US-based packaged food giant <strong>Kellogg</strong>’s spinoff, India’s biggest tobacco retailer ITC and nutrition platform Healthkart are among a string of suitors in a race to ......

Kellogg's spinoff, others in fray to pick up majority stake in local health snacks player

Kellogg Company, together with its subsidiaries, manufactures and markets ready-to-eat cereal and convenience foods. The company operates through four segments: North America, Europe, Latin America, and Asia Middle East Africa. Its principal products include crackers, crisps, savory snacks, toaster pastries, cereal bars, granola bars and bites, ready-to-eat cereals, frozen waffles, veggie foods, and noodles. The company offers its products under the Kellogg's, Cheez-It, Pringles, Austin, Parati, RXBAR, Kashi, Bear Naked, Eggo, Morningstar Farms, Choco Krispies, Crunchy Nut, Nutri-Grain, Special K, Squares, Zucaritas, Sucrilhos, Pop-Tarts, K-Time, Split Stix, Be Natural, LCMs, Coco Pops, Rice Krispies Squares, Kashi Go, Vector, and Gardenburger brand names. It sells its products to retailers through direct sales forces, as well as brokers and distributors. Kellogg Company was founded in 1906 and is headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan.

Kellogg

This paper is available on under CC 4.0 license. Arxiv Authors: (1) Md Masud Rana, Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky; (2) Duc Duy Nguyen, Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky & ducnguyen@uky.edu. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Datasets and Results Methods Conclusion, Data and Software Availability, Competing interests, Acknowledgments & References 4 Conclusion The study of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and the prediction of mutation-induced binding free energy changes are of great importance in understanding the molecular basis of biological processes. The application of geometric graph theory and atom-level graph coloring techniques provides a powerful framework for analyzing biomolecules and capturing their intricate relationships. By utilizing the concept of geometric subgraphs and constructing multi-scale weighted colored geometric subgraphs (MWCGS), we can effectively represent the structural and functional properties of PPIs. The site-specific MWCGS features allow us to extract meaningful patterns and characteristics, shedding light on the effects of mutations and the underlying molecular interactions. In this work, we developed a mutation-induced binding free energy change predictor, called GGL-PPI, by incorporating site-specific MWCGS features for PPIs and gradient-boosting trees. Our method demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods. The model was validated on three datasets: AB-Bind S645, SKEMPI 1.0 S1131, and SKEMPI 2.0 S4169 and S8338, showcasing its robustness and effectiveness. Furthermore, GGL-PPI was evaluated on a blind test set, the Ssym dataset. To prevent data leakage between the test and training sets, the model was trained on a homology-reduced balanced training set Q3488. This approach ensures the reliability and fairness of the evaluation process. GGL-PPI exhibits the most unbiased and superior performance in predicting binding free energy changes for both direct and reverse mutations, outperforming other existing methods, particularly for reverse mutations. Overall, the results highlight the potential of the GGL-PPI approach in accurately predicting mutation-induced binding free energy changes in protein-protein interactions, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying protein-protein interactions and facilitating drug design and discovery efforts. 5 Data and Software Availability The source code is available at Github: https://github.com/NguyenLabUKY/GGL-Mutation. 6 Competing interests No competing interest is declared. 7 Acknowledgments This work is supported in part by funds from the National Science Foundation (NSF: # 2053284, # 2151802, and # 2245903), and the University of Kentucky Startup Fund. References [1] Dana Chuderland and Rony Seger. 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PPIs and the Prediction of Mutation-Induced Binding Free Energy Changes: What It All Means

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Jeffrey Ouyang-Zhang, UT Austin (2) Daniel J. Diaz, UT Austin (3) Adam R. Klivans, UT Austin (4) Philipp Krähenbühl, UT Austin Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Related Works Preliminary Methodology Results Limitations Conclusion, Acknowledgements, & References Experimental Setting & Additional Results 7 Conclusion We present a method that efficiently scales thermodynamic stability prediction from single mutations to higher-order mutations. Our key insight is that the effects of mutations on the same protein are correlated. Thus, for a target protein, it suffices to run a deep backbone once and decode the effect of all mutations simultaneously using a shallow decoder. With the AlphaFold model as our backbone, our method outperforms existing methods on a variety of single and multiple mutation benchmarks. 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Predicting a Protein’s Stability
under a Million Mutations: Conclusion, Acknowledgement & References

