he gives a few fierce bites and surly dabs with his paw; we escape, and hail Virgo, the Virgin! that’s our first love; we marry and think to be happy for aye, when pop comes Libra, or the Scales—happiness weighed and found wanting; and while we are very sad about that, Lord! how we suddenly jump, as Scorpio, or the Scorpion, stings us in the rear; we are curing the wound, when whang come the arrows all round; Sagittarius, or the Archer, is amusing himself. As we pluck out the shafts, stand aside! here’s the battering-ram, Capricornus, or the Goat; full tilt, he comes rushing, and headlong we are tossed; when Aquarius, or the Water-bearer, pours out his whole deluge and drowns us; and to wind up with Pisces, or the Fishes, we sleep. There’s a sermon now, writ in high heaven, and the sun goes through it every year, and yet comes out of it all alive and hearty. Jollily he, aloft there, wheels through toil and trouble; and so, alow here, does jolly Stubb. Oh, jolly’s the word for aye! Adieu, Doubloon! But stop; here comes little King-Post; dodge round the try-works, now, and let’s hear what he’ll have to say. There; he’s before it; he’ll out with something presently. So, so; he’s beginning.” “I see nothing here, but a round thing made of gold, and whoever raises a certain whale, this round thing belongs to him. So, what’s all this staring been about? It is worth sixteen dollars, that’s true; and at two cents the cigar, that’s nine hundred and sixty cigars. I won’t smoke dirty pipes like Stubb, but I like cigars, and here’s nine hundred and sixty of them; so here goes Flask aloft to spy ’em out.” “Shall I call that wise or foolish, now; if it be really wise it has a foolish look to it; yet, if it be really foolish, then has it a sort of wiseish look to it. But, avast; here comes our old Manxman—the old hearse-driver, he must have been, that is, before he took to the sea. He luffs up before the doubloon; halloa, and goes round on the other side of the mast; why, there’s a horse-shoe nailed on that side; and now he’s back again; what does that mean? Hark! he’s muttering—voice like an old worn-out coffee-mill. Prick ears, and listen!” “If the White Whale be raised, it must be in a month and a day, when the sun stands in some one of these signs. I’ve studied signs, and know their marks; they were taught me two score years ago, by the old witch in Copenhagen. Now, in what sign will the sun then be? The horse-shoe sign; for there it is, right opposite the gold. And what’s the horse-shoe sign? The lion is the horse-shoe sign—the roaring and devouring lion. Ship, old ship! my old head shakes to think of thee.” “There’s another rendering now; but still one text. All sorts of men in one kind of world, you see. Dodge again! here comes Queequeg—all tattooing—looks like the signs of the Zodiac himself. What says the Cannibal? As I live he’s comparing notes; looking at his thigh bone; thinks the sun is in the thigh, or in the calf, or in the bowels, I suppose, as the old women talk Surgeon’s Astronomy in the back country. And by Jove, he’s found something there in the vicinity of his thigh—I guess it’s Sagittarius, or the Archer. No: he don’t know what to make of the doubloon; he takes it for an old button off some king’s trowsers. But, aside again! here comes that ghost-devil, Fedallah; tail coiled out of sight as usual, oakum in the toes of his pumps as usual. What does he say, with that look of his? Ah, only makes a sign to the sign and bows himself; there is a sun on the coin—fire worshipper, depend upon it. Ho! more and more. This way comes Pip—poor boy! would he had died, or I; he’s half horrible to me. He too has been watching all of these interpreters—myself included—and look now, he comes to read, with that unearthly idiot face. Stand away again and hear him. Hark!” “I look, you look, he looks; we look, ye look, they look.” “Upon my soul, he’s been studying Murray’s Grammar! Improving his mind, poor fellow! But what’s that he says now—hist!” “I look, you look, he looks; we look, ye look, they look.” “Why, he’s getting it by heart—hist! again.” “I look, you look, he looks; we look, ye look, they look.” “Well, that’s funny.” “And I, you, and he; and we, ye, and they, are all bats; and I’m a crow, especially when I stand a’top of this pine tree here. Caw! caw! caw! caw! caw! caw! Ain’t I a crow? And where’s the scare-crow? There he stands; two bones stuck into a pair of old trowsers, and two more poked into the sleeves of an old jacket.” “Wonder if he means me?—complimentary!—poor lad!—I could go hang myself. Any way, for the present, I’ll quit Pip’s vicinity. I can stand the rest, for they have plain wits; but he’s too crazy-witty for my sanity. So, so, I leave him muttering.” “Here’s the ship’s navel, this doubloon here, and they are all on fire to unscrew it. But, unscrew your navel, and what’s the consequence? Then again, if it stays here, that is ugly, too, for when aught’s nailed to the mast it’s a sign that things grow desperate. Ha, ha! old Ahab! the White Whale; he’ll nail ye! This is a pine tree. My father, in old Tolland county, cut down a pine tree once, and found a silver ring grown over in it; some old darkey’s wedding ring. How did it get there? And so they’ll say in the resurrection, when they come to fish up this old mast, and find a doubloon lodged in it, with bedded oysters for the shaggy bark. Oh, the gold! the precious, precious, gold! the green miser’ll hoard ye soon! Hish! hish! God goes ’mong the worlds blackberrying. Cook! ho, cook! and cook us! Jenny! hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, Jenny, Jenny! and get your hoe-cake done!” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from Melville, Herman, 2001. Moby-Dick: or The Whale. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2701/2701-h/2701-h.htm#link2HCH0099 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Moby-Dick; or The Whale: Chapter 99 - The Doubloon

