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200 Black Women in Tech to Follow on Twitter in 2022

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Cryptographic Ransomware Encryption Detection: Survey: Author's Declaration

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Ayei E. Ibor, Trustworthy Digital Infrastructure for Identity Systems, The Alan Turing Institute, United Kingdom; (2) Mark Hooper, Trustworthy Digital Infrastructure for Identity Systems, The Alan Turing Institute, United Kingdom; (3) Carsten Maple, Trustworthy Digital Infrastructure for Identity Systems, The Alan Turing Institute, United Kingdom; (4) Gregory Epiphaniou, WMG, University of Warwick, United Kingdom. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Background Review of Literature Methodology Discussion of Findings Conclusion and Future Work & References 6. Conclusion and Future Work Trustworthy interoperability is a key enabler for identity management and widens the dimensions of e-government in developing countries. This research provided insights into the challenges, opportunities, and requirements of interoperability and highlighted the limitations of current interoperability solutions such as the Estonian X-Road and the eIDAS of the European Union. We found that each existing interoperability solution has its benefits and drawbacks, although both are targeted at a common goal. To achieve seamless communication of identification data, we proposed an approach for scoping requirements by first identifying the key processes to identity management in an interoperability context. Furthermore, we addressed the limitations of the current solutions using an architecture that considers the flexibility of identity verification and validation through an interoperable layer that is based on four interacting layers of data representation, semantics, binding, and security and privacy. For future work, an analysis of country-specific use cases for achieving interoperability in the African identity ecosystem will be performed. References African Union, 2020. The Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa (2020-30), Available at https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/278587/1/GhaEcon_24.pdf, Accessed 20 May 2023. Alamillo, I., Mouille, S., Rock, A., Soumelidis, N., Tabor, M., Gorniak, S., 2023. Digital identity standards: Analysis of standardisation requirements in support of cybersecurity policy, Available at file:///C:/Users/aIbor/Downloads/Digital_Identity_Standards%20(1).pdf, Accessed 30 July 2023. Aldosary, M. and Alqahtani, N., 2021. A Survey on Federated Identity Management Systems Limitation and Solutions. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol, 13. ANSSI, 2023. The EIDAS Regulation, Available at https://www.ssi.gouv.fr/en/regulation/digital-confidence/the-eidas-regulation/, Accessed 09 April 2023. Atick, J., 2016. Digital identity: the essential guide. In ID4Africa Identity Forum (Vol. 2016, pp. 1-3). Backhouse, J. and Halperin, R., 2009. Approaching interoperability for identity management systems. In The Future of Identity in the Information Society (pp. 245-268). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Bakhtina, M., Matulevičius, R., Awad, A. and Kivimäki, P., 2022. Rebooting Trust Management in X-Road, Public Report. Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS). Bhattarai, R., Pappel, I., Vainsalu, H., Yahia, S.B. and Draheim, D., 2019. The impact of the single digital gateway regulation from the citizens’ perspective. Procedia Computer Science, 164, pp.159-167. Bandura, R. and Ramanujam, S.R., 2021. Developing inclusive digital payment systems. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 21. Benaddi, H., Laaz, N., Bouhlal, A. and El Kettani, E., 2023. Data storage architecture for egovernment interoperability: Morocco case. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 29(3), pp.1678-1686. Catuogno, L. and Galdi, C., 2014. Achieving interoperability between federated identity management systems: A case of study. Journal of High Speed Networks, 20(4), pp.209-221. Colbern, A. and Ramakrishnan, S.K., 2020. Citizenship reimagined: A new framework for state rights in the United States. Cambridge University Press. Cuijpers, C.M.K.C. and Schroers, J., 2014. eIDAS as guideline for the development of a pan European eID framework in FutureID. Domingo, E. and Teevan, C., 2022. Africa’s journey towards an integrated digital payments landscape and how the EU can support it. ECDPM brief, 23. European Commission, 2023a. X-Road Data Exchange Layer, Available at https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/ict-security/solution/x-road-data-exchange-layer/about, Accessed 10 April 2023. European Commission, 2023b. Shaping Europe’s digital future, Available at https://digitalstrategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/discover-eidas, Accessed 20 April 2023. Fathalla, E.S., Azab, M., Xin, C. and Wu, H., 2023. PT-SSIM: A Proactive, Trustworthy SelfSovereign Identity Management System. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. Grassi, P.A., Garcia, M.E. and Fenton, J.L., 2017. Digital identity guidelines. NIST special publication, 800, pp.63-3. Gelb, A. and Metz, A.D., 2018. Identification revolution: Can digital ID be harnessed for development?. Brookings Institution Press. Halili, F. and Ramadani, E., 2018. Web services: a comparison of soap and rest services. Modern Applied Science, 12(3), p.175. Hoffmann, T. and Solarte-Vasquez, M.C., 2022. The estonian e-residency programme and its role beyond the country’s digital public sector ecosystem. Revista CES Derecho, 13(2), pp.184-204. Hölbl, M., Kežmah, B. and Kompara, M., 2023. eIDAS Interoperability and Cross-Border Compliance Issues. Mathematics, 11(2), p.430. Hummer, D. and Rebovich, D.J., 2023. Identity theft and financial loss. In Handbook on Crime and Technology (pp. 38-53). Edward Elgar Publishing. Irvin-Erickson, Y., 2023. How Does Immigration Status and Citizenship Affect Identity Theft Victimization Risk in the US? Insights from the 2018 National Crime Victimization Survey Identity Theft Supplement. Victims & Offenders, pp.1-24. Kaaniche, N., Laurent, M. and Belguith, S., 2020. Privacy enhancing technologies for solving the privacy-personalization paradox: Taxonomy and survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 171, p.102807. Kanagwa, B., Nakatumba-Nabende, J., Mugwanya, R., Kigozi Kahiigi, E. and Ngabirano, S., 2018. Towards an interoperability e-government framework for Uganda. In e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: 9th International Conference, AFRICOMM 2017, Lagos, Nigeria, December 11-12, 2017, Proceedings 9 (pp. 16-28). Springer International Publishing. Kiourtis, A., Giannetsos, T., Menesidou, S.A., Mavrogiorgou, A., Symvoulidis, C., GRAZİANİ, A., KLEFTAKİS, S., MAVROGİORGOS, K., ZAFEİROPOULOS, N., GKOLİAS, C.A. and KYRİAZİS, D., 2023. Identity management standards: A literature review. Computers and Informatics, 3(1), pp.35-46. Krimmer, R., Dedovic, S., Schmidt, C. and Corici, A.A., 2021, August. Developing crossborder e-Governance: Exploring interoperability and cross-border integration. In International Conference on Electronic Participation (pp. 107-124). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Kotzé, P. and Alberts, R., 2017. Towards a Conceptual Model for an e-Government Interoperability Framework for South Africa. In ICEIS (3) (pp. 493-506). Lips, S., Bharosa, N. and Draheim, D., 2020. eIDAS implementation challenges: the case of Estonia and the Netherlands. In Electronic Governance and Open Society: Challenges in Eurasia: 7th International Conference, EGOSE 2020, St. Petersburg, Russia, November 18– 19, 2020, Proceedings 7 (pp. 75-89). Springer International Publishing. Luong, D.A. and Park, J.H., 2023. Privacy-Preserving Identity Management System on Blockchain Using Zk-SNARK. IEEE Access, 11, pp.1840-1853. Manda, M. I. and Backhouse, J., "Addressing trust, security and privacy concerns in egovernment integration, interoperability and information sharing through policy: a case of South Africa" (2016). CONF-IRM 2016 Proceedings. Paper 67. http://aisel.aisnet.org/confirm2016/6 Masiero, S., 2023. Digital identity as platform-mediated surveillance. Big Data & Society, 10(1), p.20539517221135176. McBride, K., Kütt, A., Ben Yahia, S. and Draheim, D., 2019, November. On positive feedback loops in digital government architecture. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems (pp. 174-180). Mocanu, S., Chiriac, A.M., Popa, C., Dobrescu, R. and Saru, D., 2019. Identification and trust techniques compatible with eIDAS regulation. In Security and Privacy in New Computing Environments: Second EAI International Conference, SPNCE 2019, Tianjin, China, April 13– 14, 2019, Proceedings 2 (pp. 656-665). Springer International Publishing. Pöhn, D. and Hommel, W., 2023. Towards an Improved Taxonomy of Attacks Related to Digital Identities and Identity Management Systems. Security and Communication Networks, 2023. Priisalu, J. and Ottis, R., 2017. Personal control of privacy and data: Estonian experience. Health and technology, 7(4), pp.441-451. Saputro, R., Pappel, I., Vainsalu, H., Lips, S. and Draheim, D., 2020, April. Prerequisites for the adoption of the X-Road interoperability and data exchange framework: a comparative study. In 2020 Seventh International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG) (pp. 216-222). IEEE. Schmidt, C. and Krimmer, R., 2022. How to implement the European digital single market: identifying the catalyst for digital transformation. Journal of European Integration, 44(1), pp.59-80. Sedlmeir, J., Smethurst, R., Rieger, A. and Fridgen, G., 2021. Digital identities and verifiable credentials. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63(5), pp.603-613. Sharif, A., Ranzi, M., Carbone, R., Sciarretta, G. and Ranise, S., 2022, August. SoK: A Survey on Technological Trends for (pre) Notified eIDAS Electronic Identity Schemes. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (pp. 1-10). Sharma, R. and Panigrahi, P.K., 2015. Developing a roadmap for planning and implementation of interoperability capability in e-government. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 9(4), pp.426-447. Solvak, M., Unt, T., Rozgonjuk, D., Võrk, A., Veskimäe, M. and Vassil, K., 2019. Egovernance diffusion: Population level e-service adoption rates and usage patterns. Telematics and Informatics, 36, pp.39-54. Spiliotopoulos, T., Sheik, A.T., Gottardello, D. and Dover, R., 2023. Onboarding Citizens to Digital Identity Systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.13511. Srinivas, J., Das, A.K. and Kumar, N., 2019. Government regulations in cyber security: Framework, standards and recommendations. Future generation computer systems, 92, pp.178-188. Tang, F., Ma, C. and Cheng, K., 2023. Privacy-preserving authentication scheme based on zero trust architecture. Digital Communications and Networks. The World Bank, 2023a. ID4D Global Dataset, Available at https://id4d.worldbank.org/global-dataset, Accessed: 17 July 2023. The World Bank, 2023b. Practitioner’s Guide: Interoperability, Available at https://id4d.worldbank.org/guide/interoperability, Accessed: 22 April 2023. Walters, R., 2023. Theft [Identity]. In Cybersecurity and Data Laws of the Commonwealth: International Trade, Investment and Arbitration (pp. 297-306). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. World Bank Group, 2016. ID4D Country Diagnostic: Nigeria, 2016, Available at https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/136541489666581589/pdf/113567-REPLNigeria-ID4D-Diagnostics-Web.pdf, Accessed 20 May 2023. W3C Recommendation, 2022. Verifiable credentials data model v1.1, Available at https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model/#dfn-credential, Accessed 04 April 2023. World Bank Group, 2018. Guidelines for ID4D Diagnostics, Available at https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/370121518449921710/Guidelines-for-ID4DDiagnostics.pdf, Accessed: 22 April 2023. X-Road, 2020. X-Road: Message Transport Protocol, Available at https://www.xtee.ee/docs/live/xroad/pr-messtransp_x-road_message_transport_protocol.html, Accessed 12 April 2023. X-Road, 2023a. X-Road Security, Available at https://x-road.global/security, Accessed 03 April 2023. X-Road, 2023b. X-Road Technology Overview, Available at https://x-road.global/x-roadtechnology-overview, Accessed 10 March 2023. X-Road, 2023c. X-Road: Use Case Model for Member Communication, Available at https://docs.x-road.global/UseCases/uc-mess_x-road_member_communication_use_case_model.html#version-history, Accessed 12 April 2023. X-Road, 2023d. Technical Specification: X-Road Architecture, Available at https://docs.xroad.global/Architecture/arc-g_x-road_arhitecture.html#version-history, Accessed 12 April 2023. Yin, J., Xiao, Y., Pei, Q., Ju, Y., Liu, L., Xiao, M. and Wu, C., 2022. SmartDID: a novel privacy-preserving identity based on blockchain for IoT. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(8), pp.6718-6732. This paper is available on under CC 4.0 license. Arxiv

Trustworthy Interoperability and Identity Management Systems: What Comes Next

