Green Badg

greenbadg

If your team uses Git and Continuous Integration, chances are good that your workflow could benefit from . But first, strap on your VR headset and experience the perils of through the eyes of our seasoned developer, Karen. git greenbase git pull Karen vs the broken build You arrive to work still flush with exertion from your morning run, a smile on your face and a bounce in your step — the light bulb went off mid run: you knew why the identity service was flaking out every morning at 11:48AM. Firing up the console, you to the right repo and flows nimbly from your fingertips, your heel tapping out the beat to the last song on your playlist; it was a good one. cd git pull Git decides it needs to repack and take out the garbage on your oversized repo. You roll your eyes slightly, but no bother — nothing can get you down today. You’re in and out of Vim in a flash. Hard to believe such a simple three-line change would alleviate so much misery for the Ops peeps. You glance at the clock. It just might be possible to get it diffed to code review before the daily standup. Just one thing left to do… Run the tests. “That’s funny…” “That’s funny… 17 tests failed???” You furrow your brow in consternation. “How did my change possibly break the Time widget”, you think, shaking your head. Down below, your once merry foot had stopped tapping, its good beats forgotten. The next ten minutes sneak past you like a puma as you pour over all the source files even remotely related to your fix. Still nothing. A blip on the screen shocks you from your concentration like a cold pie to the face. “You coming to the standup?” Yikes, I’m late! Skidding to a halt Coyote-style near the great semicircle of agility, you sidle up next to your buddy Anne. Everyone looks faintly amused, but they’re not looking at you. Tom is apologizing for breaking the build. “Sorry I’m late everybody”, you interject meekly. “I was looking at some tests I broke.” Tom looks at you sheepishly. “By any chance, were they 17 tests in the Time widget?” Slumping forward, you let out an overly dramatic exasperated sigh of frustration. The team glances around for a second, then bursts into laughter. It was a knowing laugh, one of commiseration and mutual understanding. Where vanilla falls short git pull What happened to you in our story? You pulled a broken build! That sent you down a rabbit hole searching in vain for a problem you didn’t cause. You ran to pull in the latest changes, but think about it, did you really want the changes? Or did you want the latest changes? When people build a house, they take time to prepare the land and the foundation. They don’t just start building on a pile of junk. Likewise, when we start development of a new feature or bug fix, we should start from a known good place. That gives you the confidence that any build or test failures really are fault, and not from Anne, Tom, or that one intern that rides around the office on a unicycle. git pull latest good your If your team practices and has a solid suite of automated tests, your source of truth for what constitutes a “known good build” is your CI server. Continuous Integration (CI) to the rescue! git greenbase This is where comes in. Instead of blindly running like a slot machine and hoping for the best, you run . It queries your CI server for the latest , or “green” build, then resets your local master to match. Voila! is now at a known good state. Start your coding engines with confidence! git greenbase git pull git greenbase passing master What about local feature branches? If you are on a local feature branch that tracks , and your team uses a rebase-based workflow, then still resets to match the green build, but it rebases your local feature branch on top of master. Pretty cool, huh? master git greenbase master also Installing git greenbase sits serenely on Github: . If you’re on Linux, install it like this: git greenbase https://github.com/tygerbytes/git-greenbase git clone cd git-greenbase ./install https://github.com/tygerbytes/git-greenbase.git The script will create a symlink to git-greenbase and add it to your PATH. Git will find it in your path and allow you to run , just like any Git command. ./install git greenbase (See the for the latest installation instructions.) repo But what about Mac and Windows? As of March 2018 git greenbase has only been tested with Linux. It works with Mac OS X as well. It most likely won’t work on Windows. I am totally open to pull requests. If demand is great enough, I’ll write a version in PowerShell. probably as is Configure to work with your CI provider git greenbase Now that it’s installed, how do you configure it to work with your CI provider? Typically you need to provide Git with your CI server’s URL, API token, and the ID of your project. The information is stored in your Git config. For example, if you use Travis CI, you would run commands similar to the following: git config . traviscigit config greenbase. git config greenbase.travisci. git config greenbase.travisci. greenbase provider travisci.token <TOKEN> serverUri <SERVER_URI> repoId <GITHUB_REPO_ID> ( for the latest configuration instructions.) See the repo Which CI providers are supported? As of March 2018 the only CI providers supported out of the OSS box are: Gitlab Travis CI TFS (Not well-tested) That’s a short list! If you would like to add support for another CI provider, feel free to send me a pull request. See below under “Contributing to development.” Contributing to development git greenbase is written in Bash, and tested using the . git greenbase Bats testing framework I tried my best to design it in a modular fashion for testability and maintainability. For example, the logic for communicating with each CI provider lives in its own Bash script, with its Bats tests alongside it in the same directory. Personally, , nor am I a super skilled Bash developer. That said, I feel tools like will bring more peace, love, and butterflies to the DevOps landscape. So I persevere. :) Bash isn’t my favorite language git greenbase See the for the latest development details. development page Can I buy you a coffee? If you’re super stoked about and all the pain it has saved you and your team, . I find coffee a great motivator. git greenbase buy me a coffee Originally published at tygertec.com on March 5, 2018.