The Count of Monte Cristo, Illustrated: Chapter 65 - A Conjugal Scene

Authors:
(1) Li Siyao, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University;
(2) Tianpei Gu, Lexica and Work completed at UCLA;
(3) Weiye Xiao, Southeast University;
(4) Henghui Ding, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University;
(5) Ziwei Liu, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University;
(6) Chen Change Loy, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University and a Corresponding Author. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Related Work
Mixamo Line Art Dataset
Our Approach
Experiment
Conclusion and References 6. Conclusion In this study, we address the practical problem of cartoon line inbetweening and propose a novel approach that treats line arts as geometrized vector graphs. Unlike previous frame interpolation tasks on raster images, our approach formulates the inbetweening task as a graph fusion problem with vertex repositioning. We present a deep learning-based framework called AnimeInbet, which shows significant gains over existing methods in terms of both quantitative and qualitative evaluation. To facilitate training and evaluation on cartoon line inbetweening, we also provide a large-scale geometrized line art dataset, MixamoLine240. Our proposed framework and dataset facilitate a wide range of applications, such as anime production and multimedia design, and have significant practical implications. Acknowledgement. This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme (AISG Award No: AISG-PhD/2021-01- 031[T]). It is also supported under the RIE2020 Industry Alignment Fund Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) Funding Initiative, as well as cash and in-kind contribution from the industry partner(s). This study is partially supported by NTU NAP, MOE AcRF Tier 1 (2021-T1-001-088). References [1] Mixamo. https://www.mixamo.com/. 3 [2] Mikhail Belkin and Partha Niyogi. Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation. Neural computation, 15(6):1373–1396, 2003. 5 [3] Leonardo Carvalho, Ricardo Marroquim, and Emilio Vital Brazil. Dilight: Digital light table–inbetweening for 2d animations using guidelines. Computers & Graphics, 2017. 3 [4] Evan Casey, V´ıctor Perez, and Zhuoru Li. The animation ´ transformer: Visual correspondence via segment matching. In ICCV, 2021. 1, 3 [5] Shuhong Chen and Matthias Zwicker. Improving the perceptual quality of 2d animation interpolation. In ECCV, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [6] Zhewei Huang, Tianyuan Zhang, Wen Heng, Boxin Shi, and Shuchang Zhou. Real-time intermediate flow estimation for video frame interpolation. In ECCV, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [7] Huaizu Jiang, Deqing Sun, Varun Jampani, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Erik Learned-Miller, and Jan Kautz. Super SloMo: High quality estimation of multiple intermediate frames for video interpolation. In CVPR, 2018. 2 [8] Kangyeol Kim, Sunghyun Park, Jaeseong Lee, Sunghyo Chung, Junsoo Lee, and Jaegul Choo. Animeceleb: Largescale animation celebheads dataset for head reenactment. In ECCV, 2022. 3 [9] Diederik Kingma and Jimmy Ba. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. In ICLR, 2014. 7 [10] Johannes Kopf and Dani Lischinski. Digital reconstruction of halftoned color comics. ACM TOG, 31(6), 2012. 1, 3 [11] Xiaoyu Li, Bo Zhang, Jing Liao, and Pedro V. Sander. Deep sketch-guided cartoon video inbetweening. TVCG, 2020. 2 [12] Songtao Liu, Jin Huang, and Hao Zhang. End-to-end line drawing vectorization. In AAAI, 2022. 3, 4 [13] Ziwei Liu, Raymond A Yeh, Xiaoou Tang, Yiming Liu, and Aseem Agarwala. Video frame synthesis using deep voxel flow. In CVPR, 2017. 2 [14] Liying Lu, Ruizheng Wu, Huaijia Lin, Jiangbo Lu, and Jiaya Jia. Video frame interpolation with transformer. In CVPR, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [15] Haoran Mo, Edgar Simo-Serra, Chengying Gao, Changqing Zou, and Ruomei Wang. General virtual sketching framework for vector line art. In SIGGRAPH, 2021. 3, 4, 7, 9 [16] Rei Narita, Keigo Hirakawa, and Kiyoharu Aizawa. Optical flow based line drawing frame interpolation using distance transform to support inbetweenings. In ICIP, 2019. 7 [17] Simon Niklaus and Feng Liu. Context-aware synthesis for video frame interpolation. In CVPR, 2018. 2 [18] Simon Niklaus and Feng Liu. Softmax splatting for video frame interpolation. In CVPR, 2020. 2 [19] Simon Niklaus, Long Mai, and Feng Liu. Video frame interpolation via adaptive convolution. In CVPR, 2017. 2 [20] Simon Niklaus, Long Mai, and Feng Liu. Video frame interpolation via adaptive separable convolution. In ICCV, 2017. 2 [21] Junheum Park, Keunsoo Ko, Chul Lee, and Chang-Su Kim. Bmbc: Bilateral motion estimation with bilateral cost volume for video interpolation. In ECCV, 2020. 2 [22] Yingge Qu, Tien-Tsin Wong, and Pheng-Ann Heng. Manga colorization. ACM TOG, 25(3), 2006. 1, 3 [23] Fitsum Reda, Janne Kontkanen, Eric Tabellion, Deqing Sun, Caroline Pantofaru, and Brian Curless. Film: Frame interpolation for large motion. In ECCV, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [24] Paul-Edouard Sarlin, Daniel DeTone, Tomasz Malisiewicz, and Andrew Rabinovich. Superglue: Learning feature matching with graph neural networks. In CVPR, 2020. 