You're staring at the blue light showing from your computer screen while your hands work magic on the keyboard. Metal music blasting out of the headphone around your ears. You've consumed 25 cups of coffee in just 6 days, you're still feeling hyped. You love the space you are in. The god mode, the maniac self operational mode of ignoring what's going on around. 3... 2... 1.... application deployed. The application you just deployed, it'll take 4 junior developers 6 weeks to build, you said. It took you a week to design, build and ship it. You're happy! Your head is screaming! Spinning. Then it hit, you stand up feeling numb down from your waist, tried stretching and you collapse heavily on the floor. You’re dead. End of the story. Don't go now. The fun is just getting started! Burnout What's that? Why does it happen to us developers? And what can we do to avoid it? *grabs a long chair. . .brace yourself, son* What is Burnout? Burnout is the physical, and mental collapse caused by overwork or stress. It slowly enters developers’ life and kills the passion for coding. It manifests itself in different ways for different people. I'm one of those different people. Did you know? Burnout is a very common thing in the IT industry? We developers get stuck working hard for a long period on multiple projects, that seem impossible to complete. If things go south side (meaning if things don't go as planned) it becomes really dangerous for the developer, and he/she may have to quit from the industry. Or they may fall pit-deep into it and struggle all their life to get out of it. Why does it happen to us developers? The answer is already right in front of you, my friend. I want to let you in a little secret. Here it goes. Even the smartest programmer can fall into the bosom of serious burnout. Why does it happen commonly to us developers? Sitting on your desk in front of a computer for 7-8+ hours every day isn't as healthy as you think, and that is one of the most common reasons for burnout. Staring at your computer takes a lot of your physical and mental energy. Bad working culture or environment is another reason. When a senior developer or a company doesn't train their junior developers well to manage a task or take care of something, it later falls back to the responsibility of the senior developer. Eventually, they get stuck late at night or in the office to fix those issues. Mental health issues. Sighs. Programming takes a lot of brainpower and is quite a stressful job. Your brain has to stretch, think, to solve complex problems. Sometimes your mind is pushed to the limits of the hours you've set for it. And when that happens, continuously for weeks, mental fatigue takes over. Think of your mind as a muscle. When you go to the gym and you work out, you won't be able to live that piece of metal, isn't that right? Well, the same happens to your brain. You won't be able to work like you want to. Your brain stops working in those cases because it isn't able to think anymore. Doing the same type of work every day makes the job repetitive for programmers. We, software developers, love programming but when they have to write similar kinds of code or use the same technology every day. It slowly kills the motivation and passion you had when you started. It makes them feel like a bird, trapped or stuck in a cage, and they felt they will never get out of it. Or make progress in their career. PS: we developers sometimes face mental health issues like anxiety or insomnia, lol. What can we do to avoid burnout? These are points you are probably already familiar with. It is important to remember that burnout is a sign that individuals are in a work environment where they have been pushed too hard for too long. There is no need to feel personal guilt or shame over burnout. At all. Acknowledge that burnout is not emblematic of personal failure. Make note of what you enjoy doing and what you don’t enjoy doing. Knowing what energies you versus what drains you can help you figure out which projects to prioritize and what to say “No” to. Identify tasks that are energizing versus tasks that are draining. If a friend wants you to build the next "Facebook", and you know it'll cost you lots of late nights. Learn to say no to the request. Say “No” more often. Refer to them during difficult times to remind yourself of the good you’ve done. Keep track of positive experiences and minor accomplishments. Carefully consider the amount of energy and time you have to dedicate to projects and requests from colleagues. Be realistic about what you can and cannot achieve with the resources you have. by leveraging on your strengths and your support network (if you don't have any, StackOverflow, GitHub, YouTube is there). Tap into existing resources Be intentional and specific about