GlossAI, bridges the gap between the content organizations create, and the way people consume it today. Today’s audiences don’t have the attention span to listen to anything for too long. Even people participating in events, podcasts, training sessions, and zoom calls can’t take it all in. At GlossAI we get that, and have created a smart AI content generator that can turn any single piece of content into many short videos for various channels and use cases. From summaries and highlights, to trailers, social media snippets, micro learning segments, and even funniest moment clips, GlossAI turns impossibly long, but highly valuable existing content, into videos that create engagement. And we don’t merely rely on text analysis. We train our AI to analyze text, tone, pace, facial expressions, and audience engagement using over 0.5 billion articles and data items, to achieve human-like editing in near-real time. Our state-of-the-art platform, adds the finishing touches to smart, storified outputs, creating high-quality ready to share videos that today’s audiences will view.

Glossai

Analyzing the sexual impulse

Is this you 👆? You didn’t do CompSci so now you’re the court jester, rapidly trying to scale knowledge in the __ __the world has ever seen? Take a breath. Here’s a post going back to basics where you can ask “ and not feel judged. fastest-moving industry a really dumb question” A Small Glossary of LLM Terms for Those Learning — More than meets the eye…A type of model used in machine learning, especially for handling sequences of data like text or audio. It’s good at understanding the in sentences and can be used for translating languages, summarizing text, or generating chatbot responses. Transformer context It’s like a huge database of language knowledge that can write articles, answer questions, or create realistic dialogues. Large Language Model (LLM) — A Transformer is a technique used in AI for processing language. An LLM is a big AI model for language tasks, often built using the Transformer technique. — The part of a computer system or software that allows users to interact with it. Think of it as the front-end of a program where you type in your question or command, and the program responds. Interface — In AI, this means using a trained model to make predictions or decisions. For example, after training a model to recognize cats in pictures, inference is when the model looks at a new picture and decides whether there’s a cat in it.🐈‍⬛ Inference — A way of training machines where you give the model examples with answers. Like showing a program lots of pictures of cats and telling it ‘This is a cat’ so it learns what cats look like. Supervised Learning — Training a machine without giving it the answers. The model looks at data and tries to find patterns or groups on its own. For example, it might sort different types of music into genres without being told the genre names. ( Unsupervised Learning heeeyo) — Teaching machines through trial and error. The machine makes choices in a situation and gets rewards or penalties based on whether its choices are good or bad, learning over time to make better decisions ( Reinforcement Learning or to become resentful and secretive) — Designed to work a bit like a human brain. It consists of lots of small units (like brain cells) that work together to process information and solve problems. Neural Network Creating an LLM Gathering your Data Start by collecting a wide variety of text data. This could include books, online articles, or data from databases. The more diverse your data, the better your LLM will be at understanding different aspects of language. Kaggle has great data for ML and data science projects. Check out Australian local and . Kaggle grandmaster Jeremy Howard often hosts datasets published by researchers and developers. Good place to search. GitHub Worth mentioning - Google Scholar for datasets related to papers + gov sites Preprocessing Data Now, This step is about fixing errors, removing parts that aren’t useful, and organizing them so your AI can learn from them effectively. clean this data. Considerations How will you handle missing values, fix formatting issues, deal with duplicate data? Choosing a Model Architecture Model architecture is essentially the design or structure of the model, acting as the blueprint guiding how the AI processes information. Transformer architecture is particularly tailored to handle sequential data like text, focusing on understanding the context within the data, and we’ll stick with that for today. Training the Model Feed the prepared data into your AI model. This is where your AI starts learning the intricacies of language. Training can be time and resource-consuming, especially with lots of data. (This is where I’d like to mention my buddies at , the podcast coming soon) Unsloth Testing and Refining After the training, evaluate how well your AI understands and generates language. Depending on the results, you might need to adjust and retrain to enhance its performance. Running the LLM Now, how do you run the beast? Instead of building an LLM from scratch, you can use to access models already trained on crazy amounts of data. You can run these models either on their cloud service or download them to run locally on your machine. Hugging Face Regardless of your choice, the key is to have a trained LLM model whether through the internet or directly on your computer. and the means to interact with it, This is part one in a series of posts aimed at reducing the barrier of understanding and adoption of open-source AI. I write and produce podcasts over here- (un)supervised Learning Other links here https://linktr.ee/Unsupervisedlearning Also published here