5 [25] Maria Shugrina, Ziheng Liang, Amlan Kar, Jiaman Li, Angad Singh, Karan Singh, and Sanja Fidler. Creative flow+ dataset. In CVPR, 2019. 3 [26] Hyeonjun Sim, Jihyong Oh, and Munchurl Kim. Xvfi: extreme video frame interpolation. In ICCV, 2021. 2 [27] Edgar Simo-Serra, Satoshi Iizuka, and Hiroshi Ishikawa. Mastering sketching: Adversarial augmentation for structured prediction. ACM TOG, 37(1), 2018. 2 [28] Edgar Simo-Serra, Satoshi Iizuka, Kazuma Sasaki, and Hiroshi Ishikawa. Learning to simplify: Fully convolutional networks for rough sketch cleanup. ACM TOG, 35(4), 2016. 2 [29] Li Siyao, Yuhang Li, Bo Li, Chao Dong, Ziwei Liu, and Chen Change Loy. Animerun: 2d animation visual correspondence from open source 3d movies. In NeurIPS, 2022. 3 [30] Li Siyao, Shiyu Zhao, Weijiang Yu, Wenxiu Sun, Dimitris Metaxas, Chen Change Loy, and Ziwei Liu. Deep animation video interpolation in the wild. In CVPR, 2021. 2 [31] Jiaming Sun, Zehong Shen, Yuang Wang, Hujun Bao, and Xiaowei Zhou. Loftr: Detector-free local feature matching with transformers. In CVPR, 2021. 5 [32] D. Sykora, J. Buri ` anek, and J. ´ Zˇ ara. Unsupervised coloriza- ´ tion of black-and-white cartoons. In Int. Symp. NPAR, 2004. 1, 3 [33] Haofei Xu, Jing Zhang, Jianfei Cai, Hamid Rezatofighi, and Dacheng Tao. Gmflow: Learning optical flow via global matching. In CVPR, 2022. 5 [34] Xiangyu Xu, Li Siyao, Wenxiu Sun, Qian Yin, and MingHsuan Yang. Quadratic video interpolation. In NeurIPS, 2019. 2 [35] Wenwu Yang. Context-aware computer aided inbetweening. IEEE TVCG, 24(2):1049–1062, 2017. 3 [36] Chih-Yuan Yao, Shih-Hsuan Hung, Guo-Wei Li, I-Yu Chen, Reza Adhitya, and Yu-Chi Lai. Manga vectorization and manipulation with procedural simple screentone. IEEE TVCG, 23(2), 2016. 3, 4 [37] Lvmin Zhang and Maneesh Agrawala. Adding conditional control to text-to-image diffusion models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.05543, 2023. 3 [38] Lvmin Zhang, Jinyue Jiang, Yi Ji, and Chunping Liu. Smartshadow: Artistic shadow drawing tool for line drawings. In ICCV, 2021. 1, 3 [39] Lvmin Zhang, Chengze Li, Tien-Tsin Wong, Yi Ji, and Chunping Liu. Two-stage sketch colorization. In SIGGRAPH, 2018. 1, 3 [40] Song-Hai Zhang, Tao Chen, Yi-Fei Zhang, Shi-Min Hu, and Ralph R. Martin. Vectorizing cartoon animations. IEEE TVCG, 15(4), 2009. 3, 4 This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Li Siyao, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University; (2) Tianpei Gu, Lexica and Work completed at UCLA; (3) Weiye Xiao, Southeast University; (4) Henghui Ding, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University; (5) Ziwei Liu, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University; (6) Chen Change Loy, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University and a Corresponding Author. Authors: Authors: (1) Li Siyao, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University; (2) Tianpei Gu, Lexica and Work completed at UCLA; (3) Weiye Xiao, Southeast University; (4) Henghui Ding, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University; (5) Ziwei Liu, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University; (6) Chen Change Loy, S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University and a Corresponding Author. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction Related Work Mixamo Line Art Dataset Our Approach Experiment Conclusion and References Related Work Related Work Mixamo Line Art Dataset Mixamo Line Art Dataset Our Approach Our Approach Experiment Experiment Conclusion and References Conclusion and References 6. Conclusion In this study, we address the practical problem of cartoon line inbetweening and propose a novel approach that treats line arts as geometrized vector graphs. Unlike previous frame interpolation tasks on raster images, our approach formulates the inbetweening task as a graph fusion problem with vertex repositioning. We present a deep learning-based framework called AnimeInbet , which shows significant gains over existing methods in terms of both quantitative and qualitative evaluation. To facilitate training and evaluation on cartoon line inbetweening, we also provide a large-scale geometrized line art dataset, MixamoLine240 . Our proposed framework and dataset facilitate a wide range of applications, such as anime production and multimedia design, and have significant practical implications. AnimeInbet MixamoLine240 Acknowledgement . This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme (AISG Award No: AISG-PhD/2021-01- 031[T]). It is also supported under the RIE2020 Industry Alignment Fund Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) Funding Initiative, as well as cash and in-kind contribution from the industry partner(s). This study is partially supported by NTU NAP, MOE AcRF Tier 1 (2021-T1-001-088). Acknowledgement References [1] Mixamo. https://www.mixamo.com/ . 3 https://www.mixamo.com/ [2] Mikhail Belkin and Partha Niyogi. Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation. Neural computation, 15(6):1373–1396, 2003. 5 [3] Leonardo Carvalho, Ricardo Marroquim, and Emilio Vital Brazil. Dilight: Digital light table–inbetweening for 2d animations using guidelines. Computers & Graphics, 2017. 3 [4] Evan Casey, V´ıctor Perez, and Zhuoru Li. The animation ´ transformer: Visual correspondence via segment matching. In ICCV, 2021. 