your requests. Ask for help! Not everything needs to be perfect. Lower the unrealistic standards you hold yourself to. Recognize moments when you’re exhausted and take a break. Make time to rest. Conclusion: If you're going to deny yourself sleep, and refuse to eat. Then be ready to leave the software industry. *keeps a straight smiling face* But really, you need to always put your mental health first. Most developers do not burn out. Instead, they are promoted to roles that involve less and less coding. For those of us that remain in or around coding, the formula for keeping it together is simple. Take care of yourself. Maintain the body. Feed the mind. Build strong and lasting emotional ties. Play, eat, sleep, and have fun. Here's a quote from Vic Blends! If you’re just out here grinding for no reason, something is going to make you quit. But if you have got a reason for why you’re grinding and you know why you’re doing what you’re doing, ain’t nothing going to be able to stop you. […] You can’t make me quit because I know this is something bigger than my pockets. For sticking with me, I'll like to give you some free cookies. Bonus points: never seek to be better than anyone else, only to be better than yourself. have a work-life balance take care of the little things around you never hold on to the past be your best WE ALL WANT TO BE THE BEST, REMEMBER THAT ONE SURE WAY TO BECOMING ONE IS TO AVOID BURNING OUT! Also published on: https://digitalstade.com/burnout-a-developer-best-enemy

What is a Developer's Worst Enemy?

Now more than ever, data is powering our next phase of the industrial revolution so much so that corporations are willing to offer services for free just to have access to customers’ data. While this is indicative of the emergence of a data-powered economy, it also tells the story of how vulnerable the average individual is to data-related threats. With just over , there are absolutely no guarantees when it comes to data protection, privacy, and ownership. 4,000 data brokers controlling the loosely regulated data economy Regardless of the recent data regulatory implementations, the average consumer has little or no say on how service providers distribute or use their private data. Therefore, we must go beyond regulations to establish some sort of leeway for individuals to retain ownership of their private data and do with it as they deem fit. This limitation calls for innovative infrastructures that recognize the ownership of data, enforce privacy rights, and provide data autonomy to users. Herein lies the growing influence of blockchain and web3 in the data management and distribution conversation. Much like how blockchain enables distributed networks for assets and provides autonomy to holders, it can also create decentralized data markets where there is no place for data brokers. Due to the innovation of this architecture, several blockchain solutions have begun creating and delivering web 3.0-enhanced data solutions with sophisticated autonomous data distribution and security mechanisms. One project of this movement is , which has developed a data asset-based ecosystem where users can buy, sell, publish and send data via a decentralized network. The project treats data as an asset class and has created unique infrastructures to provide a self-sustaining data economy. Ocean Protocol I reached out to Sheridan Johns, Head of Ecosystem at Ocean Protocol, for more information about the project and the recently-concluded global hackathon. Below are excerpts from the interview. Edward Moon: What problems are Ocean Protocol trying to solve, and how relevant will these solutions be to the average user? Ocean Protocol recognizes the potential of the data economy as well as the current overly centralized nature of its components. The existing system works against the best interest of the average individual. We provide the data resources but only enjoy a meager share of the multi-billion industry. Sheridan Johns: For us at Ocean Protocol, it is only fair that users retain ownership of their personal data and generate the appropriate value when they choose to sell or share them. Therefore, Ocean Protocol looks to help users reclaim full autonomy over their data and generate value by becoming a vital party to data distribution. Edward Moon: How have you and your team solved the data economy debacle? Through Ocean Protocol, we have successfully provided an environment where data can thrive on web 3.0 infrastructures. We have envisioned data as an