The company's journey to IPO is impressive, but the long-term upside hinges on the success of its long-term bets like ads and the enterprise platform. Last week, Instacart filed an S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in preparation for their IPO. This is an incredible moment for the company that pioneered the online grocery delivery market. Huge congratulations to the team on this milestone — it’s an impressive outcome from an 11-year journey. This, along with the Klavio and ARM IPOs, has created fresh hope that the tech IPO market is en route to recovery. Interestingly, when a company announces it intends to go public, the law requires it to open up a firehose of information. One such document is . From analyzing this document, a couple of things stand out: Instacart’s 300+ page S-1 filing In 2022, the US grocery market was $1.1 trillion, of which ~$132B is online; of this, ~$29B ran through Instacart. In other words, , pointing to a market saturation risk. Instacart already has 22% of the current total addressable market (TAM) for online grocery The company lists out a long list of potential risks (which is required and therefore expected on an S-1), and — intense competition, heavy reliance on medium-size retailers who might be consolidating/getting bigger, profitability risks to name a few, etc. many of these risks seem non-trivial While Instacart has navigated rough valuation corrections and managed to have a profitable 2022, the company still has several challenges ahead as it starts operating as a public company. In this article, we’ll talk about the company is making to set itself up for success. where the US grocery market is, Instacart’s market saturation problem, and the long (but uncertain) bets US Grocery Market and Instacart’s Market Saturation Problem To understand Instacart’s market saturation problem, let’s start with understanding the US grocery market from a couple of different lenses. One lens is looking at the overall market and what percent of it is/will be online. The total US grocery market as of 2022 is $1.1 trillion. Of this, ). ~12% is online (i.e., ~$132B Of the $132B online grocery market, Instacart ran worth of transactions in 2022, i.e., . $29B they already have ~22% of the online grocery market Also note that the total US grocery is expected to grow modestly at , which is not surprising for a mature market. While the % of this market that moves online changes meaningfully, it is estimated to cap out at ~21–24% in the next 5–10 years. ~2.3% annually As an example, per Instacart’s own reporting (chart below), in 2027, the online grocery market will be $1.3B * 21% online = ~$273B (about double what it is today). Another lens to look at the market is share by retailer. About half of the market is owned by (Walmart, Costco, Kroger, Sam’s Club), about one-fourth by (Publix, Target, Albertsons/Safeway, H-E-B, Whole Foods), and the remaining one-fourth by small local stores (convenience stores, local grocery stores, specialty grocery stores, etc.). large retailers medium retailers In other words, large retailers hold a lot of sway, followed by medium retailers. Put these two lenses together, and you start seeing the key challenges Instacart is facing. First, the overall grocery market is not growing by that much, and Instacart is facing intense competition. While Instacart wants to and not redistribute existing value, this is much harder to do in a mature market like US grocery. “grow the pie” For Instacart to succeed, the company needs to of the highly competitive online grocery market . preserve/expand its share AND increase the percentage of grocery delivery that happens online Second, Instacart needs to make itself . Large retailers (half of the grocery market) have either already invested or are starting to invest in their own technology offerings. valuable enough that large and medium retailers stick around Grocery is also a high volume, low margin business, which has resulted in more consolidation lately ( ). Kroger and Albertsons/Safeway announced they are merging As more of the medium retailers beef up to become larger, Instacart runs the risk of losing them if they choose to in-house their technology and logistics investments. For Instacart to be successful long-term, it’s critical for them to solve these two big challenges, and the company is making long-term bets in that direction. Instacart’s Long (but Uncertain) Game It’s clear from the S-1 that Instacart understands these challenges and is willing to make long-term investments. We’ll look at a few of these investments, and what the outlook looks like for each. Building Customer Loyalty to Defend Its Market Customers often don’t have loyalty toward delivery platforms and tend to switch freely to the cheapest option. While Instacart has built features that make the user experience more delightful (e.g., showing you items you have ordered before), competitors have followed suit. Instacart acknowledges : this risk As the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its variants subside, including the cessation of government stimulus, it is increasingly important to our business and its ability to grow for consumers to perceive long-term value from Instacart versus in-store shopping or less costly alternatives, particularly for lower income consumers. They are making investments to build loyalty — both through cheaper prices derived from operational efficiencies, and an . unlimited free delivery subscription Instacart+ Though Instacart+ has an impressive 5M members and accounts for , several competitors have equivalent products that do not require explicit payments. ~57% of transaction volume For example, DoorDash’s DashPass is offered for free with , and bundles free grocery delivery along with free eCommerce shipping. some Chase credit cards Walmart+ Instacart also has a similar deal today, pointing to a likely future where several subscriptions are provided to consumers for free, thereby eroding Instacart’s advantage from Instacart+. with Chase credit cards Take it with a grain of salt since it’s one person’s experience, but the last time I ordered groceries online, I compared prices on DoorDash and Instacart (because both are more expensive than in-store). I had free subscriptions for both through credit cards. The final amount turned out to be about the same, and I ended up ordering with DoorDash — because I use the app more often for ordering from restaurants. This points to another disadvantage Instacart has over more high-frequency/ubiquitous competitors. Overall, I still think Instacart will continue to be a significant player and at least defend the % of the online grocery market they own, but I’m not bullish that this % will increase. Scaling Up Advertising for New Revenue + Subsidizing Delivery Instacart ads generated $740M in 2022 revenue. Besides creating a new revenue stream (which Instacart definitely needs given its market saturation), this descriptive chart from Instacart’s S-1 perfectly captures why advertising matters for the company: For every transaction, Instacart collects fees from retailers and from consumers. It then pays out shoppers who pick up/deliver groceries; in this part of the funnel, from a $110 transaction, Instacart gets to keep $7. There is further “cost of revenue” including but not limited to technology/infrastructure, employee salaries, etc.; of the $7, Instacart gets to keep $4 “gross profit”, i.e., a low 4% profit margin. Now, add advertising to this. What Instacart keeps goes up to $7 “gross profit”, i.e., . In other words, it increases the company’s bottom line by 50%. advertising turns Instacart from a 4% to a 6% margin business This is a very similar strategy to how . Uber successfully used ads to subsidize their low-margin delivery & rides business While the ads revenue number is impressive, what makes this product strategically valuable is what ads in the context of Instacart can drive for advertisers. Let’s look at Uber briefly, and then come back to Instacart. In the Uber analysis, I wrote about the UberEats and Uber Rides app inventory — UberEats is high intent and in context (e.g., you are searching for restaurants and you see a restaurant ad) vs. Uber Rides which is more display ads-y (e.g., you ordered a ride, there’s a free canvas there, and Uber shows you an ad for something