1, 3 [5] Shuhong Chen and Matthias Zwicker. Improving the perceptual quality of 2d animation interpolation. In ECCV, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [6] Zhewei Huang, Tianyuan Zhang, Wen Heng, Boxin Shi, and Shuchang Zhou. Real-time intermediate flow estimation for video frame interpolation. In ECCV, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [7] Huaizu Jiang, Deqing Sun, Varun Jampani, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Erik Learned-Miller, and Jan Kautz. Super SloMo: High quality estimation of multiple intermediate frames for video interpolation. In CVPR, 2018. 2 [8] Kangyeol Kim, Sunghyun Park, Jaeseong Lee, Sunghyo Chung, Junsoo Lee, and Jaegul Choo. Animeceleb: Largescale animation celebheads dataset for head reenactment. In ECCV, 2022. 3 [9] Diederik Kingma and Jimmy Ba. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. In ICLR, 2014. 7 [10] Johannes Kopf and Dani Lischinski. Digital reconstruction of halftoned color comics. ACM TOG, 31(6), 2012. 1, 3 [11] Xiaoyu Li, Bo Zhang, Jing Liao, and Pedro V. Sander. Deep sketch-guided cartoon video inbetweening. TVCG, 2020. 2 [12] Songtao Liu, Jin Huang, and Hao Zhang. End-to-end line drawing vectorization. In AAAI, 2022. 3, 4 [13] Ziwei Liu, Raymond A Yeh, Xiaoou Tang, Yiming Liu, and Aseem Agarwala. Video frame synthesis using deep voxel flow. In CVPR, 2017. 2 [14] Liying Lu, Ruizheng Wu, Huaijia Lin, Jiangbo Lu, and Jiaya Jia. Video frame interpolation with transformer. In CVPR, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [15] Haoran Mo, Edgar Simo-Serra, Chengying Gao, Changqing Zou, and Ruomei Wang. General virtual sketching framework for vector line art. In SIGGRAPH, 2021. 3, 4, 7, 9 [16] Rei Narita, Keigo Hirakawa, and Kiyoharu Aizawa. Optical flow based line drawing frame interpolation using distance transform to support inbetweenings. In ICIP, 2019. 7 [17] Simon Niklaus and Feng Liu. Context-aware synthesis for video frame interpolation. In CVPR, 2018. 2 [18] Simon Niklaus and Feng Liu. Softmax splatting for video frame interpolation. In CVPR, 2020. 2 [19] Simon Niklaus, Long Mai, and Feng Liu. Video frame interpolation via adaptive convolution. In CVPR, 2017. 2 [20] Simon Niklaus, Long Mai, and Feng Liu. Video frame interpolation via adaptive separable convolution. In ICCV, 2017. 2 [21] Junheum Park, Keunsoo Ko, Chul Lee, and Chang-Su Kim. Bmbc: Bilateral motion estimation with bilateral cost volume for video interpolation. In ECCV, 2020. 2 [22] Yingge Qu, Tien-Tsin Wong, and Pheng-Ann Heng. Manga colorization. ACM TOG, 25(3), 2006. 1, 3 [23] Fitsum Reda, Janne Kontkanen, Eric Tabellion, Deqing Sun, Caroline Pantofaru, and Brian Curless. Film: Frame interpolation for large motion. In ECCV, 2022. 1, 2, 6, 7 [24] Paul-Edouard Sarlin, Daniel DeTone, Tomasz Malisiewicz, and Andrew Rabinovich. Superglue: Learning feature matching with graph neural networks. In CVPR, 2020. 5 [25] Maria Shugrina, Ziheng Liang, Amlan Kar, Jiaman Li, Angad Singh, Karan Singh, and Sanja Fidler. Creative flow+ dataset. In CVPR, 2019. 3 [26] Hyeonjun Sim, Jihyong Oh, and Munchurl Kim. Xvfi: extreme video frame interpolation. In ICCV, 2021. 2 [27] Edgar Simo-Serra, Satoshi Iizuka, and Hiroshi Ishikawa. Mastering sketching: Adversarial augmentation for structured prediction. ACM TOG, 37(1), 2018. 2 [28] Edgar Simo-Serra, Satoshi Iizuka, Kazuma Sasaki, and Hiroshi Ishikawa. Learning to simplify: Fully convolutional networks for rough sketch cleanup. ACM TOG, 35(4), 2016. 2 [29] Li Siyao, Yuhang Li, Bo Li, Chao Dong, Ziwei Liu, and Chen Change Loy. Animerun: 2d animation visual correspondence from open source 3d movies. In NeurIPS, 2022. 3 [30] Li Siyao, Shiyu Zhao, Weijiang Yu, Wenxiu Sun, Dimitris Metaxas, Chen Change Loy, and Ziwei Liu. Deep animation video interpolation in the wild. In CVPR, 2021. 2 [31] Jiaming Sun, Zehong Shen, Yuang Wang, Hujun Bao, and Xiaowei Zhou. Loftr: Detector-free local feature matching with transformers. In CVPR, 2021. 5 [32] D. Sykora, J. Buri ` anek, and J. ´ Zˇ ara. Unsupervised coloriza- ´ tion of black-and-white cartoons. In Int. Symp. NPAR, 2004. 1, 3 [33] Haofei Xu, Jing Zhang, Jianfei Cai, Hamid Rezatofighi, and Dacheng Tao. Gmflow: Learning optical flow via global matching. In CVPR, 2022. 5 [34] Xiangyu Xu, Li Siyao, Wenxiu Sun, Qian Yin, and MingHsuan Yang. Quadratic video interpolation. In NeurIPS, 2019. 2 [35] Wenwu Yang. Context-aware computer aided inbetweening. IEEE TVCG, 24(2):1049–1062, 2017. 3 [36] Chih-Yuan Yao, Shih-Hsuan Hung, Guo-Wei Li, I-Yu Chen, Reza Adhitya, and Yu-Chi Lai. Manga vectorization and manipulation with procedural simple screentone. IEEE TVCG, 23(2), 2016. 3, 4 [37] Lvmin Zhang and Maneesh Agrawala. Adding conditional control to text-to-image diffusion models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.05543, 2023. 3 [38] Lvmin Zhang, Jinyue Jiang, Yi Ji, and Chunping Liu. Smartshadow: Artistic shadow drawing tool for line drawings. In ICCV, 2021. 1, 3 [39] Lvmin Zhang, Chengze Li, Tien-Tsin Wong, Yi Ji, and Chunping Liu. Two-stage sketch colorization. In SIGGRAPH, 2018. 1, 3 [40] Song-Hai Zhang, Tao Chen, Yi-Fei Zhang, Shi-Min Hu, and Ralph R. Martin. Vectorizing cartoon animations. IEEE TVCG, 15(4), 2009. 3, 4 This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Deep Geometrized Cartoon Line Inbetweening: Conclusion and References