asset class and we expect our users to treat it as such. Sheridan Johns: We have provided a marketplace where participants can freely transfer the ownership of data or content by selling or buying datatokens. The core of operation centers around designing blockchain applications to improve the way we protect, transfer and store data. Edward Moon: What are the applications of Ocean Protocol? Like I mentioned earlier, we have enabled a data marketplace. Furthermore, Ocean Protocol has developed data-powered assets on the Ethereum blockchain. Sheridan Johns: Hence, we provide on-ramp and off-ramp data assets for the explosive DeFi sector. This opens up interesting opportunities for Ocean token holders. Edward Moon: It seems that your team is big on facilitating use cases for your project. How do you rate the progress achieved so far? We are impressed with our achievements and look forward to more wins. The team has not only designed an innovative architecture, but we have also created working products. Apart from our technical prowess, I am particularly impressed with our business achievements. The partnerships we have secured, exemplified by the number of brands that sponsored our recently concluded hackathon say a lot about our approach to project development. Our approach has established the Ocean Protocol ecosystem as an important addition to the larger crypto industry. However, I must say that there is still a long way to go. Sheridan Johns: Edward Moon: Speaking of the just concluded hackathon, what is the core motivation for initiating this competition? This is an annual competition designed to promote community-based involvement in the Ocean ecosystem. We want to encourage and incentivize developers to create intuitive and innovative Ocean integrations. The objective for this year’s hackathon is to expand the utility of Ocean data tokens and unlock data applications on web 3.0. Sheridan Johns: Edward Moon: How did the judges pick winners? Participants had to adhere to certain requirements to stand a chance of winning in various categories. First, they must have working products. They had to utilize an open-source developmental framework, integrate with the Ocean data token, and have real-world applications. Our judges used this template of four key criteria - innovativeness, functionality, traction, and sustainability - to choose the participants with the most compelling decentralized application. Sheridan Johns: We had 16 judges, experts in blockchain, DeFi, machine learning, emerging technology, and business innovation, including Adam Hall, Security & Identity Lead, OpenMined, Andreas Fauler, Ocean Protocol Advisor, Advisory Board Member, Digitalstadt Darmstadt, Anish Mohammed, Co-Founder, R2 Labs, Aron von Ammers, CTO and Founding Partner, Outlier Ventures, Dr. Astrid Woollard, Partner, Head of Research, Scytale Ventures, Eylon Aviv, Partnerships / DAOstack, Fernando Martinelli, CEO & Co-founder at Balancer, Jonathan Victor, Product / BD at Protocol Labs (Filecoin), Matthew Fontana, Head of Developer Relations, Streamr, Meltem Demirors, Ocean Protocol Advisor, Chief Strategy Officer, CoinShares, Simon de la Rouvière, Ocean Protocol Advisor, Commons Stack, Vitor Py, CTO, Pillar and Wendell Cathcart, DOS Economics and Analytics Engineer, Energy Web Foundation. Edward Moon: Can you briefly explain why Data DAO, VideoWiki, and MoonJelly emerged as top prize winners? The winners showed beyond any reasonable doubt that they had developed innovative applications infused with Ocean Protocol components. In the first-place was Data DAO, which enhances governance, incentive mechanisms, and data value distribution by pooling data tokens. The France-based team created a permissionless marketplace and showcased the possibilities of decentralized autonomous organizations in the Ocean Protocol ecosystem. Sheridan Johns: VideoWiki emerged as the second-place winner because it could power a fully operational content edition platform. This product allows users to create and monetize content while also enforcing privacy measures like IP protection. The Portugal-based developers understand the importance of text-to-video resources to learning experiences. They also showed that web 3.0 and web 2.0 can integrate seamlessly for great effect. US-based MoonJelly, on the other hand, enables a web browser extension for seamless curation and data minting for the Ocean Market. They also integrated the services of one of the competition’s sponsors, 1inch exchange, to qualify