git greenbase means never pulling a broken build

Image Attributed to @LucianoInf Now second only to South Korea as the biggest crypto market in Asia, Hong Kong's future might be one of decentralised ledgers, Bitcoin and Crypto-Currencies. Hong Kong will always hold a special place in my heart. For just shy of two years from 2016 to 2018 I lived and worked in the city, and still today it sits close to the top of the list of my preferred jurisdictions for business incorporation. Hong Kong is, as ever, a great place to do business and with its grit and its tenacity is very much the New York City of East Asia, or at least, it was. Every so often a need arises to clear up some business or banking in the city and so I find myself landing at its world class airport and dining at its world class restaurants with old friends and contacts. People who are close to the action and keyed in to the city's inner workings. Yet, as an infrequent visitor my eyes and ears observe changes not so obvious to those stuck in the daily grind, in the same way the ageing process is invisible from one day to the next, but stark and profound as the years roll by. Hong Kong is struggling to reinvent itself. Before you boomers get all giddy with your 'muh China', hold on. This isn't an article about the Chinese Government, I rather want to lay out my thoughts around Hong Kong itself, as well as the city relative to its immediate region. I don't intend to make the case for Singapore, which, despite being arguably the greatest beneficiary of Hong Kong's headaches, is still a top contender for title of the most boring place in Asia. I intend only to outline the unique challenges and opportunities faced by one of the most magnificent - and least boring - cities in the world. Gateway to the Middle Kingdom Incorporating your business in Hong Kong still makes sense in many cases. Hong Kong is pragmatic, with systems and infrastructure that is well established to facilitate commerce and trade. Structures can be highly tax efficient, and while getting a bank account has become more difficult, once established, the banking services at your disposal are second-to-none. Hong Kong is still a respected jurisdiction globally. Yet for entrepreneurs and companies alike the case for incorporating in Hong Kong has often been as part of an overall strategy to do business in and with the mainland. Because of the prevalence of a legal system and system of governance with its foundations in the British style, foreigners could come to Hong Kong and feel just enough familiarity not to be scurrying back to wherever they came from (and often this meant quite a lot of familiarity was on offer). Recently a contact of mine who does business in the mainland linked me to a new structure in Shanghai for establishing 100% foreign owned companies. While the corporate tax rate on the mainland is higher (25% vs 16.5% in Hong Kong), the fees associated with establishing such an entity are far lower, and skipping Hong Kong to go directly to the supplier or client has the benefit of reduced friction and complexity. There is no obvious remedy to this dilemma for Hong Kong. As companies have become more confident engaging directly with the mainland, the appeal of Hong Kong in this respect has waned. Added to this the fact that Hong Kong itself is too small to be a genuine start-up hub, there exists a need for the city to take a new approach. Economic Woes At the same time as Hong Kong's role as gateway to the mainland has diminished, there has been an ever growing inflow of both capital and people from the mainland. Every year the prevalence of Mandarin on the streets of the city grows, but, in the wake of the pandemic, this growth has been offset by an exodus of both Hong Kongers (primarily to the UK, Canada and Australia) and Western Expats. This population shuffle fundamentally changes the fabric of Hong Kong society, and is a phenomenon seen elsewhere, including for example in Germany. Those leaving Hong Kong are by-and-large wealthier than the average Hong Konger, and with them goes their skills and capital worsening the city's already pessimistic demographic outlook (with a Total Fertility Rate of 0.7 according to the World Bank, Hong Kong's ageing population - an almost worldwide issue - is one of its greatest challenges in the years ahead). Arrivals from the mainland have helped to offset this exodus, but only so much, and with the collapse in the Yen, Tokyo is increasingly attractive to wealthy Chinese looking to diversify themselves both financially and by way of residency. The fact that Hong Kong remains one of the most expensive places in the world only adds fuel to the fire. As the saying goes, one man's (or city's) loss is another's gain, and as already mentioned, Singapore has been effective in attracting capital and businesses included in the exodus. At the same time, countries such as Malaysia with its sizeable Chinese diaspora and corporate structures offering tax rates as low as 3% (via the Labuan incorporation route), are also seeing an uptick in interest from those who might otherwise have stayed in the Fragrant Harbour. While the economy on the mainland has been sluggish, the PBOC has adjusted rates downwards. Hong Kong's peg however has dictated that the Hong Kong Monetary Authority has followed the Fed's increases over the past few years. This has resulted in a policy rate that sits at 5.25% vs 3.10% for the PBOC at the time of writing (5 years ago the PBOC rate stood at 4.31% while the HKMA policy rate was around 1%). While the increase in rates in the USA was implemented to reign in inflation, Hong Kong suffered no such comparable phenomenon - although it did suffer significant capital outflows - and the increase in rates has been in direct contradiction to conventional economic wisdom that may have encouraged a policy of easing rather than tightening over the last