that could be relevant to you but not contextual). differences between Between the two, I was significantly more bullish on UberEats because the value proposition to an advertiser is clear — spend ads money with Uber and directly measure the transactions it drives (the link is much less defensible for Uber Rides app ads). For the same reason, I’m very bullish about Instacart ads. Specifically, Instacart is building their ads product for — classic examples of CPG advertisers are Procter and Gamble (makes Tide pods), Coca-Cola, Kellogg’s, AbInBev (makes Bud Light) to name a few. consumer packaged goods (CPG) advertisers Though CPG advertisers have some of the most sophisticated marketers in the industry, they have often struggled with measuring the direct effectiveness of their ads. For example, if you are Procter & Gamble and you want to increase sales of Tide pods, you don’t go run ads on Google, Facebook, or display. Because users don’t buy directly from Procter & Gamble, they buy from distributors/retailers like Walmart and Target. Therefore, CPG advertisers typically have to use more traditional marketing methods, like paying Walmart to show their products prominently in aisles. Another version of this is where a CPG brand spends ad dollars on behalf of some distributors, e.g., AbInBev spends ad dollars promoting Bud Light sales in a few specific bars. co-op advertising dollars While several top retailers have built sophisticated ad products for CPG advertisers (a new category of ad platforms called ), — if you are a CPG brand and you don’t sell directly to consumers, you need to rely on some sort of “estimated” measurement of how effectively your ads dollars are driving sales. retail media networks the two-hop problem still exists Their ad product , e.g., Procter & Gamble can specifically promote Tide pods when you are in the process of ordering from a Safeway near you. Instacart breaks that huge limitation. lets CPG advertisers promote specific items at specific retailers in a highly contextual format And more importantly, since the actual transaction happens within the Instacart app, Instacart can deterministically (without any “estimations”) say how much product sales were driven by ad spend. Irrespective of how mature or effective the Instacart ad product is today, the that very few other products have. ability to provide direct response advertising to CPG advertisers and measure sales outcomes with high confidence is a big moat There are a couple of advertising-related risks though. Instacart’s order numbers are flat year over year, and if this were to decline, that would hurt their ability to scale the ads products (sub-scale advertising products have a difficult time succeeding — e.g., Twitter). Also, with Instacart’s ad product, the company risks pissing off retailers who are essentially building their own ad products. Advertising often tends to be a zero-sum game, and if Procter and Gamble is spending directly with Instacart, that’s money not being spent on Safeway’s retail media network. Instacart could make the argument that it “grows the pie” for everyone, but I’m not confident this would land with retailers. My guess is that it will land in a place where Instacart agrees to some revenue share model with retailers. Overall, I’m bullish that the ads business will continue to thrive as long as it can keep up order volume. Instacart Enterprise Platform At the beginning of the S-1, Instacart CEO Fidji Simo articulates Instacart’s vision: Our vision is to build the technology that powers every single grocery transaction — working with the retailers that consumers know and love to invent the future of grocery together. And right now, that’s more important than ever. Note the language there — Instacart does not say that they want to be the primary platform for every grocery transaction. They say they want to build the technology that powers it. I have no criticism of the framing, and I think that’s a smart strategy, but I do think that the framing is a direct consequence of the market saturation problem Instacart is facing. Instacart knows that more online grocery orders cannot be their only future (or at least that there’s a ceiling on the addressable market with that approach). A few excerpts from the S-1 support this and also shine a light on how Instacart is thinking about going beyond online grocery: We (Instacart) believe the future of grocery won’t be about choosing between shopping online and in-store. Most of us are going to do both. So we want to create a truly omni-channel experience that brings the best of the online shopping experience to physical stores, and vice versa. With the business of grocery changing so quickly, many retailers need a trusted partner to help them navigate this digital transformation so that they can drive success both online and in-store. If the neighborhood grocer who has been serving their community for decades can’t find an edge, they may not be able to keep up. They are looking to address this opportunity with the — it’s essentially a Shopify-esqe offering but specifically for brick-and-mortar retailers, and supports a range of functionality across retailers’ life cycles. Some notable functionality includes: Instacart enterprise platform eCommerce: They provide white-label online storefronts for 550 brands (see screenshot of Sprouts’ storefront powered by Instacart). Fulfillment: actual delivery of orders; typically picked, packed, and delivered by Instacart shoppers, but retailers can also choose to pick and pack themselves. Ads: Power on retailers’ eCommerce storefronts sponsored products and display ads With this investment, Instacart is and , and with them long term (and not consider in-housing all of their online business). betting that they can use their existing position as retailers’ delivery partners expand that to be more strategic technology partners consequently get retailers to stick around It is a smart bet, but I think is nowhere close to a slam dunk (at least so far). Large retailers (Walmart, Kroger, etc.) control ~50% of the grocery market, and I’m skeptical that they would want to rely on Instacart’s enterprise platform as their storefront. Large companies like to minimize external dependencies because these tend to slow down product development heavily in the long term. Additionally, if I were running online grocery at Kroger, I would not want a distribution partner to also be my technology provider — because sooner or later, the partner is going to have a conflict of interest, and that won’t be a fun conversation to have. Even if I had no technical competency in-house, I would much rather hire from a long list of system integrators, or contract the work to an IT company (like Infosys, Wipro) to build an in-house system. Outsourcing tech for online grocery is likely more palatable for medium-sized retailers who are okay with strategic risk, but there have been indications that consolidation is coming (e.g., Kroger Albertsons merger), and it’s uncertain how many medium-sized retailed will continue to exist in the long term. Not to say this bet won’t be successful — just that these are non-trivial challenges that Instacart needs to address to actually make the transition to being a dual distribution + technology partner for medium and large retailers. Conclusion I think Instacart’s journey so far is nothing short of impressive, and they have clearly created a market that’s here to stay. Despite all the non-trivial challenges, I am bullish that Instacart will come out of this successful. Their ads business that caters to CPG advertisers’ direct response needs is a strong moat that can subsidize the delivery business. This, along with other operational improvements they are making, can improve their profitability and therefore at least maintain their market share of the online market (I’m skeptical about it expanding). The key uncertainty to me is if they can make the transition to a dual distribution + technology partner role for retailers, and that might meaningfully change the trajectory of what Instacart’s long-term valuation ends up being. 🚀 If you liked this piece, consider subscribing to Every week, I publish one in the form of a 10-minute read. . my weekly newsletter deep-dive analysis on a current tech topic/product strategy Best, Viggy. Also published more