as the winner of a bonus prize. Edward Moon: Considering the long list of brands that sponsored the hackathon, the Ocean Data Economy Challenge has somewhat risen in status. What does this mean for Ocean Protocol? First, I would like to appreciate everyone that made this competition a success. Remarkably, we could attract the support of reputable brands that understand the pivotal role of data in the ongoing technology revolution. The competition’s sponsors, including CoinMarketCap, Balancer Labs, 1inch Exchange, Energy Web Foundation, Messari, Pillar, Protocol Labs (Filecoin), DAOStack, Secret Network, and Streamr, share similar data economy ideologies. Sheridan Johns: Edward Moon: What should we expect from the next Data Economy Challenge? As always, we will ensure that this competition stays true to the broader objectives of the Ocean Protocol. Likewise, the next Data Economy Challenge will reflect the development phase that we are in at the time of the competition. This will help us promote innovation culture in our community. Sheridan Johns: Edward Moon: What about the Ocean Protocol? What should we look forward to? We will continue to capitalize on the composability of the Ethereum ecosystem to partner with other innovative platforms. This requires us to keep enabling advanced data economy solutions and delivering on the web 3.0 capacity of blockchain. So, expect much more in 2021. Sheridan Johns:

"It's Only Fair That Users Retain Ownership Of Their Personal Data & Generate Value" -Sheridan Johns

Imposter syndrome is a feeling in software development. Not only does beginners or mid-level developers face this problem, but also the experienced coders. Did you know? That in a survey, it was discovered that employees working in top-notch companies such as Google, Amazon, eBay, Microsoft, Facebook and even Apple face imposter syndrome despite their accomplishments? Yes, it’s true. 58% of tech employees suffer from this feeling. What is Imposter Syndrome? Imposter Syndrome can be defined as a collection of feelings of inadequacy that persist even in the face of information that indicates that the opposite is true. It is experienced internally as chronic self-doubt, and feelings of intellectual fraudulence. These negative emotions are very common (you are not alone). It is called Trust me, almost everyone has experienced these emotions at some point in their life, whether personal or professional – and not just within Software development. It’s human nature. The most successful and productive people are often very effective at minimizing the occurrences of imposter syndromes in their lives. Imposter Syndrome: the constant feeling of not being good enough or knowing enough to do well in your job. In this article, I will be breaking down the common root causes of these emotions and actionable steps towards overcoming imposter syndrome. What can trigger these feelings as a developer? It’s a large field and it’s only getting bigger and bigger. Not only are there more people aspiring to be developers, but the use of software is expanding, which means the demand for developers is going up. This encourages the frequent creation of new languages, frameworks, and tools. This means there’s more to learn and it’s only going to get more complex as the industry matures. This might make you feel overwhelmed occasionally. Software development never stops evolving. Software specifically, gets a lot of attention and glory in the media. Given how often new tech startups get covered in the media and how their founders are portrayed as brilliant and uniquely creative, it’s no wonder that so many feel that they can never make it as a top-tier developer. Software development also has a mythos that’s grown up around it that says only the super-smart people can grasp it. While that may have been true once, programming languages and tools have come a long way and made programming a lot easier and more approachable. Also, the media create unrealistic perceptions around the tech industry. This misconception of brilliance being a prerequisite for developers, and the pressure to stay current on the latest trends, can make you focus on unimportant stuffs, and fuels the feeling of inadequacy. Soon enough, you become a victim of imposter syndrome. How to Overcome Imposter Syndrome Before we list out a few things to overcome this problem, you need to understand first that it’s normal and The majority of people experience the same feeling as you do. So don’t panic and don’t let it cause