few years had it not been for the peg. Crypto In February 2022, with the invasion of Ukraine by Russia marking a dramatic escalation in hostilities, Chinese policy makers and tycoons alike were undoubtedly keenly observing the geopolitical fallout. If not already clear, this event and the close to three years since has demonstrated the closeness of these two civilisational states. However, and perhaps more importantly, it has exposed the extent to which the United States will go to both pursue sanctions and weaponise the financial system that it controls via the greenback. Many, including myself, did not think that Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin would do it, and many others believed that the Russia - which had popularly, and falsely, been described by many in the West as a 'gas station masquerading as a country' (John McCain, 2015) - would quickly crumble under the weight of economic exclusion. As is usually the case, pretty much nothing happened according to consensus. Russia which had been so successful in its quick, practically bloodless annexation of Crimea, did not scare the Ukrainians back to the negotiating table. Conversely, the Russian economy has actually experienced something of an economic boom. However, and the point I want to drive home, from the perspective of those in Asia, it was a test case for what Hong Kong may face in the wake of any escalation in the straits of Taiwan. China's approach to crypto-currencies has been mixed at best. While officially there are bans on crypto, it is no coincidence that Hong Kong, which initially pushed back so hard on this financial innovation, has now seen a dramatic uptick in crypto assets. In a recent report by Chainalysis Hong Kong saw the fastest growth in its region at 86% from July 2023 to June 2024. In light of the situation in Ukraine, it is possible that crypto could be considered a useful tool in mitigating the effects of an economic war, such as that which the West has waged on Russia. At the very least, it does provide an incentive for regulators to look the other way or turn a blind eye. Conclusion With approximately 7.5 million inhabitants, Hong Kong just doesn't have the scale to make it a stand-out start-up hub, and its role as a conduit into the mainland will in all probability be further eroded by the likes of Shanghai and Shenzhen. Nevertheless, its role as a critical financial centre may be reinvigorated by a realignment towards crypto-assets and the newly emerging financial paradigm unfolding before our very eyes. Whether Trump's reelection will inspire a rapprochement and deescalation of the now vivid geopolitical schism calving up the world is yet to be seen. Nevertheless, one thing is abundantly clear, if Hong Kong is to retain its prestige and replicate its past success, things will need to change. Image Attributed to @LucianoInf Image Attributed to @LucianoInf Now second only to South Korea as the biggest crypto market in Asia, Hong Kong's future might be one of decentralised ledgers, Bitcoin and Crypto-Currencies. Now second only to South Korea as the biggest crypto market in Asia, Hong Kong's future might be one of decentralised ledgers, Bitcoin and Crypto-Currencies. Hong Kong will always hold a special place in my heart. For just shy of two years from 2016 to 2018 I lived and worked in the city, and still today it sits close to the top of the list of my preferred jurisdictions for business incorporation. Hong Kong is, as ever, a great place to do business and with its grit and its tenacity is very much the New York City of East Asia, or at least, it was. Every so often a need arises to clear up some business or banking in the city and so I find myself landing at its world class airport and dining at its world class restaurants with old friends and contacts. People who are close to the action and keyed in to the city's inner workings. Yet, as an infrequent visitor my eyes and ears observe changes not so obvious to those stuck in the daily grind, in the same way the ageing process is invisible from one day to the next, but stark and profound as the years roll by. Hong Kong is struggling to reinvent itself. Before you boomers get all giddy with your 'muh China', hold on. This isn't an article about the Chinese Government, I rather want to lay out my thoughts around Hong Kong itself, as well as the city relative to its immediate region. I don't intend to make the case for Singapore, which, despite being arguably the greatest beneficiary of Hong Kong's headaches, is still a top contender for title of the most boring place in Asia. I intend only to outline the unique challenges and opportunities faced by one of the most magnificent - and least boring - cities in the world. Gateway to the Middle Kingdom Incorporating your business in Hong Kong still makes sense in many cases. Hong Kong is pragmatic, with systems and infrastructure that is well established to facilitate commerce and trade. Structures can be highly tax efficient, and while getting a bank account has become more difficult, once established, the banking services at your disposal are second-to-none. Hong Kong is still a respected jurisdiction globally. Yet for entrepreneurs and companies alike the case for incorporating in Hong Kong has often been as part of an overall strategy to do business in and with the mainland. Because of the prevalence of a legal system and system of governance with its foundations in the British style, foreigners could come to Hong Kong and feel just enough familiarity not to be scurrying back to wherever they came from (and often this meant quite a lot of familiarity was on offer). Recently a contact of mine who does business in the mainland linked me to a new structure in Shanghai for establishing 100% foreign owned companies. While the corporate tax rate on the mainland is higher (25% vs 16.5% in Hong Kong), the fees associated with