Exploring Drone Dynamics: Stability and Force Generation in Multimedia Design

Effective Anomaly Detection Pipeline for Amazon Reviews: References & Appendix

Assessing VASP Solvency For Cryptoassets: Conclusions, and References

Another week, another Company of the Week newsletter! Every week, we feature an awesome tech brand from our tech company database, making its evergreen mark on the internet. This week, we are proud to present RootstockLabs - a key contributor to Rootstock, the first, biggest, and longest-lasting Bitcoin sidechain! RootstockLabs specializes in pioneering innovative solutions within the blockchain space, empowering developers with funding, technology, and marketing support to expand the frontiers of decentralized technology and make Bitcoin work for everyone.Rootstock is the first, biggest, and longest-lasting Bitcoin sidechain. It is the only Bitcoin layer 2 that combines the security of Bitcoin's proof-of-work, with Ethereum's smart contract capabilities. It's is open-source, EVM-compatible, and secured by over 60% of Bitcoin’s hashing power. And with integrations to SushiSwap, Symbiosis, Oku, Tropykus, Asami, and many more, Rootstock represents a gateway to a vibrant ecosystem of dApps that continues to evolve to become fully trustless. Rootstock Labs <> HackerNoon Tech Community RootstockLabs is currently sponsoring the Bitcoin Writing Contest on HackerNoon, with a whopping prize pool of $17,500 for the blockchain community!See the contest announcementhere. Learn How You Can Run Your Writing Contest Meet Rootstock Labs: #FunFact Did you know that Sergio Demian Lerner, Chief Scientist at RootstockLabs, was the one to identify the “Patoshi Pattern”? Sergio started working with Bitcoin as a core developer at the Bitcoin Foundation, moved on to be a security auditor for Ethereum, and then, with a few Argentinian Bitcoiners in 2015, kickstarted a Bitcoin-focsed project, now known as Rootstock; the first, and longest-lasting Bitcoin sidechain. “In 2015, it was the time of the block size wars. There were a lot of problems upgrading Bitcoin. So we said: how can we build on top of Bitcoin? How can we create this open permissionless financial system on top of Bitcoin in a way that doesn't require a change to Bitcoin, [how can] we can show the world the power of layer 2s. And that’s where Rootstock came.
And what I found was that the use case for Rootstock was mostly in Latin American for people that needed a way to protect their savings, to escape the capital controls, to be able to trade globally with all the restrictions that they had.” ~ Sergio Demian Lerner, Chief Scientist at RootstockLabs, and cofounder of Rootstock sidechain. That's all this week, folks!Stay Creative, Stay Iconic. Another week, another Company of the Week newsletter! Every week, we feature an awesome tech brand from our tech company database, making its evergreen mark on the internet. This week, we are proud to present RootstockLabs - a key contributor to Rootstock, the first, biggest, and longest-lasting Bitcoin sidechain! RootstockLabs specializes in pioneering innovative solutions within the blockchain space, empowering developers with funding, technology, and marketing support to expand the frontiers of decentralized technology and make Bitcoin work for everyone. Rootstock is the first, biggest, and longest-lasting Bitcoin sidechain. It is the only Bitcoin layer 2 that combines the security of Bitcoin's proof-of-work, with Ethereum's smart contract capabilities. It's is open-source, EVM-compatible, and secured by over 60% of Bitcoin’s hashing power. And with integrations to SushiSwap, Symbiosis, Oku, Tropykus, Asami, and many more, Rootstock represents a gateway to a vibrant ecosystem of dApps that continues to evolve to become fully trustless. Rootstock Rootstock Rootstock Labs <> HackerNoon Tech Community RootstockLabs is currently sponsoring the Bitcoin Writing Contest on HackerNoon, with a whopping prize pool of $17,500 for the blockchain community! See the contest announcement here . here here Learn How You Can Run Your Writing Contest Learn How You Can Run Your Writing Contest Learn How You Can Run Your Writing Contest Meet Rootstock Labs: #FunFact Did you know that Sergio Demian Lerner, Chief Scientist at RootstockLabs, was the one to identify the “Patoshi Pattern”? Sergio started working with Bitcoin as a core developer at the Bitcoin Foundation, moved on to be a security auditor for Ethereum, and then, with a few Argentinian Bitcoiners in 2015, kickstarted a Bitcoin-focsed project, now known as Rootstock; the first, and longest-lasting Bitcoin sidechain. “In 2015, it was the time of the block size wars. There were a lot of problems upgrading Bitcoin. So we said: how can we build on top of Bitcoin? How can we create this open permissionless financial system on top of Bitcoin in a way that doesn't require a change to Bitcoin, [how can] we can show the world the power of layer 2s. And that’s where Rootstock came. And what I found was that the use case for Rootstock was mostly in Latin American for people that needed a way to protect their savings, to escape the capital controls, to be able to trade globally with all the restrictions that they had.” “In 2015, it was the time of the block size wars. There were a lot of problems upgrading Bitcoin. So we said: how can we build on top of Bitcoin? How can we create this open permissionless financial system on top of Bitcoin in a way that doesn't require a change to Bitcoin, [how can] we can show the world the power of layer 2s. And that’s where Rootstock came. And what I found was that the use case for Rootstock was mostly in Latin American for people that needed a way to protect their savings, to escape the capital controls, to be able to trade globally with all the restrictions that they had.” ~ Sergio Demian Lerner, Chief Scientist at RootstockLabs, and cofounder of Rootstock sidechain. That's all this week, folks! Stay Creative, Stay Iconic.