LLMs for Dummies - Walkthrough Guide and Glossary

ডামিদের জন্য এলএলএম - ওয়াকথ্রু গাইড এবং গ্লোসারি

LLMs für Dummies – Komplettlösung und Glossar

LLM para principiantes: guía paso a paso y glosario

LLM pour les nuls – Guide pas à pas et glossaire

डमीज़ के लिए एलएलएम - वॉकथ्रू गाइड और शब्दावली

初心者のための LLM - ウォークスルー ガイドと用語集

초보자를 위한 LLM - 연습 가이드 및 용어집

LLMs for Dummies: guia passo a passo e glossário

LLM для чайников: пошаговое руководство и глоссарий

Yeni Başlayanlar için Yüksek Lisans (LLM) - Çözüm Kılavuzu ve Sözlük

LLM dành cho người mới bắt đầu - Hướng dẫn từng bước và Bảng thuật ngữ

法学硕士傻瓜 - 演练指南和术语表

The critical problem any beginner faces in the Web3 space is the new terms in Web3 and their crisp and precise meaning. Because so many new terms in the Web3 space can confuse beginners, someone interested in starting in the Web3 space may not even start it. The entire focus of this blog is to provide clear and crisp meaning to beginners who want to enter the Web3 space and understand Web3 terms. I have covered everything which I felt any beginner would question, and here we go - — Cryptocurrency A digital currency works as a medium of exchange on blockchain technology. The transactions and records are verified and maintained by a decentralized network using cryptography. Crypto Coins — Crypto Coins are the native asset of blockchains, like Bitcoin has a BTC coin, and Ethereum has an ETH coin. Stable Coin — It is a cryptocurrency designed to offer stable prices. The functionality of the stablecoin can be pegged to another asset. For example, if it’s pegged to the US dollar, then the price of the stablecoin will be $1. — Shitcoin Shitcoin refers to a cryptocurrency that holds no immediate value. It often refers to an altcoin, and its diminished value reflects that the investor was not interested in investing. Crypto Tokens — Crypto Tokens are built on applications that are built on existing blockchains. Numerous tokens can be created on the existing blockchain technology. You can find different kinds of tokens on applications or games which can be exchanged with coins, achieving certain numbers. Airdrops — It is a marketing strategy for new projects by giving out free tokens to the community for a small task like retweeting a post by the company. Fungible Token — It is a token with interchangeable properties as it is non-unique. A fungible token can also be cryptocurrency. Block — The data is stored and encrypted inside the blockchain blocks. Genesis Block — The Genesis Block is the first ever recorded block on its blockchain, like Bitcoin, on and had a reward of 50 BTC. 3rd January 2009 Blockchain — An immutable digital ledger that tracks, records, and maintains transactions across peer-to-peer networks. Bitcoin — A decentralized cryptocurrency that doesn’t rely on any central bank but works on a Consensus mechanism called Proof of Work (PoW) and runs on blockchain technology. Altcoins — It is a short form of alternative coins, referring to all cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin. Creator Economy — A set of people made up of creators, curators, and community builders who will be able to monetize their content. Ethereum — It is a decentralized and open-source blockchain utilizing Smart Contracts functionality, powered by blockchain technology. Ether (ETH) — The native cryptocurrency of the ecosystem, which can be bought, sold, or exchanged on cryptocurrency exchanges. Ethereum Slashing — Slashing refers to the penalty mechanism in the blockchain. For example, in the Ethereum blockchain, if the validator gets inactive and performs any malicious activity, then slashing occurs on the validator. Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC) — It is a technical document used by smart contract developers to set token rules in the Ethereum ecosystem. ERC-20 — It is a technical standard for Fungible tokens created on the Ethereum blockchain, which means all fungible tokens hold the same property. ERC-721 — It is a free and open standard describing how to build Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on the Ethereum blockchain. ERC-1155 — It is a Multi-Token standard, which means it holds the functions of both ERC-20 and ERC-721, thereby correcting their errors and improving functionalities. Consensus Mechanism — The consensus mechanism is the complete set of protocols, ideas, and incentives to enable a set of nodes for the state of a blockchain. L1 / Layer 1 — Layer 1 is called base blockchain or on-chain network. Layer 1 acts as an ecosystem of the blockchain network, which means they can process and complete transactions on their blockchain ecosystem. Some examples are Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Solana (SOL) L2 / Layer 2 — Layer2 is also referred to as an off-chain network built on the existing blockchain to enhance its efficiency and scalability. Some of the transaction loads are transferred to Layer 2 to adjust the architecture of the existing blockchain. Some examples are Polygon on Ethereum (ETH) and on Bitcoin (BTC) work as a Layer 2. Lightning Network Proof of Stake (PoS) — Proof of Stake (PoS) is a consensus mechanism that selects participants known as validators. The validators need to stake cryptocurrency, then validators get the chance to validate blocks and earn rewards. Proof of Work (PoW) — To validate the blocks on the blockchain, complex computational mathematical equations should be solved, requiring high computing power by using physical devices like computers. Mining — Mining is the process of generating new coins and verifying transactions like Bitcoin. Mining requires computers to solve computational problems which secure the blockchain and award coins. Hashing — Hashing/Hash is the common term for blockchain technology. It refers to transforming input data of any length to a fixed size. It is a one-way cryptographic function that prevents fraud, double spending, and storing