establishing such an entity are far lower, and skipping Hong Kong to go directly to the supplier or client has the benefit of reduced friction and complexity. There is no obvious remedy to this dilemma for Hong Kong. As companies have become more confident engaging directly with the mainland, the appeal of Hong Kong in this respect has waned. Added to this the fact that Hong Kong itself is too small to be a genuine start-up hub, there exists a need for the city to take a new approach. Economic Woes At the same time as Hong Kong's role as gateway to the mainland has diminished, there has been an ever growing inflow of both capital and people from the mainland. Every year the prevalence of Mandarin on the streets of the city grows, but, in the wake of the pandemic, this growth has been offset by an exodus of both Hong Kongers (primarily to the UK, Canada and Australia) and Western Expats. This population shuffle fundamentally changes the fabric of Hong Kong society, and is a phenomenon seen elsewhere, including for example in Germany. Those leaving Hong Kong are by-and-large wealthier than the average Hong Konger, and with them goes their skills and capital worsening the city's already pessimistic demographic outlook (with a Total Fertility Rate of 0.7 according to the World Bank, Hong Kong's ageing population - an almost worldwide issue - is one of its greatest challenges in the years ahead). population shuffle population shuffle Arrivals from the mainland have helped to offset this exodus, but only so much, and with the collapse in the Yen, Tokyo is increasingly attractive to wealthy Chinese looking to diversify themselves both financially and by way of residency. The fact that Hong Kong remains one of the most expensive places in the world only adds fuel to the fire. As the saying goes, one man's (or city's) loss is another's gain , and as already mentioned, Singapore has been effective in attracting capital and businesses included in the exodus. At the same time, countries such as Malaysia with its sizeable Chinese diaspora and corporate structures offering tax rates as low as 3% (via the Labuan incorporation route), are also seeing an uptick in interest from those who might otherwise have stayed in the Fragrant Harbour. one man's (or city's) loss is another's gain While the economy on the mainland has been sluggish, the PBOC has adjusted rates downwards. Hong Kong's peg however has dictated that the Hong Kong Monetary Authority has followed the Fed's increases over the past few years. This has resulted in a policy rate that sits at 5.25% vs 3.10% for the PBOC at the time of writing (5 years ago the PBOC rate stood at 4.31% while the HKMA policy rate was around 1%). While the increase in rates in the USA was implemented to reign in inflation, Hong Kong suffered no such comparable phenomenon - although it did suffer significant capital outflows - and the increase in rates has been in direct contradiction to conventional economic wisdom that may have encouraged a policy of easing rather than tightening over the last few years had it not been for the peg. Crypto In February 2022, with the invasion of Ukraine by Russia marking a dramatic escalation in hostilities, Chinese policy makers and tycoons alike were undoubtedly keenly observing the geopolitical fallout. If not already clear, this event and the close to three years since has demonstrated the closeness of these two civilisational states. However, and perhaps more importantly, it has exposed the extent to which the United States will go to both pursue sanctions and weaponise the financial system that it controls via the greenback. Many, including myself, did not think that Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin would do it, and many others believed that the Russia - which had popularly, and falsely, been described by many in the West as a 'gas station masquerading as a country' (John McCain, 2015) - would quickly crumble under the weight of economic exclusion. As is usually the case, pretty much nothing happened according to consensus. Russia which had been so successful in its quick, practically bloodless annexation of Crimea, did not scare the Ukrainians back to the negotiating table. Conversely, the Russian economy has actually experienced something of an economic boom. However, and the point I want to drive home, from the perspective of those in Asia, it was a test case for what Hong Kong may face in the wake of any escalation in the straits of Taiwan. China's approach to crypto-currencies has been mixed at best. While officially there are bans on crypto, it is no coincidence that Hong Kong, which initially pushed back so hard on this financial innovation, has now seen a dramatic uptick in crypto assets. In a recent report by Chainalysis Hong Kong saw the fastest growth in its region at 86% from July 2023 to June 2024. In light of the situation in Ukraine, it is possible that crypto could be considered a useful tool in mitigating the effects of an economic war, such as that which the West has waged on Russia. At the very least, it does provide an incentive for regulators to look the other way or turn a blind eye. report Conclusion With approximately 7.5 million inhabitants, Hong Kong just doesn't have the scale to make it a stand-out start-up hub, and its role as a conduit into the mainland will in all probability be further eroded by the likes of Shanghai and Shenzhen. Nevertheless, its role as a critical financial centre may be reinvigorated by a realignment towards crypto-assets and the newly emerging financial paradigm unfolding before our very eyes. Whether Trump's reelection will inspire a rapprochement and deescalation of the now vivid geopolitical schism calving up the world is yet to be seen. Nevertheless, one thing is abundantly clear, if Hong Kong is to retain its prestige and replicate its past success, things will need to change.