Instacart IPO: Will It Win The Race Against Market Saturation?

ইন্সটাকার্ট আইপিও: এটা কি বাজার স্যাচুরেশনের বিরুদ্ধে রেস জিতবে?

Börsengang von Instacart: Wird es den Wettlauf gegen die Marktsättigung gewinnen?

IPO de Instacart: ¿Ganará la carrera contra la saturación del mercado?

Introduction en bourse d'Instacart : gagnera-t-il la course contre la saturation du marché ?

इंस्टाकार्ट आईपीओ: क्या यह बाजार संतृप्ति के खिलाफ दौड़ जीतेगा?

Instacart IPO: 市場飽和との競争に勝つことができるか?

Instacart IPO: 시장 포화에 맞서는 경쟁에서 승리할 수 있을까요?

IPO da Instacart: ela vencerá a corrida contra a saturação do mercado?

IPO Instacart: выиграет ли компания в борьбе с насыщением рынка?

Instacart Halka Arz: Piyasa Doygunluğuna Karşı Yarışı Kazanacak mı?

IPO Instacart: Liệu nó có giành chiến thắng trong cuộc đua chống bão hòa thị trường?

Instacart IPO：它会赢得对抗市场饱和的竞赛吗？

Once upon a time in a world rapidly transforming through technological advancements, a powerful force known as artificial intelligence emerged, reshaping the future of people's careers. While some feared the dawn of AI as a threat to their livelihoods, others embraced it as an opportunity to innovate and adapt. Among these game-changers was a tool called , which played a significant role in this unfolding tale. ChatGPT As the AI revolution continued to gain momentum, the future of work became a critical concern for all. But, as history has shown, with , and those who dared to embrace the changes and prepare for the future found their place in this new world. every challenge comes opportunity Without further ado, let's jump right in! How AI Will Potentially Impact the Future of People’s Careers The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the job market and the future of work is no longer a topic only for futurists. It has become a reality that is transforming the way of our daily work. OpenAI’s ChatGPT, has gained widespread attention, and its capabilities have sparked interest in the impact of AI on jobs and careers. We are only days away from the first month anniversary of GPT-4, but the exponential growth is mind-blowing. ChatGPT is just one example of the many AI tools that have the potential to automate tasks previously performed by humans, resulting in job displacement and the need for reskilling and upskilling. The introduction of is increasing workforce concerns every day. Auto-GPTs and AI Agents As AI language models like ChatGPT are trained on massive amounts of data and can provide quick and accurate responses to complex questions, it is crucial to stay informed about the and learn to this new reality. If you explore how AI, and ML is transforming the world of work, you can gain a better understanding of what it means for you and how you can prepare for the future. changing job market how to adapt AGI, ANI So, let’s see what we should expect from the future and more importantly, how to prepare for it. We've covered the predictions of several leading AI professors for the future, and their insights were truly enlightening. “Our analysis indicates that approximately 19% of jobs have at least 50% of their tasks exposed to Large Language Models (LLM) when considering both current model capabilities and anticipated LLM-powered software. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that these technologies can have pervasive impacts across a wide swath of occupations in the U.S.” GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models | March 27, 2023 | Tyna Eloundou1, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin, and Daniel Rock | OpenAI, OpenResearch, University of Pennsylvania The Double-edged Sword: AI's Impact on Jobs Experts like , professor emeritus of information systems at Singapore Management University, argue that AI will replace some jobs, particularly those that are . Steven Miller highly repetitive or based on specific instructions On the other hand, , a professor of finance at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, emphasizes that jobs with a strong . Dimitris Papanikloaou human element, like therapy, are less likely to be replaced by AI Source: IOTforALL Historically, technological advancements have been a double-edged sword, eliminating some jobs while . Miller highlights that throughout history, each wave of innovation has created more jobs than it has destroyed. simultaneously creating new ones AI in the Workplace: Enhancing Human Efforts Imagine a world where AI works alongside humans, enhancing their efforts and supporting them in their tasks. This is the vision of experts like , consulting leader at KPMG U.S., who explains that businesses are increasingly using AI to . Steve Chase enhance efficiency and support employees Jim O'Shaughnessy, Executive Chair of the board of directors at , has recently stated at the Twitter Space AMA that "banning ChatGPT is suicide for Italy" due to the power of Artificial Intelligence to drive progress and innovation. Stability AI Based on his statements about Italy, it is also accurate to say that banning ChatGPT from any business would be a crucial mistake. The Dawn of a New Era: Industries and Jobs Most Impacted by AI The Forbes Technology Council predicts that within the next five to 10 years, including: several industries may experience total automation Software Development Procurement Content Writing Cybersecurity Finance Customer Support Transportation and more… But it's not all doom and gloom. AI is expected to create new jobs in AI development, training, monitoring, and maintenance. , former CEO of AI startup , and , CEO of , both share this optimistic view, comparing the impact of AI on jobs to the Industrial Revolution. Sean Chou Catalytic Chris Nicholson Skymind.AI Adapting to the AI Revolution: A Blueprint for Success To stay ahead in the rapidly evolving world of AI, employees should: Understand the impact of AI on their industry, Seek training programs to upskill and reskill in areas relevant to their career paths, Cultivate a strong understanding of statistical concepts, , as these skills are invaluable in the age of AI, calculus, and algebraic linear regression Stay updated on AI advancements and their potential applications. ChatGPT's Vision for the Future of Careers ChatGPT envisions a future where AI plays a crucial role in shaping the workforce, opening new doors and opportunities for those who adapt to the changes. As the world continues to embrace AI, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and continuously develop their skills to stay relevant in the job market. To achieve this vision, it is important to: Encourage collaboration between humans and AI, focusing on the strengths of each Develop policies and ethical frameworks to govern AI usage in the workplace Foster a culture of learning and adaptation, so individuals can stay competitive in an AI-driven world In summary, the future of careers will be heavily influenced by AGI, but embracing these changes will lead to new opportunities, growth, and a more efficient, collaborative work environment. By staying informed and adaptable, individuals can ensure they thrive in this rapidly evolving landscape. Before wrapping up, let me share ChatGPT-4's vision on this topic. Well, individuals can choose to either embrace the growth and actively contribute to building a better future, or remain stagnant and miss out on potential opportunities for success. Also published here.

How AI Will Impact the Future of Career

As the world accelerated the development of products by standardizing various offerings, companies were able to save costs. However, standardization often comes with a downside. The user experience is compromised since it is not personalized enough for each user. Personalization of content is now widespread with social media and streaming products driving this change. Although technology sector has made progress in this direction specially with AI, there is significant room for improvement. Product managers and leaders can thankfully rely on product experts like Harish Srigiriraju, who are pushing personalization of digital products by leveraging new analytical models. Harish obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and a Master’s degree in Business Administration – Kellogg School of Management (Northwestern University). Harish is a very well-rounded education and professional experience in product management. He has built several large scale mobile and web applications that have served millions of users. Through his expertise in product management, he has not only transformed products but also created a positive social impact. Harish spent the early years of his career developing products for leading technology giants. He then worked at the intersection of technology and social impact where he was able to develop products that helped foundations, investors, philanthropists to make investments in high impact social organizations and startups. He currently leverages his experience in product development and business administration to create roadmap and strategies for various products at one of the world’s leading telecom companies. He collaborates closely with design, data analytics and engineering teams to make product improvements. Harish often questioned why millions of users were given the same experience even though the features that users care about are different. This is when Harish started developing innovative models for personalization. Harish noticed that the ratings on app stores were not very helpful to understand the user and therefore, Harish started using In-App ratings to take user feedback. He was then able to use this feedback to uncover insights on user needs. He took it a step further when he developed a model to personalize the home screen by taking in-app ratings and feature ratings into account. Harish has been actively promoting this innovation in the product and analytics community. He has showcased this work at numerous events and has created an impact beyond his organization on the entire industry. Another remarkable innovation is Harish using Network Analysis to develop a pattern in navigation inside the application. He created a visual representation of navigation from users to identify which features were under-utilized and hard to discover. He then developed another model to use feature ratings to change the navigation in the app to promote the highly rated features. Using dynamic design components to alter the home screen and navigation is a noteworthy way to personalize the experience beyond just the content. Harish explains that his models can be used for both mobile and web applications. He emphasizes that product managers need to focus on identifying satisfied users through user feedback and create opportunities to increase revenue from them. On the flip side, product managers have to predict users who are likely to churn and offer incentives or promote features to retain them. He recommends the product teams to start with simple rule-based approach and then evolve to using AI for personalization.