passwords. Hash Rate — Hash Rate refers to the combined computational power required for mining and processing transactions under the Proof of Work (PoW) Consensus Mechanism such as Bitcoin. Node — A Node runs on the blockchain applications to validate transactions and store the complete transactions on the network. Light Node — The Light Node is sometimes called a Node or a Regular Node. The Light Node is the primary computing device to support the blockchain network, like miners are the nodes in the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism. Full Node — Full Node can perform the activities done by Light Node, and it holds a copy of the blockchain ledger, like blockchain transactions. Further, it verifies and downloads all the transaction data, thus increasing network security. Master Node — The Master Node only verifies the block and does not add them to the blockchain. It has different roles like managing, regulatory, and governing depending on the blockchain protocol. The first protocol was which was added to the Master Node in March 2014. Dash Crypto Wallet — An application that can be installed on Computers or Smartphones that stores the public or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions, NFTs, and digital signing information. Private Key — The private key holds a string of letters and numbers and should be kept as safe as it works as a password to unlock your crypto wallet. Public Key — The public key is the address of the cryptocurrency wallet. With the address, one can only send the cryptocurrency to the person. No one can withdraw or login into the person’s account. Burning Crypto — Burning Crypto is used when the company permanently removes a number of tokens from circulation. Further, the tokens are transferred to a wallet address to burn the tokens, which means they cannot be ever retrieved. — Hot Wallet It is a form of digital storage and can be accessed through a computer or mobile phone. Hot Wallets are usually free but not secure from hackers. Cold Wallet — It is a form of cold storage like a physical device, mostly USB drives, which can keep cryptocurrencies fully offline. Cold wallets generally cost between $50 to $200, and there is no backup if you lose access to your investments. Seed Phrase — A Seed Phrase is the random words generated by the Crypto Wallet when you sign up for the first time. Seed Phrase is a Master key for the Crypto wallet and must be recorded offline to protect it from hackers. Wallet address — The Wallet address refers to a random string of characters connected to the Crypto Wallet. The wallet owner can receive cryptocurrency transactions with the help of a wallet address. Decentralization — The transfer of power, such as decision-making and control, from a centralized authority like an individual, organization, or government to distributed networks. Decentralized Apps (DApps) — An application that will run on blockchain technology autonomously using smart contracts. Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) — A group controlled by its members represented by rules and not controlled by any central government. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) — Through the use of smart contracts on a public blockchain, it enables peer-to-peer financial services without being dependent on intermediaries such as exchanges or banks. Total Value Locked (TVL) — The Total Value Locked (TVL) measures the total assets locked in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) protocols which includes all the coins and includes functions like lending, staking, and liquidity pools. Distributed Ledger — A ledger shared and synchronized digital data maintained in a decentralized form spread across multiple countries, institutions, or websites without any central authority. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) — It is a digital system for verifying transactions with the help of nodes; those transaction details are recorded in numerous places without any support from the central authority. — Metaverse Metaverse is a part of Web3, an evolving concept of 3D virtual reality where people can interact with anyone and anything in the form of Avatar, where they can feel the virtual world. Digital Twin — A 3D virtual image similar to the real world. Avatar — Avatar is the user’s virtual identity in Games, Virtual Reality, or Metaverse. — MetaMask A cryptocurrency wallet that is available as a mobile application and a chrome extension, which further interacts with the Ethereum blockchain by providing features like secure login, token wallet, key vault, and token exchange. Machine Learning — A set of algorithms that can enhance itself through data and experience without human intervention. Artificial Intelligence (AI) — A computer system that can perform different tasks using Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Natural Language Understanding (NLU), which require human intelligence and understanding. Augmented Reality (AR) — The actual world is transformed into 3D computer-generated images through the support of technology like Goggles, Smartphones, Visors, and Glasses and is a part of Metaverse. Mixed Reality (MR) — The merge of two realms, like Physical and virtual worlds, creating new environments and visualizations where users can interact with anyone. Extended Reality (ER) — An immersive experience created through the combination of physical and virtual reality from the use of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), or any similar technologies. Virtual Currency — It is an electronic form for digital representations of currency. Virtual currencies are primarily unregulated. They come with benefits like faster transactions and ease of use, but on the other hand, they can be hacked. Virtual Economy — It is an economic system within a virtual environment where goods can be bought, sold, or traded through virtual currency in the context of online games. Virtual Reality (VR) — It is a simulated 3D virtual environment where the users can explore and interact with virtual surroundings through their senses, which feel approximately reality. Web3 — Web3 embraces decentralization and puts the power in the hands of individuals rather than a web controlled by large technology companies. — GameFi The combination of words of Game and Finance (GameFi) which is also referred to as play-to-earn (P2E) games. Gas Fee — A fee that is charged for executing a transaction or a contract on the blockchain platform. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) — It is a unique digital identifier that includes cryptographic assets and metadata on the blockchain, which helps distinguish it from another. Further, it can’t be copied or substituted once recorded on the blockchain. Minting — Minting is the term used when one mints NFTs which means entering metadata on the blockchain technology like NFT platforms, so no one can claim any creator asset as data has been recorded on the blockchain technology. Open Platform — The Open Platform is based on open standards where developers can build their applications or services by being on the Open Platform. Permissionless Blockchain — It is a decentralized network and open to the public, meaning there is no requirement for Know your Customers (KYC), censorship, or gatekeepers. Anyone can use the network until the protocol allows it. Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP) — It works as an badge which reflects that you were part of an event that happened in either the physical or virtual world. NFT Smart Assets — It is a virtual currency token representing either a physical asset or any virtual asset defined by smart contracts on the blockchain network. — Smart Contracts A self-executing contract executed by a code between the terms of an agreement between the buyer and the seller. Solidity — Solidity is an object-oriented programming language designed to create smart contracts and runs specifically on Ethereum. Cryptography — The practice of encoding and decoding data for secure communication. Hash Function — The process of generating value from a list of numbers through a mathematical function is called a Hash Function. Transaction Hash (Txn Hash) — A unique identifier is generated when a transaction is made. The Transaction Hash can track the status of the transaction made. InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) — A protocol that stores and shares data through a peer-to-peer network via the distributed file system. Trustless — Trustless means no single authority holds complete control; the consensus mechanism is achieved without trusting any single participant. Chain Link — Chainlink is a decentralized oracle network that provides reliable and real-world data to support smart contracts on blockchain technology. Side Chain — The Side Chain is a separate blockchain ecosystem that connects with the main/parent blockchain to increase security and privacy and reduce additional trust required to maintain a network. Blockchain Bridge — It works as a bridge to connect the two blockchain ecosystems, which further facilitates communication between two blockchains and the transfer of assets and information. — Hard Fork The Hard Fork lacks backward compatibility, which means the old version follows the old set of rules, and the new version follows the new rules on the blockchain. Soft Fork — The Soft Fork is backward compatible with the older versions and is a safer alternative. Fiat Money — Fiat Money is issued by the government and is not backed by any commodity like gold or silver. Fiat Money is backed by the relationship between supply and demand and the relationship with the government. Liquidity — Liquidity in cryptocurrencies means how easily a coin or token can be converted into digital assets or cash. Liquidity Pool — The Liquidity Pool refers to the digital assets locked in the smart contract, which results in liquidity for faster transactions. Automated Market Makers (AMMs), a Liquidity Pool component, allow digital asset trading automatically. Testnet — The Testnet describes when a protocol is not developed fully and is tested by developers to test the protocol features before launching for the Mainnet launch. Mainnet — The Mainnet is the term that means the cryptocurrencies broadcasted, verified, and recorded, and its protocol has been deployed on blockchain technology. — Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is a decentralized communication model network between two nodes; those two nodes can communicate without the help of a central server. Protocol — The Protocols are the rules required for the infrastructure of the blockchain, which allows digital assets to be securely exchanged on the internet. Scalability — Scalability refers to the transaction speed of the cryptocurrencies. Sharding — The Sharding is a process of splitting the blockchain ecosystem into smaller portions known as “Shards.” The splitting is done to enhance the scalability and transaction speed of the blockchain ecosystem. SHA-256 — It is one of the hashing algorithms used by various cryptocurrencies. The full form of SHA is the Secure Hash Algorithm. The SHA generates a 256-bit digest of messages. Bear Market — It is a time when prices of cryptocurrencies start falling and a difficult time to trade in. Bull Market — It is a time when prices of cryptocurrencies are rising, market confidence rises, and investors start buying. Block explorer — It is a blockchain search engine providing any information related to the blockchain. Market Capitalization / Market Cap — Market Capitalization means the total value of all the cryptocurrencies that have been mined. Market Capitalization is an estimation of the stability of cryptocurrencies. Loved my content? You can reach out to me at web3mastermayur@gmail.com if you are looking for a Web3 content writer Also published here