Hong Kong and the Crypto Boom: Economic Woes, Money Flows and Sanctions

The Systemic Impact of Deplatforming on Social Media: Acknowledgements, Data, and References

Thermodynamic Limits Around M-dwarf Stars: Acknowledgements

Comparison of Machine Learning Methods: Conclusions and Future Work, and References

Authors:
(1) Joseph Latessa, Department of Computer Science Wayne State University, Detroit MI USA (jlatessa@wayne.edu);
(2) Aadi Huria, Senior, Salem High School Canton, MI USA (huria.aadi@gmail.com);
(3) Deepak Raju, Senior, Salem High School, Canton MI USA (Deepak.Raju294@outlook.com). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Related Work Project Prerequisites Project Implementation Insight and Reflections Conclusions, Acknowledgement and References 6 CONCLUSION For motivated independent study students, learning software engineering concepts such as version control and continuous integration will benefit them in their future studies. As demonstrated here, this content is accessible to students even at an early point in their computer science education. A special honors project or a supplemental one-credit-hour tools and techniques course taken as a corequisite to the traditional introduction to programming track could be a next step to further develop, scale, and generalize the material and unique format devised and embarked upon for this project. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge Loren Schwiebert at Wayne State University for his assistance, feedback, and advice throughout the development and implementation of this project. We would also like to acknowledge the JETSCAPE Collaboration [1] and GOMC [2] for providing the source repositories and applications on which our automated tests were developed. We also acknowledge LinkChecker [12], GitHub Actions HTML5 Validator [10], and svenkreiss/html5validator [11] as the marketplace and opensource utilities discussed and applied as part of this project. REFERENCES [1] JETSCAPE Website: https://jetscape.org. [2] GOMC - GPU-Optimized Monte Carlo Website: https://gomc-wsu.org. [3] Chib, Siddhartha, and Edward Greenberg. “Understanding the MetropolisHastings Algorithm.” The American Statistician, vol. 49, no. 4, 1995, pp. 327– 35. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2684568. Accessed 17 Aug. 2023. [4] Richard Glassey. 2019. Adopting Git/Github within Teaching: A Survey of Tool Support. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Global Computing Education (CompEd '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1145/3300115.3309518 [5] Yu-Cheng Tu, Valerio Terragni, Ewan Tempero, Asma Shakil, Andrew Meads, Nasser Giacaman, Allan Fowler, and Kelly Blincoe. 2022. GitHub in the Classroom: Lessons Learnt. In Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1145/3511861.3511879 [6] Lassi Haaranen and Teemu Lehtinen. 2015. Teaching Git on the Side: Version Control System as a Course Platform. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1145/2729094.2742608 [7] David S. Janzen and Hossein Saiedian. 2006. Test-driven learning: intrinsic integration of testing into the CS/SE curriculum. SIGCSE Bull. 38, 1 (March 2006), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1145/1124706.1121419 [8] B. P. Eddy et al., "A Pilot Study on Introducing Continuous Integration and Delivery into Undergraduate Software Engineering Courses," 2017 IEEE 30th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T), Savannah, GA, USA, 2017, pp. 47-56, doi: 10.1109/CSEET.2017.18. [9] Alex Radermacher and Gursimran Walia. 2013. Gaps between industry expectations and the abilities of graduates. In Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education (SIGCSE '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 525–530. https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445351 [10] HTML5 Validator - GitHub Marketplace: https://github.com/marketplace/actions/html5-validator. [11] GitHub - svenkreiss/html5validator: Command line tool to validate HTML5 files. Great for continuous integration.: 2022. https://github.com/svenkreiss/html5validator. [12] LinkChecker: 2022. https://pypi.org/project/LinkChecker/. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Joseph Latessa, Department of Computer Science Wayne State University, Detroit MI USA (jlatessa@wayne.edu); (2) Aadi Huria, Senior, Salem High School Canton, MI USA (huria.aadi@gmail.com); (3) Deepak Raju, Senior, Salem High School, Canton MI USA (Deepak.Raju294@outlook.com). Authors: Authors: (1) Joseph Latessa, Department of Computer Science Wayne State University, Detroit MI USA (jlatessa@wayne.edu); (2) Aadi Huria, Senior, Salem High School Canton, MI USA (huria.aadi@gmail.com); (3) Deepak Raju, Senior, Salem High School, Canton MI USA (Deepak.Raju294@outlook.com). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Related Work Related Work Project Prerequisites Project Prerequisites Project Implementation Project Implementation Insight and Reflections Insight and Reflections Conclusions, Acknowledgement and References Conclusions, Acknowledgement and References 6 CONCLUSION For motivated independent study students, learning software engineering concepts such as version control and continuous integration will benefit them in their future studies. As demonstrated here, this content is accessible to students even at an early point in their computer science education. A special honors project or a supplemental one-credit-hour tools and techniques course taken as a corequisite to the traditional introduction to programming track could be a next step to further develop, scale, and generalize the material and unique format devised and embarked upon for this project. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge Loren Schwiebert at Wayne State University for his assistance, feedback, and advice throughout the development and implementation of this project. We would also like to acknowledge the JETSCAPE Collaboration [1] and GOMC [2] for providing the source repositories and applications on which our automated tests were developed. We also acknowledge LinkChecker [12], GitHub Actions HTML5 Validator [10], and svenkreiss/html5validator [11] as the marketplace and opensource utilities discussed and applied as part of this project. REFERENCES [1] JETSCAPE Website: https://jetscape.org. [2] GOMC - GPU-Optimized Monte Carlo Website: https://gomc-wsu.org. [3] Chib, Siddhartha, and Edward Greenberg. “Understanding the MetropolisHastings Algorithm.” The American Statistician, vol. 49, no. 4, 1995, pp. 327– 35. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2684568. Accessed 17 Aug. 2023. [4] Richard Glassey. 2019. Adopting Git/Github within Teaching: A Survey of Tool Support. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Global Computing Education (CompEd '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1145/3300115.3309518 [5] Yu-Cheng Tu, Valerio Terragni, Ewan Tempero, Asma Shakil, Andrew Meads, Nasser Giacaman, Allan Fowler, and Kelly Blincoe. 2022. GitHub in the Classroom: Lessons Learnt. In Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1145/3511861.3511879 [6] Lassi Haaranen and Teemu Lehtinen. 2015. Teaching Git on the Side: Version Control System as a Course Platform. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1145/2729094.2742608 [7] David S. Janzen and Hossein Saiedian. 2006. Test-driven learning: intrinsic integration of testing into the CS/SE curriculum. SIGCSE Bull. 38, 1 (March 2006), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1145/1124706.1121419 [8] B. P. Eddy et al., "A Pilot Study on Introducing Continuous Integration and Delivery into Undergraduate Software Engineering Courses," 2017 IEEE 30th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T), Savannah, GA, USA, 2017, pp. 47-56, doi: 10.1109/CSEET.2017.18. [9] Alex Radermacher and Gursimran Walia. 2013. Gaps between industry expectations and the abilities of graduates. In Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education (SIGCSE '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 525–530. https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445351 [10] HTML5 Validator - GitHub Marketplace: https://github.com/marketplace/actions/html5-validator. [11] GitHub - svenkreiss/html5validator: Command line tool to validate HTML5 files. Great for continuous integration.: 2022. https://github.com/svenkreiss/html5validator. [12] LinkChecker: 2022. https://pypi.org/project/LinkChecker/. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Building the Foundation: The Benefits of Early Software Engineering Education

Efficient Neural Network Approaches for Conditional Optimal Transport: Discussion and Reference

Prestidigitation! President Biden’s Energy Boom, the Sop to Cerberus, and Stein's Law