Product Expert Harish Srigiriraju Highlights Importance of Personalization in Digital Applications

🦧 Yuga Labs acquires WENEW WENEW, which was co-founded by the famous artist “Beeple”, has collaborated with a number of brands including Gucci, Playboy, and Wimbledon. . More 👟 Nike launches new web3 platform .Swoosh Swoosh is the home of Nike’s web3 efforts. In collaboration with Polygon, the platform allows Nike’s community to ‘co-create the future of Nike’, access virtual events, purchase Nike’s digital wearables, and unlock real-world benefits such as physical apparel and access to pro athletes. Nike plans for its creations to be interoperable among metaverses and blockchain games. More. 🧢 Adidas’s World Cup teaser features a Bored Ape Adidas’s Indigo Herz Bored Ape NFT, which the brand purchased last September, featured in the advert alongside Messi, Benzema, and Stormzy. . More 💆‍♀️ Dove Pakistan launches NFTs in the campaign to help damaged hair As part of the campaign, 10 winners will be chosen to win NFTs that grant their owners real-world benefits including a year’s supply of Dove shampoo. . More 🍏 Job posting suggests Apple plans to build its own metaverse The job post suggests that the technology giant is looking for engineers who can develop a 3D mixed-reality world for its coming headset. . More 🚘 Skoda enters the metaverse In the Skodaverse, users can drive the newest ENYAQ Coupé RS iV model, create custom avatars, & interact with Skoda’s NFT collections. . More 👑 Harry and Megan Markle to launch metaverse experience The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have partnered with the metaverse platform, pax.world, for the launch. . More ⚽️ Manchester United to gift first ever official NFTs to fans In partnership with their official sponsor, Tezos, Manchester United plan to give fans free NFTs to kick-start their move into web3. . More 🏈 Rarity league has released a set of officially licensed NFL helmet NFTs The collection will have utility on NFL Rivals, an arcade-style game where collectors can gain access to special events, in-game rewards, and more. . More 💄L’Oreal & Maybelline partners with Ready Player Me The partnerships with the leading interoperable metaverse avatar platform enable brand-customized hair and makeup styles for avatar characters. . More 🟡 Cristiano Ronaldo launches NFT collection in collaboration with Binance The CR7 NFT collection will be Ronaldo’s first official NFT drop. . More 👚Adidas Originals reveals new 16-piece NFT collection of interoperable virtual wearables The wearables were airdropped to Phase 2 Capsule NFT holders. The wearables can be worn by virtual avatars and have been designed to be interoperable with other identity-based projects and metaverses. . More 🥤PepsiCo India to launch NFTs for Indian customers celebrating Pepsi Black The Pepsi Black Zero Sugar collection will feature 20 NFTs. The NFTs will be given away to the winners of the #PepsiBlackeffect challenge. . More 🪞Charlotte Tilbury unveils 3D virtual store Charlotte’s Beauty Realm is the brand’s first virtual store and comes with a gaming experience. The store is launching in the experiential e-commerce platform, Odyssey. Visitors will be able to buy products in the store. . More 💇🏾‍♀️ TRESemme enters the metaverse The TRESverse will feature a virtual salon, where users can style their avatars. . More 🎾 ATP Tour announces upcoming data-driven NFT collection The LOVE collection comprises 300 NFTs based on data from the Nitto ATP Finals and was created in collaboration with Art Blocks Engine & artist, Martin Grasser. . More 👗 Givenchy and Bstroy launch NFTs alongside a new physical collection LVHMs Givenchy has partnered with the streetwear brand to offer free NFTs to purchasers of the new clothing line. . More 🥣 Kelloggs’ Poptarts creates in-game NFT characters for Blankos Block Party Poptarts’ NFT characters will be playable within the NFT-based game. . More 🏎️ Azuki featured on Red Bull F1 cars for the last race of the 2022 season Azuki #8494 could be found between Tezos and Bybit. . More 🥃 Johnnie Walker lets NFT holders vote on the design of a new bottle The leading whisky brand has partnered with artist VANDYTHEPINK to submit designs for the bottle on which NFT holders will vote. The design with the most votes will be used for a new exclusive range of Johnnie Walker Blue Label. . More 💔 A number of NFT collections are stuck on the currently disabled FTX NFT marketplace Brands including Tomorrowland, Coachella, Steph Curry, Mercedes & the Golden State Warriors all have their NFTs stuck on insolvent FTX, leaving fans unable to interact with their collectibles. The brands are actively looking for solutions. . More