Meet Rootstock Labs: HackerNoon Company of the Week

রুটস্টক ল্যাবসের সাথে দেখা করুন: সপ্তাহের হ্যাকারনুন কোম্পানি

Lernen Sie Rootstock Labs kennen: HackerNoon-Unternehmen der Woche

Conozca a Rootstock Labs: la empresa de la semana de HackerNoon

Rencontrez Rootstock Labs : entreprise HackerNoon de la semaine

रूटस्टॉक लैब्स से मिलिए: हैकरनून कंपनी ऑफ द वीक

Rootstock Labs のご紹介: 今週の HackerNoon 企業

Rootstock Labs를 만나보세요: 금주의 HackerNoon 회사

Conheça o Rootstock Labs: Empresa HackerNoon da Semana

Встречайте Rootstock Labs: компания недели HackerNoon

Rootstock Labs ile Tanışın: Haftanın HackerNoon Şirketi

Gặp gỡ Rootstock Labs: Công ty HackerNoon của tuần

认识 Rootstock Labs：本周 HackerNoon 公司

Introducing Huey: A Celery Alternative for Django

Huey পরিচয় করিয়ে দেওয়া হচ্ছে: জ্যাঙ্গোর জন্য একটি সেলারি বিকল্প

Wir stellen vor: Huey: Eine Celery-Alternative für Django

Presentamos Huey: una alternativa de apio para Django

Présentation de Huey : une alternative au céleri pour Django

ह्यूई का परिचय: Django के लिए अजवाइन का विकल्प

Huey の紹介: Django の Celery 代替品

Huey 소개: Django를 위한 셀러리 대안

Apresentando Huey: uma alternativa de aipo para Django

Представляем Huey: альтернативу сельдерея для Django

Huey ile tanışın: Django için Kereviz Alternatifi

Giới thiệu Huey: Một lựa chọn thay thế cần tây cho Django

Huey 介绍：Django 的 Celery 替代品

Authors:
(1) Anees Baqir, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy;
(2) Alessandro Galeazzi, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy;
(3) Fabiana Zollo, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy and The New Institute Centre for Environmental Humanities, Italy. Table of Links Abstract and Intro
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and References
Supplementary Information 4. Conclusions In this study, we have delved into the evolving dynamics of news production and consumption within the European context. We examined the consumption of Twitter content produced by news outlets in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, providing a cross-country and cross-topic comparison of the online public discourse. We identified topics debated across all four countries and highlighted differences and similarities in consumption patterns. Additionally, we constructed networks based on the similarities among news outlets’ audiences, revealing the presence of groups of users engaging with sources of different reliability. Our findings indicated that reliable sources dominate the information landscape, but users consuming content mainly or exclusively from questionable news outlets were often present. However, the size and importance of such groups vary based on the topic and the country under consideration. Furthermore, our cross-country comparison has revealed variations in the structure of news sources’ similarity networks. While some countries exhibited a clearer separation between clusters of questionable sources and reliable sources, others showed a more heterogeneous situation with less detectable differences in cluster composition. However, the connectedness of the networks and users’ behavior analysis indicated the presence of a small fraction of users with a mixed news diet in all countries. Our results emphasized the differences and similarities in news consumption patterns across countries in relation to globally significant subjects. Understanding the dynamic of news consumption and its dependence on factors such as the topic or country can provide valuable insights into the development of effective countermeasures to mitigate the spread of misinformation and disinformation. Monitoring the information landscape at both national and European levels is indeed crucial to understanding the state of public discourse on contentious topics and developing tailored cohesive strategies to improve the health of information ecosystems. References European commission, the digital services act package. accessed on 23-10-2023. Bakshy, E., Hofman, J. M., Mason, W. A., and Watts, D. J. (2011). Identifying influencers on twitter. In Fourth ACM International Conference on Web Seach and Data Mining (WSDM), volume 2. Bakshy, E., Messing, S., and Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on facebook. Science, 348(6239):1130–1132. Bessi, A. and Ferrara, E. (2016). Social bots distort the 2016 us presidential election online discussion. First monday, 21(11-7). Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., and Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment, 2008(10):P10008. Bovet, A. and Makse, H. A. (2019). Influence of fake news in twitter during the 2016 us presidential election. Nature communications, 10(1):7. Broniatowski, D. A., Simons, J. R., Gu, J., Jamison, A. M., and Abroms, L. C. (2023). The efficacy of facebook’s vaccine misinformation policies and architecture during the covid-19 pandemic. Science Advances, 9(37):eadh2132. Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., and Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9):e2023301118. Cinelli, M., Quattrociocchi, W., Galeazzi, A., Valensise, C. M., Brugnoli, E., Schmidt, A. L., Zola, P., Zollo, F., and Scala, A. (2020). The covid-19 social media infodemic. Scientific reports, 10(1):1–10. Cota, W., Ferreira, S. C., Pastor-Satorras, R., and Starnini, M. (2019). Quantifying echo chamber effects in information spreading over political communication networks. EPJ Data Science, 8(1):35. Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., and Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The spreading of misinformation online. Proceedings of the national academy of Sciences, 113(3):554–559. Del Vicario, M., Zollo, F., Caldarelli, G., Scala, A., and Quattrociocchi, W. (2017). Mapping social dynamics on facebook: The brexit debate. Social Networks, 50:6–16. Falkenberg, M., Galeazzi, A., Torricelli, M., Di Marco, N., Larosa, F., Sas, M., Mekacher, A., Pearce, W., Zollo, F., Quattrociocchi, W., et al. (2022). Growing polarization around climate change on social media. Nature Climate Change, pages 1–8. Ferrara, E. (2017). Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 french presidential election. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00086. Ferrara, E., Cresci, S., and Luceri, L. (2020). Misinformation, manipulation, and abuse on social media in the era of covid-19. Journal of Computational Social Science, 3:271–277. Flamino, J., Galeazzi, A., Feldman, S., Macy, M. W., Cross, B., Zhou, Z., Serafino, M., Bovet, A., Makse, H. A., and Szymanski, B. K. (2023). Political polarization of news media and influencers on twitter in the 2016 and 2020 us presidential elections. Nature Human Behaviour, pages 1–13. Flaxman, S., Goel, S., and Rao, J. M. (2013). Ideological segregation and the effects of social media on news consumption. Available at SSRN, 2363701. Garimella, K., Smith, T., Weiss, R., and West, R. (2021). Political polarization in online news consumption. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, volume 15, pages 152–162. Gonz´alez-Bail´on, S., Lazer, D., Barber´a, P., Zhang, M., Allcott, H., Brown, T., Crespo-Tenorio, A., Freelon, D., Gentzkow, M., Guess, A. M., et al. (2023). Asymmetric ideological segregation in exposure to political news on facebook. Science, 381(6656):392–398. Grinberg, N., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Swire-Thompson, B., and Lazer, D. (2019). Fake news on twitter during the 2016 us presidential election. Science, 363(6425):374–378. Grootendorst, M. (2022). Bertopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based tf-idf procedure. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.05794. Karimi, F. and Oliveira, M. (2022). On the inadequacy of nominal assortativity for assessing homophily in networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.10245. Lazer, D. M., Baum, M. A., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F., Metzger, M. J., Nyhan, B., Pennycook, G., Rothschild, D., et al. (2018). The science of fake news. Science, 359(6380):1094–1096. McInnes, L., Healy, J., and Astels, S. (2017). hdbscan: Hierarchical density based clustering. J. Open Source Softw., 2(11):205. McInnes, L., Healy, J., and Melville, J. (2018). Umap: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.03426. Nyhan, B., Settle, J., Thorson, E., Wojcieszak, M., Barber´a, P., Chen, A. Y., Allcott, H., Brown, T., Crespo-Tenorio, A., Dimmery, D., et al. (2023). Like-minded sources on facebook are prevalent but not polarizing. Nature, 620(7972):137–144. Ruths, D. (2019). The misinformation machine. Science, 363(6425):348–348. Sammut, C. and Webb, G. I. (2011). Encyclopedia of machine learning. Springer Science & Business Media. Santoro, A., Galeazzi, A., Scantamburlo, T., Baronchelli, A., Quattrociocchi, W., and Zollo, F. (2023). Analyzing the changing landscape of the covid-19 vaccine debate on twitter. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 13(1):115. Schmidt, A. L., Zollo, F., Scala, A., Betsch, C., and Quattrociocchi, W. (2018). Polarization of the vaccination debate on facebook. Vaccine, 36(25):3606–3612. Stella, M., Ferrara, E., and De Domenico, M. (2018). Bots increase exposure to negative and inflammatory content in online social systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(49):12435–12440. Zannettou, S., Bradlyn, B., De Cristofaro, E., Kwak, H., Sirivianos, M., Stringini, G., and Blackburn, J. (2018). What is gab: A bastion of free speech or an alt-right echo chamber. In Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018, pages 1007–1014. Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., De Cristofaro, E., Sirivianos, M., Stringhini, G., and Blackburn, J. (2019). Disinformation warfare: Understanding state-sponsored trolls on twitter and their influence on the web. In Companion proceedings of the 2019 world wide web conference, pages 218–226. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Anees Baqir, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy; (2) Alessandro Galeazzi, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy; (3) Fabiana Zollo, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy and The New Institute Centre for Environmental Humanities, Italy. Authors: Authors: (1) Anees Baqir, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy; (2) Alessandro Galeazzi, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy; (3) Fabiana Zollo, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy and The New Institute Centre for Environmental Humanities, Italy. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions and References Supplementary Information Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Materials and Methods Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Results and Discussion Conclusions and References Conclusions and References Supplementary Information Supplementary Information 4. Conclusions In this study, we have delved into the evolving dynamics of news production and consumption within the European context. We examined the consumption of Twitter content produced by news outlets in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, providing a cross-country and cross-topic comparison of the online public discourse. We identified topics debated across all four countries and highlighted differences and similarities in consumption patterns. Additionally, we constructed networks based on the similarities among news outlets’ audiences, revealing the presence of groups of users engaging with sources of different reliability. Our findings indicated that reliable sources dominate the information landscape, but users consuming content mainly or exclusively from questionable news outlets were often present. However, the size and importance of such groups vary based on the topic and the country under consideration. Furthermore, our cross-country comparison has revealed variations in the structure of news sources’ similarity networks. While some countries exhibited a clearer separation between clusters of questionable sources and reliable sources, others showed a more heterogeneous situation with less detectable differences in cluster composition. However, the connectedness of the networks and users’ behavior analysis indicated the presence of a small fraction of users with a mixed news diet in all countries. Our results emphasized the differences and similarities in news consumption patterns across countries in relation to globally significant subjects. Understanding the dynamic of news consumption and its dependence on factors such as the topic or country can provide valuable insights into the development of effective countermeasures to mitigate the spread of misinformation and disinformation. Monitoring the information landscape at both national and European levels is indeed crucial to understanding the state of public discourse on contentious topics and developing tailored cohesive strategies to improve the health of information ecosystems. References European commission, the digital services act package. accessed on 23-10-2023. Bakshy, E., Hofman, J. M., Mason, W. A., and Watts, D. J. (2011). Identifying influencers on twitter. In Fourth ACM International Conference on Web Seach and Data Mining (WSDM), volume 2. Bakshy, E., Messing, S., and Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on facebook. Science, 348(6239):1130–1132. Bessi, A. and Ferrara, E. (2016). Social bots distort the 2016 us presidential election online discussion. First monday, 21(11-7). Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., and Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of statistical mechanics: theory and experiment, 2008(10):P10008. Bovet, A. and Makse, H. A. (2019). Influence of fake news in twitter during the 2016 us presidential election. Nature communications, 10(1):7. Broniatowski, D. A., Simons, J. R., Gu, J., Jamison, A. M., and Abroms, L. C. (2023). The efficacy of facebook’s vaccine misinformation policies and architecture during the covid-19 pandemic. Science Advances, 9(37):eadh2132. Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., and Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(9):e2023301118. Cinelli, M., Quattrociocchi, W., Galeazzi, A., Valensise, C. M., Brugnoli, E., Schmidt, A. L., Zola, P., Zollo, F., and Scala, A. (2020). The covid-19 social media infodemic. Scientific reports, 10(1):1–10. Cota, W., Ferreira, S. C., Pastor-Satorras, R., and Starnini, M. (2019). Quantifying echo chamber effects in information spreading over political communication networks. EPJ Data Science, 8(1):35. Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., and Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The spreading of misinformation online. Proceedings of the national academy of Sciences, 113(3):554–559. Del Vicario, M., Zollo, F., Caldarelli, G., Scala, A., and Quattrociocchi, W. (2017). Mapping social dynamics on facebook: The brexit debate. Social Networks, 50:6–16. Falkenberg, M., Galeazzi, A., Torricelli, M., Di Marco, N., Larosa, F., Sas, M., Mekacher, A., Pearce, W., Zollo, F., Quattrociocchi, W., et al. (2022). Growing polarization around climate change on social media. Nature Climate Change, pages 1–8. Ferrara, E. (2017). Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 french presidential election. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00086. Ferrara, E., Cresci, S., and Luceri, L. (2020). Misinformation, manipulation, and abuse on social media in the era of covid-19. Journal of Computational Social Science, 3:271–277. Flamino, J., Galeazzi, A., Feldman, S., Macy, M. W., Cross, B., Zhou, Z., Serafino, M., Bovet, A., Makse, H. A., and Szymanski, B. K. (2023). Political polarization of news media and influencers on twitter in the 2016 and 2020 us presidential elections. Nature Human Behaviour, pages 1–13. Flaxman, S., Goel, S., and Rao, J. M. (2013). Ideological segregation and the effects of social media on news consumption. Available at SSRN, 2363701. Garimella, K., Smith, T., Weiss, R., and West, R. (2021). Political polarization in online news consumption. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, volume 15, pages 152–162. Gonz´alez-Bail´on, S., Lazer, D., Barber´a, P., Zhang, M., Allcott, H., Brown, T., Crespo-Tenorio, A., Freelon, D., Gentzkow, M., Guess, A. M., et al. (2023). Asymmetric ideological segregation in exposure to political news on facebook. Science, 381(6656):392–398. Grinberg, N., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Swire-Thompson, B., and Lazer, D. (2019). Fake news on twitter during the 2016 us presidential election. Science, 363(6425):374–378. Grootendorst, M. (2022). Bertopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based tf-idf procedure. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.05794. Karimi, F. and Oliveira, M. (2022). On the inadequacy of nominal assortativity for assessing homophily in networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.10245. Lazer, D. M., Baum, M. A., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F., Metzger, M. J., Nyhan, B., Pennycook, G., Rothschild, D., et al. (2018). The science of fake news. Science, 359(6380):1094–1096. McInnes, L., Healy, J., and Astels, S. (2017). hdbscan: Hierarchical density based clustering. J. Open Source Softw., 2(11):205. McInnes, L., Healy, J., and Melville, J. (2018). Umap: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.03426. Nyhan, B., Settle, J., Thorson, E., Wojcieszak, M., Barber´a, P., Chen, A. Y., Allcott, H., Brown, T., Crespo-Tenorio, A., Dimmery, D., et al. (2023). Like-minded sources on facebook are prevalent but not polarizing. Nature, 620(7972):137–144. Ruths, D. (2019). The misinformation machine. Science, 363(6425):348–348. Sammut, C. and Webb, G. I. (2011). Encyclopedia of machine learning. Springer Science & Business Media. Santoro, A., Galeazzi, A., Scantamburlo, T., Baronchelli, A., Quattrociocchi, W., and Zollo, F. (2023). Analyzing the changing landscape of the covid-19 vaccine debate on twitter. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 13(1):115. Schmidt, A. L., Zollo, F., Scala, A., Betsch, C., and Quattrociocchi, W. (2018). Polarization of the vaccination debate on facebook. Vaccine, 36(25):3606–3612. Stella, M., Ferrara, E., and De Domenico, M. (2018). Bots increase exposure to negative and inflammatory content in online social systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(49):12435–12440. Zannettou, S., Bradlyn, B., De Cristofaro, E., Kwak, H., Sirivianos, M., Stringini, G., and Blackburn, J. (2018). What is gab: A bastion of free speech or an alt-right echo chamber. In Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018, pages 1007–1014. Zannettou, S., Caulfield, T., De Cristofaro, E., Sirivianos, M., Stringhini, G., and Blackburn, J. (2019). Disinformation warfare: Understanding state-sponsored trolls on twitter and their influence on the web. In Companion proceedings of the 2019 world wide web conference, pages 218–226. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

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