The Definitive Web3 Glossary (2022)

USDA Farmers' Bulletin No. 2277: Computers on the Farm, by Deborah Takiff Smith is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here .
 Glossary of Computer Terms Glossary of Computer Terms Listed below are some of the shorthand or jargon terms in the computer field. Understanding these terms will help you discuss hardware and software systems and their operation. A number specifying a particular location in the computer's memory. ADDRESS: : A relatively easy-to-use computer language that comes with most small and personal computer systems. BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) The speed at which information is exchanged over communications lines, generally expressed in characters per second. 300 baud is the most common rate. It is equivalent to 30 characters per second. BAUD RATE: A two-digit numbering system based on the digits 0 and 1. It is the basis for calculations on all computers, and the basis for storing and retrieving information, including alphabet characters. BINARY: The smallest unit of information the computer recognizes. A bit is represented by the presence or absence of an electronic pulse, 0 or 1. BIT: A fault or error in a computer program. BUG: A byte is composed of several bits, and is used to represent one character—such as a letter, number, or punctuation mark. The older microcomputer systems used 8 bits per byte, but the newer ones are based on 16 or 32 bits per byte. BYTE: A thin silicon wafer on which electronic components are deposited lithographically in the form of integrated circuits. CHIP: : A high-level programing language widely used in business applications. COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) : Two or more computers that are connected so they can exchange information. COMPUTER NETWORK : A collection of instructions that together direct the computer to perform a particular function. COMPUTER PROGRAM : A popular operating system for small computers. CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) : The part of the computer that controls and organizes the operations of the other parts of the computer and does the calculations. CPU (Central Processing Unit) « 35 » : A video screen that can be used for viewing output. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) : The information, such as numbers or letters, that are put into the computer system. DATA : To remove the errors in a computer program. DEBUG : A program for detecting and isolating a problem or mistake in the computer system; features that allow systems or equipment to self-test for flaws. DIAGNOSTIC : A revolving plate on which data and programs are stored. Also called DISKETTE. DISK : A part of the computer system that reads and writes material on the disk. It can be part of the main hardware or a peripheral attached to the system. DISK DRIVE : 1. The instruction manual for a program (software) or piece of hardware. 2. The process of describing a computer program so others using the program can see how it works. DOCUMENTATION : Any time a computer is not available or not working because of a machine fault or failure. Downtime includes repair delay time, repair time, and machine-spoiled work time. DOWNTIME : To change or add data to an existing document or program. EDIT : A small, flexible storage device made of magnetic material. It looks like a soft phonograph record and is usually 5¼ inches or 8 inches in diameter. FLOPPY DISK : A computer language widely used to solve scientific and engineering problems, mainly for large commercial systems. FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) : Meaningless information. GARBAGE : A printout on paper of information from the computer. HARD COPY : All the physical parts of the computer system, including the computer itself, the input and output equipment and peripherals, and the physical disk or tape equipment. (The computer programs are software.) HARDWARE : The data that are put into the computer, or the process of putting it in. INPUT : A group of bits that designates a specific computer operation. INSTRUCTION : An electronic circuit or combination of circuits contained on semiconductor material, or chip. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT : A computer system that allows two-way communication between the user and the computer. INTERACTIVE « 36 » : A piece of equipment used to connect two parts of a computer system that cannot interact directly with each other. INTERFACE : A measure of computer memory capacity. Each K of information is 1,024 bytes. K (kilobyte) : To put data or programs into a computer. LOAD : A recording device used to store programs and data. It resembles audio tape used in tape recorders. MAGNETIC TAPE : That part of the computer that stores information. Also, the external material, such as floppy disks, hard disks, or cassette tapes that store information. MEMORY : A small computer in which the CPU is an integrated circuit deposited on a silicon chip. MICROCOMPUTER : A silicon chip that is the central, controlling part of the computer. MICROPROCESSOR : A computer that is usually larger, more powerful, and more expensive than a microcomputer, but is smaller than a mainframe in memory and functions. MINICOMPUTER : A device used to attach a computer or one of its devices to a communication line, often a telephone. MODEM (MODulator/ DEModulator) : A special group of programs which controls the overall operation of a computer system. It mediates between the hardware and the particular software program. OPERATING SYSTEM : The information generated by a computer. OUTPUT : A device, such as a CRT, disk drive, or printer, used for entering or storing data into, or retrieving it from, the computer system. PERIPHERAL : An output device to print the information from a computer. PRINTER : A set of coded instructions directing a computer to perform a particular function. PROGRAM : A special language of words and rules that is used to write programs so the computer can understand them. PROGRAMING LANGUAGE : The portion of the computer's memory in which data, instructions, and other information are stored temporarily. Also called read-write memory. RAM (Random Access Memory) : The portion of the computer's memory that contains information and instructions that are stored permanently. This memory cannot be altered or added to. ROM (Read Only Memory) « 37 » : A material such as silicon with a conductivity between that of a metal and an insulator. It is used in the manufacture of solid-state devices such as diodes, transistors, and the complex integrated circuits that comprise computer logic circuits. SEMICONDUCTOR : A general term for computer programs, procedural rules, and sometimes the documentation involved in the operation of a computer. SOFTWARE : The computer and all its related components, including hardware and software, that work together. SYSTEM : A peripheral device through which information is entered into or extracted from the computer, usually with a keyboard and an output device such as a CRT or printer. TERMINAL : A method by which more than one person can use a computer at the same time at separate terminals. TIMESHARING : A computer system that has all hardware and software installed. Supposedly, all you have to do is turn it on. TURNKEY SYSTEM : Typing, editing, storing, and printing text with a computer. WORD PROCESSING The mention of commercial products, services, or companies does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. If additional computer services of interest to the agricultural community are available, we would be glad to consider them for inclusion in possible revisions of this bulletin. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Smith, Deborah Takiff. 2019. USDA Farmers: Bulletin No. 2277: Computer on the Farm. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved May 2022 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/59316/59316-h/59316-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