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The Girl’s School is an oval building made of sandstone that stands amid the Thar desert near the city of Rajkumari Ratnavati Jaisalmer, India. The renowned architect Diana Kellogg and her New York-based studio ensured that they honor the local culture and building traditions, while also introducing modern elements to the school. In this Slogging thread, our community discussed about how an oval school in the Thar desert empowers young girls. This Slogging thread is by Valentine Enedah, Janhavi Talhar, Mónica Freitas and Manas Goel occurred in slogging's official #random channel, and has been edited for readability. Valentine Enedah Oct 18, 2022, 2:22 PM This edifice rises from the sand to offer a safe and enjoyable learning environment. https://mashable.com/video/thar-desert-school-female-empowerment-india-diana-kellogg 💚 4 Valentine Enedah Oct 18, 2022, 2:24 PM Some cool features of the ﻿Rajkumari Ratnavati: Photo credit: DK Architects 1. The entire building has an oval shape, which universally symbolizes female strength. And it’s designed in such a way that it will filter out sunlight and maximize airflow around the building. A solar canopy supplies the power for the school, and the courtyard is aimed to harvest almost 3.5 lac litre of rainwater. This work of art blends conventional and contemporary architectural features 2. Ancient rain harvesting techniques ensure the water supply in the building, while electricity is sourced entirely from solar power. The school relies on natural cooling, which Kellogg says has significantly reduced temperatures in the building. 3. The school uniform was created by fashion designer utilizing the local Ajrak block printing technique. . Sabyasachi Mukherjee Photo credit: DK Architects This is brilliant! My first thought of its look reminded me of The Amazonian playground in You need to see that movie. Wonder Woman 1984. What do you think? Janhavi Talhar Oct 19, 2022, 12:35 PM Valentine Enedah Most ancient Indian institutions provided a wide range of disciplines, from law to medicine to astronomy to Buddhist theology, Vedic studies to the Atomic Theory of the World (authors translation) and many others. Since Arab (edit) and Turkic conquerors destroyed Vallabhi, Nalanda, and Viakramasila, knowledge of these institutions is relatively restricted. The Vedas and Upanishads, which teach science, politics, and philosophies during the various historical periods in which they were written, still provide access to the majority of the concepts and theories. Looking at these scriptures and other details, we can see that several modern education concepts (Jyotish, Ayurveda, Tantra, etc.) were taught in a slightly different way here, the architectural beauty is also detailed and well laid out, the political system (Chanakya neeti) was also well established, and there are so many small details that can be studied. 💚 1 Mónica Freitas Oct 19, 2022, 4:46 PM I love this! It's so utopic, and modern. It's what society should aspire to turn and, construction wise, it's so smart and ecological. AMAZING 💚 1 Manas Goel Oct 19, 2022, 5:06 PM What a marvel! Being from India myself, I would definitely visit this school! India being a tropical country experiences extreme weathers! and natural cooling is a very useful facet too! Amazed and Proud!🙌 💚 1 Valentine Enedah Oct 20, 2022, 8:21 AM Janhavi Talhar Indeed! I feel India has so many historic buildings and on top of that so many great scholars have Indian origins. Valentine Enedah Oct 20, 2022, 8:25 AM Mónica Freitas You have a great point. I doubt urban areas would want something like that. They could call it Archaic. But if they leverage technology to it's core, I know for sure, this school will one to remember. Valentine Enedah Oct 20, 2022, 8:26 AM Manas Goel That's so amazing. I would love to know about your experience after you have visited. Pictures would help as well😁 💚 1 Mónica Freitas Oct 26, 2022, 11:57 AM Valentine Enedah I don't see how people could call this archaic. Granted I live in a country with a lot of old structures, so this would be so fun to witness and experience. I'm sure the structure would have to be adapted to the climate but it'd create more specialised professionals too 💚 1 Valentine Enedah Oct 26, 2022, 1:30 PM Mónica Freitas I totally agree with your perspective. It will strive in some places no doubt due to its uniqueness. Mónica Freitas Oct 27, 2022, 10:27 AM Valentine Enedah it'll demand that we change the way we do things, probably take more time to build, and maybe face a bit of resistance from governments or businesses but I'm hoping we can scale it Valentine Enedah Oct 27, 2022, 12:24 PM Mónica Freitas Definitely! I think we need amazing people like you to pioneer or anchor these projects. 'Wonder woman saves the system of education in underrepresented communities.' Mónica Freitas Oct 31, 2022, 3:45 PM Valentine Enedah my dad works in construction. Don't give him any ideas 😂 😂 1 Valentine Enedah Oct 31, 2022, 5:42 PM Mónica Freitas You should tell him.🙂 Female empowerment through education and play stands at the centre of this school. These values inform her work on all levels, from researching and applying the symbolism of the elliptical shape, to the incorporation of jali walls and modesty screens where the girls can play.

The Rajkumari Ratnavati Girl’s School: An innovative,safe and playful study environment.