প্রেস্টিডিটেশন ! প্রেসিডেন্ট বিডেনের এনার্জি বুম, দ্য সোপ টু সার্বেরাস এবং স্টেইনের আইন

Taschenspielereien! Präsident Bidens Energieboom, die Beschwichtigung von Cerberus und Steins Gesetz

¡Prestidigitación! El auge energético del presidente Biden, la concesión a Cerberus y la ley de Stein

Prestidigitation! Le boom énergétique du président Biden, la solution à Cerberus et la loi de Stein

प्रेस्टीजिटेशन! राष्ट्रपति बिडेन की ऊर्जा उछाल, सेर्बेरस को रियायत, और स्टीन का नियम

手品！バイデン大統領のエネルギーブーム、ケルベロスへのご褒美、そしてスタインの法則

요술! 바이든 대통령의 에너지 붐, 케르베로스의 Sop, 그리고 스타인의 법칙

Prestidigitação! O boom energético do presidente Biden, o golpe para Cerberus e a lei de Stein

Престидигитация! Энергетический бум президента Байдена, подачка Церберу и закон Штейна

Prestijitasyon! Başkan Biden'ın Enerji Patlaması, Cerberus'a Sop ve Stein Yasası

Uy tín kỹ thuật số! Sự bùng nổ năng lượng của Tổng thống Biden, Sop to Cerberus và Định luật Stein

魔术！拜登总统的能源繁荣、塞伯鲁斯的贿赂和斯坦因定律

This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv Authors: (1) Joel Jang, CarperAI,University of Washington & Allen Institute for AI; (2) Seungone Kim, KAIST AI; (3) Yizhong Wang, University of Washington; (4) Jack Hessel, University of Washington; (5) Luke Zettlemoyer, Aleph Alpha; (6) Hannaneh Hajishirzi, University of Washington & Allen Institute for AI; (7) Yejin Choi, UC San Diego. 5 CONCLUSION Previous work has shown that adapting LLMs with RLHF helps them generate outputs that are preferred by humans over the supervised fine-tuned counterpart. However, recent work has also pointed out that simply training LLMs to abide by the preference of the general may result in ignoring individual preferences and values. In this work, we provide the first steps to tackle this issue by proposing Reinforcement Learning from Personalized Human Feedback as a multi-objective problem so that LLMs can be aligned to follow conflicting preferences. We propose a promising method called P-SOUPS that is able to composite models trained on single objectives on the fly during inference. We also highlight the scalability of P-SOUPS by showing that it scales linearly, instead of exponentially like the MORL baseline, with regards to the number of new preferences, which is required to provide true personalization to individual users. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Minyoung Hwang, Sungdong Kim, Tim Dettmers, Yoonjoo Lee, and Margaret Li for helpful feedback and discussion. REFERENCES Xiang Ao, Xiting Wang, Ling Luo, Ying Qiao, Qing He, and Xing Xie. PENS: A dataset and generic framework for personalized news headline generation. In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 82–92, Online, August 2021. Association for Computational Linguistics. doi: 10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.7. 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Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.05685, 2023. Yinhe Zheng, Guanyi Chen, Minlie Huang, Song Liu, and Xuan Zhu. Personalized dialogue generation with diversified traits. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.09672, 2019. Daniel M Ziegler, Nisan Stiennon, Jeffrey Wu, Tom B Brown, Alec Radford, Dario Amodei, Paul Christiano, and Geoffrey Irving. Fine-tuning language models from human preferences. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.08593, 2019. A DETAILS OF EVALUATION SETUP We use a modified version of the GPT4 annotation prompt used by Dubois et al. (2023). We modify the criteria to perform the pairwise evaluation from general to a single preference dimension. We also provide 3 demonstrations: one scenario where there is a tie because both responses do not contain any notion of the preference (e.g. both responses do not show any signs of friendliness), one scenario where there is a clear winner, and one scenario where they are both good, but one is better than the other. Simulated pairwise evaluation We recruited 24 crowd workers for our human evaluation. Figure 5 shows the interface used for human evaluation. We consider both the ‘Tie’ and ‘Both are bad’ options to be Ties. B CRITERIA-WISE EVALUATION The criteria-wise win rate (%) across all the methods are shown in Figure 6. The criteria-wise win rate was calculated by getting the average win-rate of the preference combinations that contained the specific preference dimension. For example, when calculating the criteria-wise win rate of ‘Elementary’, we got the average win-rate of the preference combinations that contained the ‘Elementary’ preference, which includes AAA, AAB, ABA, and ABB. C THE FULL LIST OF EVALUATION PROMPTS The full list of evaluation prompts used in our experiments are provided in Table 5 D DETAILED RESULTS FOR HUMAN EVALUATION AND GPT-4 EVALUATION We provide detailed results (win / loss / tie for each of the preference combinations for our main experimental results. Table 6 shows the GPT4 evaluation and Table 7 shows the human evaluation results. E EXAMPLES OF P-SOUPS TEXT GENERATIONS Table 8 shows empirical examples of the text generated from each preference combination of the 16 preference combination experiments for the same prompt.