Computers on the Farm: Glossary of Computer Terms

. Biodun used to be a bagholder, but he FOMO’d and bought more ETH. Currently, he is a big whale HODLing for the next moon Don't be surprised if that didn't make sense to you. It didn't make sense to me at first when I started in the world of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. You just needed an exchange to buy any crypto you want, but you needed a new set of language skills to . Because I wanted to be a Technical writer, I had to go the extra mile to learn the language of crypto for me communicate like an expert in their community. talk crypto But as a newbie just engaging with a crypto community, you don't need to go through what I did. Luckily for you, I have compiled a list of some of the most popular words that cryptocurrency enthusiasts and newbies need to familiarize themselves with for smooth communication and transactions. They are: All-Time High & All-Time Low An All-Time High refers to the highest price that an asset has achieved on exchange for the current trading pair that is being referenced. An All-Time Low is the lowest price that a cryptocurrency has achieved on an exchange for the current trading pair that is being referenced. Binance Academy notes that if a share of stock in XZY Corp trades at $20 per share before falling to $10 in a certain period, we could say that the “All-Time High” for the XZY Corp was $20. Altcoin . From the second-most popular coin, Ethereum, to any of the thousands of coins in the crypto space, altcoins are very important. This is because altcoins marked an era of maturity within the crypto industry due to their wide use cases. Examples are Litecoin, Zugacoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dogecoin, and more. An altcoin is any coin that isn't Bitcoin Address An address is a long string of characters representing a wallet that can send and receive cryptocurrency. It is like a contact address or a home address, although it denotes the location of a wallet that can receive and send cryptocurrency on the blockchain. Blockchain addresses can either be public or private. Public means that you can see the transactions climb in and out of the wallet and the total value of that wallet. Private means that those transactions and assets are locked up. Airdrop This is the distribution of a cryptocurrency coin or token to a huge number of wallets. They are often associated with the launch of a new cryptocurrency, primarily as a way of gaining attention and new followers, resulting in a larger user base. Bitcoin This is the first cryptocurrency that was launched in January 2009. It is a digital currency that operates free from banks and the government. Bitcoin works with a decentralized system where anyone can send and receive money online without the restrictions of a bank or the central government. Blockchain Blockchain technology is a structure that stores transactional records—the block—of the public in several databases—the chain—in a network that is connected through peer-to-peer nodes, commonly referred to as a 'digital ledger.’ Simply put, it is a digital form of record-keeping that is a result of sequentially arranging blocks on each other, creating an unchangeable ledger of data. Bagholder This refers to someone that’s holding onto a cryptocurrency that has plummeted in price—even to the point where it has become worthless. Bullish and Bearish. Being bullish means you are confident that prices will go higher from where they are. Being bearish is the opposite of being bullish; you think prices will trade lower from where they currently are. Bullish traders will look to take long positions, while bearish traders will look to take short positions. Buy the dip (BTD) Buying the dip, or BTD means purchasing a cryptocurrency after its price has dropped. Buying the dip represents buying a coin at a lower price, hoping that it will rise again in the future. Coins These are the stores of value on a cryptocurrency or a given blockchain. Buying a coin means buying a product on a blockchain network. Cryptocurrency This is a 21st-century language coined from two words: cryptography and currency. Cryptocurrency is a digital currency where transactions are verified and records are maintained by a decentralized system using cryptography rather than by a centralized authority. Decentralization. This is the process of distributing power across various networks. Blockchain is naturally decentralized because the ability to make changes is not tied to a bank or a central authority like most fiat currencies. DeFi This is a broad term referring to financial services and products that are available to anyone with an internet connection. DApps. DApp is short for "decentralized applications." DApps are applications, tools, or programs that work on the decentralized Ethereum blockchain. A decentralized application is an application that is run by many users on a decentralized network. Ethereum Ethereum is a software platform that is based on a blockchain and can be used for sending and receiving value with its native cryptocurrency, ether, without any third-party interference. Ethereum was designed to expand the utility of cryptocurrencies by allowing developers to create their own special applications called Ethereum-based applications, or dApps. It was first proposed in 2013 by Russian-Canadian computer programmer Vitalik Buterin. Exchange. An exchange is a digital marketplace where you can buy or sell cryptocurrencies. FOMO This stands for Fear of Missing Out. It refers to the sense of urgency to buy a cryptocurrency when everyone else is talking about it. Gas. "Gas" refers to the cost of performing a transaction on the Ethereum network. The price of gas is based on supply and demand for the computational power of the network needed to process smart contracts and other transactions. HODL. This stands for "Hold On for Dear Life." This is an investment strategy where people buy and hold cryptocurrencies for a long time in the hopes that they will increase in value. It was initially a typographical error in a . Bitcoin forum KYC This stands for "Know Your Customer" or "Know Your Client." KYC refers to the verification of a user’s identity. Cryptocurrency exchanges use KYC not only to verify a trader’s identity but also to comply with regulations and keep their marketplaces safe. Market cap "Market cap" is short for market capitalization and refers to the total value of a specific cryptocurrency. It is calculated by multiplying a coin’s current price by the circulating supply. Moon This is a belief that a particular cryptocurrency is going upwards under the current market conditions. A common cryptocurrency slang term is “to the moon,” meaning that a certain cryptocurrency is soon going to rise significantly in price. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) or NFTs are unique, one-of-one cryptographic assets that have special identification codes built within them. According to , they are a record of ownership of a digital asset. Non-fungible tokens Odyssey Pump and dump. Pump-and-dump schemes involve a group of investors and social media celebrities making up false information, rumours and claims. The goal of a pump-and-dump is to entice investors to buy, inflate the price, and then sell, causing the currency’s value to fall. REKT. This simply means wrecked. It occurs when you lose all or most of your money while trading cryptocurrencies. Stable Coins. These are coins that are tied to the value of a fiat currency like the US Dollar. Their prices do not naturally fluctuate like other coins. Stop Loss and Take Profit. A stop-loss (SL) is a price limit entered by a crypto trader. When the price limit is reached, the open position will be closed in order to avoid further losses. A take profit (TP) works similarly—it automatically closes a position once a profit target is reached to lock in profits. Stop Losses can limit losses. Take Profits allows the user to maximize profits by exiting a trade as soon as the market price is favorable. Whale A whale is someone who . This is usually 5% or more of the total supply. owns a significant amount of cryptocurrency Wallet A wallet is a physical or digital place where you store cryptocurrency holdings. Cryptocurrency wallets may either be hot (online, software-based) or cold (offline, usually on a device). Conclusion These are the cryptocurrency terms you need to understand as a newbie. This is a relatively new space so there may be more that find their way to the online space. When that happens, I will be there to decode more for you. No need to FOMO, keep watch for that moon! If you loved this article, give it a heart. Let’s have coffee together here.