This guide is intended to provide an overview of influencer marketing and the different types of influencers. It will help you understand the concept of influencer marketing and its various aspects. It will also give you a brief overview of how different types of influencers work and collaborate with brands. Introduction to Influencer Marketing One of the most well-liked and lucrative social media trends, influencer marketing, has quickly established itself among the audience. Influencer marketing is a social media marketing technique whereby businesses collaborate with well-known figures in their sector to promote their goods or services. These influencers might be well-known on social media or regarded as authorities in their industry. In simple words, influencer marketing involves finding people who have attracted a strong following on a particular channel and asking them to post about your product or service. If you want to attract 2,000 new customers, you can try to target them through a range of different channels, including TV advertising, social media campaigns, and search engine marketing. But all these can be costly and may or may not work. An alternative approach is identifying and working with people with a high social media presence or many YouTube subscribers. If these influencers agree to work with you, they may post about your product, do an ad, or do both. Their followers will see these posts and may be persuaded to buy the product. Influencer Marketing is a marketing strategy to reach a target audience through a credible and relevant influencer. The objective is to drive brand awareness and increase brand value, product sales, and inbound leads. Things to consider when thinking about influencer marketing Make sure the influencer you select fits well with your brand. Their target market should be pertinent to yours, and their ideals should be compatible with yours. Influencers should fit well with your brand: Be specific with your collaboration goals. What do you hope to accomplish? How will you assess your progress? Review collaboration goals: Be ready to make a financial commitment. Influencer marketing might be expensive depending on the size and reach of the influencer you choose to work with. Prepare for a budget: It takes time to develop connections with influencers and produce content for them. Don't count on outcomes right now. Be tolerant: Types of social media influencers There are many types of social media influencers, including: Celebrity influencers Celebrity influencers have a large social media following and endorse products or brands using their platform. Companies often pay influencers to promote their products, and they can be very effective in driving sales. While anyone can be an influencer, celebrities tend to have the most influence due to their large social media followings. In recent years, celebrity influencers have become increasingly popular, and companies are willing to pay big money for their endorsements. Some of the most popular and biggest celebrity influencers are: for to promote its handbags and accessories. Having more than 100 million followers on the social platform Instagram, she also designs a few pieces of her own that inspire her followers to buy more products. Selena Gomez Coach for , a personal care brand from India. The brand roped in Alia Bhatt as its celebrity influence to drive sales and create brand awareness. Alia Bhatt mCaffeine for , a baby care brand founded in 2016. The company decided to have Mandira Bedi promote their products to showcase the strong women/mothers and promote their pure baby products without artificial scents and chemicals. Mandira Bedi Mother Sparsh These are just a few of the celebrity influencers. Brands are nowadays working with celebrities to have a promising presence in the market. Successful Celebrity Marketing Campaigns MAKEMYTRIP: #OneTripAtATime This campaign won many awards in different categories in India. The brand created an IGTV video featuring celebrity influencers who encouraged them to take trips by asking, “How they would not like the upcoming years to be like 2020” as a part of their new year's resolution. The campaign had celebrities like Shenaz Treasury, Gaurav Taneja, Barkha Singh, and more who reposted the IGTV post and encouraged their followers to answer the question. The campaign went live on New Year’s eve and helped generate more than across Instagram. Make My Trip received approx. five thousand actions through the campaign. 11 million impressions #21Recipes21Days campaign by Kellogg’s with Ranveer Brar Indians were getting used to a new way of life that was restricted to their houses during the 21-Day Lockdown in the year 2020. According to social listening, Indian mothers discussed their everyday challenge of deciding what to prepare. This was brought on by the widespread limitations on cafes and restaurants, which increased the number of people searching for recipes online. At this time, Kellogg’s came up with a where Ranveer Brar, a celebrity chef, was taken to drive awareness about the Ready to eat range launched by the brand. Ranveer Brar has more than 1.2 million followers on Instagram, 1.7 million on Twitter, 2.8 million on Facebook, and 2.55 million on YouTube. #21Recipes21Days campaign Ranveer Brar served as the host of a LIVE session on Facebook Live and YouTube. In this Facebook Live, he demonstrated simple meals that could be produced with Kellogg's cereals. Chef Ranveer Brar and his son prepared a live meal during this LIVE session, which promoted the benefits of cooking as a way to strengthen family ties. In this session, Kellogg's products, which were incorporated into the dishes, were also organically branded. A Q&A session with Chef Ranveer Brar was held on the LIVE video using branded plugins following each recipe's discussion. Result:** There were 3.2 million unique views, 300,000 organic views, over 9 million impressions, a reach of 6 million, and 3.6 lakh engagements. Why should you work with celebrities? Although there are many types of influencers nowadays, brands still prefer to work with celebrities for their influencer marketing campaigns. Why? A study by the Journal of Advertising Research found that brands that roped in celebrity influencers saw a weekly increase in their sales of 4%. It adds status and value to your brand that is difficult to achieve otherwise. Are there any drawbacks to working with celebrity influencers? If you rope in a celebrity for your brand, it connects the value of the two. If the value or image of the celebrity tanks, it hampers your brand image too. , when Tiger Woods, a golfer, was embroiled in a scandal, the companies he endorsed were also criticized and lost their shareholders. Also, if a celebrity has fake followers, it will not drive any results for you. For example If you're looking to use celebrity influencers to promote your brand, it's important to find ones that align with your values and who have a genuine interest in your products. Look at the quality of their content, engagement ratio, relevance to your brand, and budget you can afford. Choosing the right influencer can make a big difference in the success of your marketing campaigns. Micro-influencers Micro-influencers are social media users with a large following who are considered to have influence over their followers. They are often experts or enthusiasts in their niche who are able to generate high levels of engagement with their content. Every day social media users with a smaller but highly engaged following. They have a following of 10000-100000, which is very low in comparison to a celebrity influencer but can be very effective. Why are Micro influencers gaining momentum? Micro-influencers can be a valuable asset to brands as they can help to promote products or services to a large audience. However, it is important to consider the type of influence that a micro-influencer has before working with them. Some micro-influencers may have a more negative influence on their followers, so it is important to vet them before working together. Examples of Micro-Influencers and Micro-Influencers Campaigns Coca-Cola Coca-Cola is such a giant brand. It still works with Micro-influencers to engage more targeted audiences. Coca-Cola has involved some micro-influencers in travel, food, fashion, and other verticals. The campaign targeted to show how Coca-cola fits into the lives of different individuals. It helps brands to reach more markets, especially in Europe. Sugar Cosmetics One of the leading Indian cosmetic brands, Sugar, regularly partners with micro-influencers to promote Their new range of products. These "micro-influencers" are beauty bloggers and influencers who often post their pictures and videos wearing Sugar Cosmetics products. After conducting market research, the company recognized the need for a comprehensive program including a large number of influencers who would review SUGAR goods and promote them sustainably and naturally. Why choose micro-Influencers Choosing micro-influencers has a lot of reasons. One of the reasons is that they cost far less than macro influencers or celebrity influencers.  They have high engagement rates, and according to a study, they generate than the average engagement generated by all the influencers. 