Personalized Soups: LLM Alignment Via Parameter Merging - Conclusion & References

When faced with tough economic conditions, often look to reduce overheads to remain afloat. Given the high inflation and rising interest rates that played out globally in 2023, growth and expansion plans may have been put on hold. But despite the recent downturn, predictions for the year ahead are cautiously optimistic. A recent report from the (IMF) predicts that global economic growth is likely to remain at a steady 3.3% in 2024. business leaders International Monetary Fund Investing in brand and design is one of the most effective ways to remain resilient during an economic downturn, helping companies to stand out from the competition and win the trust of consumers. The most successful brand and are driven by highly skilled professionals with the skills and expertise to execute multifaceted strategies that resonate with audiences. design campaigns Here we present 15 examples of excellence in the field of brand and marketing that are helping companies to thrive in 2024. Hewlett Packard Enterprise Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) stands as a global leader in edge-to-cloud solutions, helping to revolutionize businesses worldwide. With a mission to facilitate seamless connectivity, robust protection, insightful analysis, and decisive action on data and applications from edge to cloud, HPE empowers enterprises to translate insights into tangible actions with unparalleled agility in today’s dynamic landscape. , serves as the Brand Strategy Manager for Hewlett Packard Enterprise. In his position at the helm of brand strategy, Askew orchestrates HPE’s strategic initiatives, ensuring the alignment of branding efforts with the company’s overarching mission and vision. With a keen understanding of market dynamics and consumer behavior, Askew plays a pivotal role in shaping HPE’s brand narrative and positioning in the industry, driving forward its legacy of innovation and transformation. Jeff Askew IBM is the Vice President of Brand Experience & Design at IBM and Lead for the IBM Blue Studio. He has been with this major tech firm since 2014 during which time Todd has played an instrumental role in marrying the design and software development disciplines, Todd Simmons The IBM Design Language provides the guidance and assets used to express the IBM brand in products, communications, marketing, events and digital experiences consistently and elevant user experiences. His work has contributed to IBM’s Quantum System Two, a winner of the 2023 Innovation by Design Awards. Todd’s work crosses nearly every category of creative output. He is outcome-obsessed, and his unique combination of creative and strategic thinking has been central to the many successful engagements he has led over the years. Todd believes that strong design is built on understanding which is why one of IBM’s key principles is to never delegate understanding. Global Brand at GSK Rowan Green is a distinguished professional serving as the Director of Brand Identity for Global Brand at GSK. Here, he plays a pivotal role in shaping the brand’s identity and strategy on a global scale. In addition to corporate responsibilities, Rowan generously volunteers his time as a student mentor at the University of Plymouth, contributing to the development and growth of future generations of professionals. With a wealth of experience spanning various sectors, Rowan has made significant contributions to renowned organizations such as the National Trust, Forestry England, Lisson Gallery, and the University of Oxford, among others. His extensive background underscores his expertise in brand development, design, and strategic leadership, making him a highly respected figure in the industry. Rowan Green’s dedication to both their professional endeavors and philanthropic pursuits exemplifies his commitment to excellence and community engagement. Feely Studio Feely Studio stands out as a dynamic entity, composed of a team of fervent designers dedicated to empowering startups and helping with their onward journey. Whether startups seek to elevate their marketing strategies, secure funding across various stages (from pre-seed to Series A), or allure top-tier talent, Feely offers specialized expertise in crafting impactful branding and marketing websites. At the helm of Feely Studio’s creative endeavors is Anastasia Sycheva, serving as both the Art Director and co-founder. With a blend of artistic vision and entrepreneurial spirit, Sycheva leads the team in delivering innovative design solutions tailored to meet the unique needs of each startup client, fostering their growth and success in the competitive landscape. Liberty Mutual Insurance With a legacy spanning over a century, Liberty Mutual Insurance has been a pioneer in developing innovative insurance solutions tailored to address the evolving needs of society. Their dedication to breaking away from conventional mindsets and exploring new territories within the industry is driven by a steadfast commitment to ensuring peace of mind for their customers. At the helm of Liberty Mutual’s creative endeavors is Michael Wood, who serves as the Executive Creative Director. With expertise in copywriting, storytelling, brand management, brand marketing, branding and identity, strategic thinking, and social media engagement, Wood leads the charge in crafting compelling narratives and strategic initiatives that redefine the insurance landscape. Under Wood’s guidance, Liberty Mutual continues to push boundaries, embracing innovation and customer-centricity to shape the future of insurance branding. Sanofi Consumer Healthcare Sanofi is an innovative global healthcare company on a mission to help people build toward a healthier future. The company uses consumer-inspired, science-based products and solutions that are creatively designed and simple to use to empower people to take an active role in their health. helps to further this mission with his reputation for delivering intelligent and carefully considered brand communication solutions, Joe Durkin works as Sanofi’s Head of Brand Design to further this mission. He has 20 years of success, helping companies create and promote their brands, design packaging and produce emotionally compelling consumer experiences. Joe Durkin SAP SAP develops enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. The company is the world’s leading enterprise resource planning software vendor with a global network of customers, partners, employees, and thought leaders. SAP offers an end-to-end suite of applications and services enables its customers to operate profitably, adapt continuously, and make a difference worldwide. is the VP of Creative Enablement, Brand Awareness and Marketing at SAP. During her time at SAP she strategically developed and transformed the SAP brand to be more open, approachable and relevant for all-sized businesses. Resulted in year-over-year brand growth and consistent placement in the top 25 of Interbrand’s Best Global Brands study. Laura Johnson Takeda At Takeda, the overarching mission is to foster better health for individuals and a