Crypto A to Z: Cryptocurrency Glossary

This Slogging thread by  Arthur Tkachenko occurred in slogging's official #programming channel, and has been edited for readability. Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:12 AM Glossary for Non Technies Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:14 AM Today I realized that some people dont know much about things like "Server", "Frontend" and others. I used them on call, and ... Person was not on the same page with me. Let's collect cool definitions! And after that we'll be able to share it as one article Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:16 AM – The process of detecting and removing from a piece of software. Both developers and quality assurance teams engage in this practice regularly to ensure that code is working as intended. They employ methods like automated and manual tests, as well as unit tests. My personal favorite type of debugging is widely applied and very efficient, and it's also got a humorous name: . Simply put, many developers keep a rubber duck on their desk—yes, an rubber duck. When they run across a problem in their code that they can't figure out, they start explaining their code out loud to the duck—who is, by the way, an listener. This process is very effective and helps developers iron out any flaws in their logic or identify code that isn't doing what it's supposed to be doing. In the unlikely event that you don't have a proper rubber duck, you can ask your co-worker to serve as a substitute! Debugging bugs rubber duck debugging actual excellent Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:17 AM – An error or flaw in your code that causes unexpected behavior in the associated program. My favorite story is one that most computer scientists are familiar with. In the late 1940s at Harvard University, an error was detected in an early electromechanical computer, Mark II. One of the operators of Grace Hopper's team found a real moth trapped inside the computer that happened to be causing the machine to malfunction. The moth was taped to a log book with a note that read, "First actual case of bug being found." To my knowledge, this is the earliest usage of the term "bug" in the context of computer science. Bug Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:17 AM – A pre-written collection of code that can be added by a software developer to a program to achieve some specific functionality or automate a process. Without libraries and linking, you'd have to repeatedly copy-paste source code into your project directory, or re-write the code yourself. Library Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:18 AM – A data structure where all necessary files for a project or application are stored, as well as the history of all changes made to those files. Repositories make it easy for you to track all changes in your development in case you ever need or want to restore an older version of your code. Repository Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:18 AM – A prior version of a software that typically includes the design of the project on a structural level (structure of content, functionality, and user journeys). – A simple working version of the software that typically is the next step in project design after wireframing. – A ‘client’ software that the users interact with. It’s a presentation layer, the way the software looks. – A ‘server’ software that the users do not interact with directly. It’s a data access layer, the way the software works. Wireframe Prototype Front end Back end Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 11:20 AM The practice of reducing redundancy in a relational database by separating conceptually distinct data (e.g. books, authors) into different relations (tables). There are several different levels of normalization. An algorithm is a set of instructions or rules designed to solve a definite problem. The problem can be simple like adding two numbers or a complex one, such as converting a video file from one format to another. Normalization Algorithm Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 12:28 PM Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of rules, routines, and protocols to build software applications. APIs help in communication with third party programs or services, which can be used to build different software. Companies such as Facebook and Twitter actively use APIs to help developers gain easier access to their services. Hypertext Transport (or Transfer) Protocol, the data transfer protocol used on the World Wide Web. Basically the same as HTTP, but uses encryption methods to secure the data passed to and from webpages. The way the frontend and backend communicate with each other is with requests and responses. A frontend script can request data from the backend, and a script in the backend can then send that data as a response. The cache is where data can be temporarily stored on a browser or computer in order to save time loading the same data over and over again every time it is required. The command-line is an interface for typing commands directly to a computer's operating system. This is the most direct and fastest way to perform operations on a computer's operating system like launching a PHP server, creating directory, executing scripts, changing file permissions and much more... API HTTP HTTPS Request/Response Cache Command-line Arthur Tkachenko Apr 17, 2022, 3:53 PM Usually, this refers to a new version of the application. It very often is, but does not necessarily need to be, customer centric. The moments before the release are always tense because everyone tries to finish as many tasks as possible without causing a catastrophe in the production environment. That's why some companies host " " to make it less stressful for the team and avoid potential trainwrecks just before weekend. Putting the code to the server where it’ll work. The process of converting the source code (written on the programming language, understood by humans) into machine code (understood by machines). A set of solutions for organizing the software structure: choosing structural elements and interfaces, the correlation between elements and their behavior. Source code freely available for making changes and free to download. A project management technique used to split the complex problem into parts that are easier to execute. Backend development refers to the server side of development where the main focus is on how the site works. This usually consists of three parts: a server, an application, and a database. Users can’t see the backend work, but code written by back end developers is what communicates the database information to the browser. Bootstrap is an intuitive and powerful front end framework that is an open-source collection of tools for creating websites and web applications. It was developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton of Twitter to encourage consistency across internal tools, and was originally named “Twitter Blueprint.” Front end development refers to “client-side” development, where the focus is on what users see. Front end developers will be engaged in analyzing code, design, and debugging applications along with ensuring a seamless user experience. Release no-release Fridays Deploy Compiling Architecture Open Source Decomposition BACK END BOOTSTRAP (aka TWITTER BOOTSTRAP) FRONT END Arthur Tkachenko Apr 19, 2022, 12:48 AM React is currently the most popular javascript front-end framework. Developed by Facebook in 2013, React is used to build interactive user interfaces. MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Oracle that is based on structured query language (SQL). A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or a place to hold the vast amounts of information in a corporate network. NoSQL is famous for its high functionality and ease of development with a performance at scale. NoSQL is called a non-relational database. It does not follow the rules of relational database management systems (RDBMS), and hence does not use traditional SQL statements to query data. 2 famous examples of NoSQL systems are and . Docker is a software platform that allows you to build, test, and deploy applications quickly. Docker packages software into standardized units called containers that have everything the software needs to run including libraries, system tools, code, and runtime. Using Docker, you can quickly deploy and scale applications into any environment and know your code will run. Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services. The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters between the "K" and the "s". Google open-sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines over 15 years of Google's experience running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed ideas and practices from the community. Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon providing on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing web services provide a variety of basic abstract technical infrastructure and distributed computing building blocks and tools. One of these services is Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), which allows users to have at their disposal a virtual cluster of computers, available all the time, through the Internet. AWS's virtual computers emulate most of the attributes of a real computer, including hardware central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) for processing; local/RAM memory; hard-disk/SSD storage; a choice of operating systems; networking; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers, databases, and customer relationship management (CRM). ReactJS MySQL NoSQL https://www.mongodb.com/ https://neo4j.com/ Docker Kubernetes AWS Arthur Tkachenko Apr 19, 2022, 12:53 AM An object is a combination of related variables, constants and other data structures which can be selected and manipulated together. An object can include shapes that appear on a screen or the age of students in a school. Objects