7 times more Also, Micro-influencers tend to convey more authenticity when they promote a brand because they promote the products or services they believe in and use. Overall, micro-influencers can be a great way to reach a large audience with your message. However, it is important to consider the type of influence that they have before working with them. Macro influencers A macro influencer is an individual with a large audience and high engagement who can significantly impact a brand or product. Compared to traditional celebrities, macro influencers tend to have more niche audiences and focus on specific topics or industries. This allows them to build strong relationships with their followers and become trusted experts in their field. They have a slightly smaller audience, between 500,000 and 1 million followers. They can be athletes, TV personalities, chefs, singers, etc., who gained popularity on the internet only. As the importance of influencer marketing has grown, so has the demand for macro influencers. These days, brands are willing to pay top dollar to work with macro influencers who can help them reach their target audience and achieve their marketing goals. Why macro influencers? Macro Influencers can expand your social media and brand awareness campaigns because they are a renewable resource. Campaigns can endure for months to years with large returns on investment when macro social media influencers are utilized. According to of marketers, influencer marketing's return on investment is on par with or superior to that of other marketing channels. 89% Brands can use the reputation of macro influencers and can partner with them as brand ambassadors. Here are some popular macro influencers: **Therealdrjackie:**Ob/Gyn Dr. Jackie Walters is a medical professional. She also appears on the Bravo television program "Married to Medicine." As a result of starting the 50 Shades of Pink Foundation after overcoming breast cancer, Jackie gained notoriety. Her Instagram account has more than 970k followers with a strong engagement rate. Dr. Jackie discusses feminine health on her podcast and her point of view on her Instagram account. She offers advice based on her experiences. She might be a great macro influencer to work with if your company is in the health sector. British model and influencer Megan Williams appeared in three straight Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in 2016, 2017, and 2018. She is a prominent figure in the fashion sector and has a sizable Instagram following (790k), making her a strong pick for brands in the same industry to work with. Meganmayw: Ashley Galvin, an American yoga instructor, rose to fame for her stamina, flexibility, and distinct style of instruction. With roughly 550k followers, she is one of the top Instagram macro influencers. On her motivational account, she frequently uploads yoga and fitness-related content. She will be a great candidate for you if your business has anything to do with fitness. Ashleygalvinyoga: Examples of macro influencers and successful campaigns Swarovski’s ‘Sparks of Love’ Campaign Prestigious jewelry and accessory brand Swarovski ran the**"Sparks of Love"** Instagram campaign for their Valentine's Day collection. It inspired the audience to select a meaningful present from their selection to declare their love. Swarovski was able to reach a broader audience in a more focused way by collaborating with macro-influencers and digital celebrities. Instagram influencers often produce their content with their closest loved ones in it, such as a spouse, a parent, or a close friend. They were required to adhere to a color scheme as well in order to preserve brand attractiveness. Sakshi of StyleMeUpWithSakshi, for instance, mentioned that she and her parents spent the momentous day together and that her Swarovski was a gift for them. A similar campaign was run on Christmas 2019; influencer Kriti Vij stressed self-love in her Christmas post for the campaign, and content creator Viraj Ghelani posed with a Swarovski while suggesting it was a gift for his mother. As a response, 12 influencers with a combined following of over 1.9 million participated in the Instagram campaign. They produced 24 original pieces of content in total, which collectively reached Instagram users. With a combined 313K+ followers, the posts had a 16% interaction rate. 2.1 million+ Challenges of working with macro influencers There are a few challenges you might face when working with macro influencers. First, they can be . Second, they can be . Third, they expensive difficult to contact and coordinate might not have an engagement. **They can be expensive:**Macro influencers can be expensive to work with. They often charge a high fee for sponsorships and collaborations, which can make working with them difficult if you have a limited budget. Macro influencers can be difficult to contact and coordinate with. They often have busy schedules and might not respond to your messages right away. This can make it difficult to connect with them and set up collaborations. They can be difficult to contact and coordinate with: Macro influencers might not have as much engagement as you’d like. They often have a large number of followers, but their posts might not get a lot of likes or comments, and this can make it difficult to gauge their impact and reach. They might not have as much engagement as you’d like: If you're thinking of working with a macro influencer, it's essential to do your research and choose someone who aligns with your brand and marketing objectives. Once you've found the right influencer, you can start developing a long-term relationship that will help. Nano influencers Nano influencers are the influencers with a small number of followers. They are typically experts in their field or niche and have a high level of influence within their community. Nano influencers often have fewer than 1,000 followers and are considered to be more authentic and trustworthy than larger influencers. While they may not have the reach of a celebrity influencer, nano influencers can still significantly impact their followers. They are often more relatable and accessible than bigger influencers, which makes them more effective at influencing purchasing decisions. Examples of Nano influencers and successful campaigns Yoga Bar An online retailer of food and drink products in Mumbai, Yogabar focuses on picking up micro and nano influencers, people with a smaller following but a more engaged one. The company has worked with more than 100 micro and nano influencers across the health and fitness industries. See the below-given images: Here, and are the nano influencers with less than 10,000 and more than 1,000 followers. These influencers are collaborating with Yogabar to promote their products. @shuchitasharan @theyashhegde Clinique The most powerful subset of influencers in the influencer marketing industry is likely nano influencers. Nano-influencers' subscribers share common interests, making it simpler for brands to more precisely target their potential customers more than big influencers whose audiences share fewer similarities. Because of this, Clinique frequently employs indie bloggers like to advertise their goods, and she collaborates with Clinique and promotes their products to her 3k subscribers. Alexis Baker Why do brands work with nano-influencers? There are a few reasons brands work with nano-influencers. , nano-influencers tend to have high engagement rates, which means that when they post about a brand, their followers are more likely to see and engage with it. First , nano-influencers have more personal relationships with their followers, which means their followers are more likely to trust them and their recommendations. Second , nano-influencers are more affordable than other influencers, making them a good option for brands on a tight budget. Third , nano-influencers can reach niche audiences that other influencers may not be able to reach, making them a valuable asset for brands targeting specific demographics. Finally Cons of using nano influencer There are a few potential downsides to using nano influencers in marketing campaigns, including: While nano influencers may have engaged audiences, they may not have a large following compared to other influencers. This means they may not be able to reach as many people as you’d like. They may not have a large following: Since nano influencers typically don’t have as much experience as other influencers, they may not be as credible. This could make it harder for them to influence their audience. They may not be as credible: Since nano influencers have smaller audiences, they may not have as much influence as other influencers. This means their endorsements may not carry as much weight. They may not have as much influence: Since nano influencers are typically just regular people, they may not be as professional as other influencers. This could make it difficult to work with them and get them to adhere to your campaign guidelines. They may not be as professional: If you're looking to reach a specific target audience, nano influencers can be a great way to connect with potential customers. How to find nano influencers? There are a few ways to find nano-influencers, but the most effective way is to use a tool like BuzzSumo. With BuzzSumo, you can search for content related to your brand or industry and then filter the results by the number of engagements (likes, comments, shares, etc.). This will help you identify the most popular content and the people sharing it the most. How to become a social media influencer There are some general tips you can follow to become a social media influencer, including: Find a topic or niche that you’re passionate about and that you can share valuable content with. Find your niche: Use tactics like content marketing and social media advertising to grow your following on social media. Grow your social media following: Regularly interact with your audience to build relationships and keep them engaged. Engage with your audience: Work with brands that are a good fit for your audience and your personal brand. Partner with brands: Summing up Finding a suitable influencer is key to the success of a brand’s campaign. Find your niche, identify what you want to achieve, review your budgets and choose an influencer that can do justice to your brand’s promotion. What do you think about the article? Do let us know in the comments.

KELLOGG

kelloggcompany.com

10K+ employees

Since 1906

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KELLOGG

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KELLOGG

kelloggcompany.com

10K+ employees

Since 1906

COMPANY RANKING

KELLOGG

EVERGREEN INDEX #5504

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