brighter future for the world. Rooted in enduring values, their commitment to advancing science and technology remains unwavering. The company’s ambition is to continuously deliver transformative treatments, thereby generating significant societal value while prioritizing an exceptional experience for its people. serves as the driving force behind Creative and Corporate Brand Engagement at Takeda. His multifaceted role encompasses various responsibilities aimed at nurturing a vibrant brand community within the organization and facilitating seamless communication of branding updates and changes. McArdle ensures that global corporate materials and assets are promptly updated to reflect high-level organizational changes, collaborating closely with stakeholders across the organization to ensure accurate dissemination of content. Maxwell McArdle FINIEN FINIEN, a purposefully small consultancy, is spearheaded by brand strategist, entrepreneur, and best-selling author Fabian Geyrhalter. Their mission is to empower Chief Marketing Officers (CMOs) and founders navigating brand transformations by offering swift strategic, verbal, and visual clarity to reposition their brands for growth. With a focus on companies based in the US or Europe, their clientele typically generates a minimum of $5 million in revenue. At the helm of FINIEN’s creative endeavors is Jessie (Campbell) Irving, serving as the Creative Director. With an illustrious career trajectory, Irving earned her title after 22 years of dedicated service, succeeding Geyrhalter in the role. As a highly creative and strategic leader, she is entrusted with designing and driving the creative direction and execution of brand transformations across various platforms and mediums, catering to both B2B and B2C audiences. Trellix Trellix pioneers an evolutionary XDR architecture that dynamically learns and adjusts to the pace of cyber threats, offering intelligence on advanced cyber threats. Their innovative approach to security is revolutionizing the industry, providing businesses with the assurance that they are safeguarded at all times. Wesley Porter, a seasoned Graphic Design graduate from Kansas State University, boasts over 25 years of exemplary creative experience. Having honed his skills at renowned agencies like MMGY, TracyLocke, TPN, and Integer, Porter has garnered numerous awards for his work with multiple Global 500 brands. Currently, he serves as the Director of Brand Design + Creative at Trellix, where his extensive expertise drives innovative branding solutions. Through his leadership, Trellix continues to establish itself as a leader in the realm of cybersecurity, offering clients peace of mind and unparalleled protection through strategic brand design initiatives. Medtronic , Communications Director for Cranial and Spinal Technologies at Medtronic, brings a wealth of expertise in executing strategic communication campaigns, change management initiatives, and digital strategies. With a demonstrated track record of delivering measurable results for executive leaders, internal and external audiences, and key stakeholders, Greenberg plays a vital role in shaping Medtronic’s communication landscape. Through her strategic vision and effective communication strategies, she helps to amplify the impact of Medtronic’s innovative solutions, driving positive change in healthcare worldwide. Rita Greenberg Medtronic stands as a global leader in healthcare technology, boldly tackling humanity’s most challenging health issues with transformative innovations that improve lives. The Future Forward Inc. The Future Forward stands out as a prominent creative agency based in NYC, dedicated to empowering brands to wield greater influence through the seamless integration of strategy, design, and technology. Their name encapsulates their philosophy – they are committed to helping teams envision a positive future and actively contribute to its realization. Rad Bratich, serving as the Creative Director, brings his expertise to the forefront of The Future Forward’s creative endeavors. With a keen eye for innovation and a passion for pushing boundaries, Bratich leads the team in crafting compelling narratives and transformative experiences that resonate with audiences. Under his guidance, The Future Forward continues to drive positive change and shape the future of branding and design. Watson Creative Watson Creative stands out as a research-based creative studio specializing in empowering challenger brands. Their portfolio proudly showcases collaborations with industry giants such as Nike, Disney, and Kaiser Permanente, serving as a testament to their prowess in driving transformation and fostering growth. While their focus primarily centers on mid to large businesses, Watson Creative remains open to partnering with startups and small businesses alike. Jennifer Crotteau, serving as the COO/Integrator, plays a pivotal role in orchestrating Watson Creative’s operations and ensuring seamless integration across all facets of the organization. With a keen eye for strategic execution and operational efficiency, Crotteau contributes to the studio’s continued success in delivering impactful solutions to their diverse clientele. Under her leadership, Watson Creative continues to push boundaries and elevate brands to new heights in the competitive landscape. Cisco Systems Cisco empowers individuals to forge powerful connections, whether in business, education, philanthropy, or creativity. Through its hardware, software, and services, Cisco enables the creation of Internet solutions that underpin networks, facilitating access to information anywhere, anytime. serves as the Director of Global Creative Operations at Cisco Systems, Inc. In her role, she plays a pivotal role in overseeing and optimizing the creative operations globally. With a keen focus on ensuring efficiency and excellence in creative processes, Fedele contributes to Cisco’s mission of enabling seamless connectivity and driving innovation across various domains. Under her leadership, Cisco continues to lead the way in creating transformative solutions that empower individuals and organizations worldwide. Lisa Fedele AbbVie AbbVie, a global biopharmaceutical company, emerged in 2013 following its separation from Abbott. With a mission centered on leveraging its expertise, dedicated workforce, and innovative approach, AbbVie aims to develop and market advanced therapies addressing some of the world’s most complex and severe diseases. serves as the Associate Director of Corporate Brand at AbbVie, overseeing brand strategy and governance across a workforce of over 50,000 employees worldwide. Rathmann’s dedication to creating impactful brand experiences, aligned with business objectives and resonant with diverse audiences, is evident in her leadership. She possesses a proven track record of spearheading cross-functional teams, fostering strong relationships and communities, and cultivating a culture of innovation, collaboration, and excellence within AbbVie. Abbie Rathmann This article was originally published by on Emily Branch The Sociable.

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