Glossary for Non Technies

( ) is sliding into our life and replacing the traditional technologies of the current financial system with open-source protocols, blockchain, and smart contracts. DeFi Decentralized Finance The exclusion of intermediaries from all types of transactions is one of the major advantages of DeFi; smart contracts are used to enforce the terms of each transaction. Most of the existing DeFi projects are built on the Ethereum blockchain still, and the number of new applications in the field of decentralized finance is steadily growing. The DeFi ecosystem consists of a mix of open-source technologies, blockchain, and proprietary software. Depending on the specific platform, the set of applications may vary. Any Internet user can interact with the ecosystem and manage assets through peer-to-peer (P2P) and decentralized applications (dApps). To dive deeper into DeFi sea, you should learn a few keywords – we have gathered for intro to decentralized finance in crypto:· a short glossary provides interoperability between Bitcoin and Ethereum (or other blockchains). This interoperability can include the transfer of tokens, data, and even smart-contract instructions between independent platforms. Blockchain bridge: an open-source application, allowing dApps to be used to "compose" new applications with code as building blocks. Composability: an online exchange where users exchange currencies for other currencies. This exchange connects users directly, without intermediaries. Decentralized Exchanges (DEX): providing free tokens to users of bounty campaigns. Extraction of liquidity: markets for betting on the outcome of future events without intermediaries. Forecasting markets: the oracle acts as a third party to the multi-signature contract, and when it finally transmits the correct public key for a particular combination, the transaction is initiated. Arbitrators sign a contract with a lender to transfer bitcoin from its current location to an atomic swap contract. Involvement of oracles and arbitrators: these platforms use smart contracts to replace intermediaries, such as banks that manage lending in the middle. Lending platforms: it can link DeFi applications to each other to create new financial products. Money legos: a cryptocurrency pegged to an asset outside the cryptocurrency to stabilize the price. Stablecoin: an agreement concluded between two or more parties, as a result of which, when certain conditions meet, certain actions take place. When a previously programmed condition is activated, the smart contract automatically executes the corresponding agreement. Smart contract: a method of sending Bitcoin to the Ethereum network to use Bitcoin in the DeFi Ethereum system, allowing users to earn interest on the sale of bitcoins by lending them through decentralized lending platforms. Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC): users browse various DeFi tokens looking for opportunities to generate more profit. Yield farming: DeFi functionality is almost limitless; it embodies all the trends of the future financial system. In this article, we are going to consider two components DEX and Bridge, in more detail as there is a rising demand for blockchain interoperability in the cryptocurrency market. Let’s look closer at what the difference is and why they are important. DEX is a site or application where the purchase, sale, or exchange of cryptocurrency and tokens listed on this exchange are carried out directly between participants. Decentralized exchanges are managed automatically or semi-automatically with the involvement of platform participants in the process of making important decisions. A Decentralized  Exchange (DEX) Such platforms provide the technical possibility of direct interaction between participants and use a distributed ledger (blockchain) to store and process all (or almost all) of the data. The most popular DEXs are Uniswap or Pancakeswap. Key advantages: Provides complete anonymity of the user, also does not store user assets, thereby excluding hacker attacks. Lack of a single control center, there is no management that could be interested in price manipulation within the exchange. Authorities cannot end the exchange due to the distributed architecture. To make a purchase without the participation of third parties, participants use smart contracts. Some types of DEX allow users to create their own tokens and exchange them with other users. DEXs allow people to own tokens for Decentralized Finance (DeFi), services that allow them to store, borrow, lend, or trade without going to a bank or other financial institution. Low trading fees. Peculiarities: DEX exchanges can differ in the peg's degree to a particular currency and the range of currencies that can be traded on a given site. It depends on the blockchain on which one or another decentralized cryptocurrency exchange is built. There are neutral exchanges that provide users with more freedom, allowing them to make secure transactions with various digital assets in their decentralized trading system. CDEX is a site or application that supports cross-chain transaction protocols (e.g., BSC and ETH) and cross-chain token swaps in a DeFi manner. A Cross-Chain Decentralized Exchange (CDEX) The exchange combines the various advantages of different public chains and creates a very well-rounded and composite ecosystem. Currently, there is a single CDEX on the market – Hashbon Rocket. Key advantages: Swap any ERC-20 token for any BEP-20 one and vice versa in the DeFi manner. Decentralized cross-chain protocol. Friendly user experience. Distributed memory matching engine. Liquidity sharing mechanism between Exchanges. Easily-scaling layer 2 network architecture. Staking third-party tokens. Arbiters provide the system with security and transparency; token purchase receives verification of the validity of the transaction, excluding any errors. Oracles launch various algorithmically tokenized assets. Blockchain Bridge is a connection that allows the transfer of tokens and/or arbitrary between vastly different networks, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, and between one parent blockchain and its child chain, called a sidechain, which either operates under different consensus rules or inherits its security from the parent blockchain. Both chains can have different protocols, rules, and governance models, but the bridge provides a compatible way to interoperate securely on both sides. A Blockchain bridge Key advantages: Cross-chain collateral: bridges allow users to transfer digital assets from Bitcoin to Ethereum. Also, they run decentralized applications on multiple platforms. Scalability: bridges provide greater scalability due to the transaction volumes without forcing developers and users to abandon the liquidity and network effect of the original chains. Efficiency: users can make and receive micro transfers without high transaction fees with tokens hosted on less scalable chains. Substrate-native chains are built by bridge pallets. Smart contracts - If the chain is not on Substrate, you should have smart contracts on the non-Substrate chain to bridge (e.g., Ethereum mainnet will have a bridge smart contract that initiates Eth transactions based on incoming XCMP messages). Every new bridge issues a new so-called pegged token for your project. If you already have a token issued on BSC, you can’t use bridges. In CDEX, you can exchange any ERC-20 for any BEP-20 tokens. Conclusion The market is witnessing a huge demand for token and coin swapping; that’s why we dedicated this article to the most popular tools on how to exchange them seamlessly and safely. One of the newly born solutions, , is definitely worth considering. While Uniswap allows changing one ERC-20 token to another ERC-20 token, Hashbon Rocket allows changing any ERC-20 token to any BEP-20 token. Thus, a true decentralized cross-chain exchange was implemented. At the moment, Hashbon MVP supports the exchange between ERC-20 and BEP-20 tokens, but it is planned to add all EVM-compatible blockchains, including Ethereum Classic, Matic, Fantom, Huobi Eco, xDai, etc. HASH Token is the fuel for the Hashbon Rocket; with its help, various system participants will be able to use different services. Hashbon Rocket CDEX Being a true decentralized cross-chain exchange platform, Hashbon Rocket is governed by a fully decentralized network of arbiters (HASH holders) where users will face a 6-step algorithm: Offer, Order, Payment, Marking an order as paid, Order and Payment data, Votes. . A simple guide on how to use Hashbon Rocket is here

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