you to freeze and stop working. you are not alone. Every developer should learn to talk about the tools or technology they are working with, as this would educate the next person and vice versa. Below are some solutions that helped me over and will help you deal with it also. Imposter Syndrome Get comfortable with being uncomfortable The crux of imposter syndrome is that you’re comparing what you to what you other people know. You see eveyone’s success and intelligence, and then you fear that you have that or know that concept or technology. The focus on your weaknesses is understandable and natural. None of them wants to be the worst developer in a company. know think don’t Most developers love to learn and there’s so much to learn in development. So it’s natural to look at what you are yet to learn, compare yourself with people who know a lot about it, and feel inferior and that you will never be an expert. To be honest, you never will be an expert in Software development. So embrace your ignorance and use that to fuel your growth, not your self-doubt. There will be always be more new languages, or processes, or technologies to learn. Keep track of your accomplishments This will help balance the scales of positive vs negative self-talk that is the heart of imposter syndrome. Reflect regularly on your successes, that will help you of how far you’ve come and how good you are. One good way to do that is to make a recurring calendar appointment for the end of every week to add all accomplishments from that to a of accomplishments. Even if something eventually failed, if you attempted something outside your comfort zone, write it down. It was a great experience. “portfolio” In addition to capturing your weekly accomplishments, you should also take a few minutes to reflect on past accomplishments and add any from the previous months that you forgot. Also, don’t just write them down and read them. You need to truly reflect on what went into that accomplishments and how you felt about it. You can actually use that portfolio to boost your résumé or LinkedIn portfolio to help you get jobs in the future. Bonus Tip: Get feedback from your mentors and seniors Imposter syndrome thrives when all you do is think. One of the things you need to do is get out of your head to combat the Imposter Syndrome. Whenever you get stuck in your code or need help in understanding some algorithms or design choice, get help from your seniors. It doesn’t make you a fool. When you ask how the product works, or how their QA process works for the new project, it’s not a dumb question. Remember, it’s okay to ask for help. Plan your career goals to reduce doubt A lot of self-induced imposter syndrome can be due to the unknown when looking ahead. To combat this, you should get goals and plan your career path. This will provide your confidence when making career decisions and deciding what skills to learn and focus on. Instead of looking at , you need to look at eventually. What industry, technology, language, company do you want to work in for. Then, using that information you will find out what you need to learn. how you learn what you want to do Conclusion A lot of developers suffer from imposter syndrome. You need to understand that it’s normal and you are not alone. Doubting your accomplishment and feeling like a bad programmer is completely normal. Understand that it’s impossible to know everything every time. You don’t need to run from imposter syndrome, embrace it and just consider this as an opportunity to learn something new that aligns with your goals. Previously published at https://digitalstade.com/dealing-with-imposter-syndrome-as-a-developer

How Imposter Syndrome Affects Developers

Dieser Artikel dient als Auftakt zu Bitcoin und anderen Kryptowährungen über Hackernoon. Das Ziel ist es so viele Menschen wie möglich mit wichtigen Informationen rund um Bitcoin und Co. zu versorgen und sie zum Nachdenken zu bringen. Denn Bitcoin ist nicht so einfach, wie es auf den ersten Blick scheinen mag. Er ist wie der Wolf im Schafspelz. Je tiefer man gräbt, desto mehr Informationen, Zusammenhänge und Fragen entstehen üblicherweise. Daher wird Bitcoin auch oft mit einem Kaninchenbau (Rabbit Hole) verglichen. Sobald man den Kaninchenbau betreten hat, wird man auf dem Weg nach unten viele verschiedene Abzweigungen finden, die es sich lohnt zu verfolgen. Denn am Ende ist das Zusammenspiel aus allen relevanten Faktoren wichtig. Erst dann kann man das Potential von BTC richtig bemessen und eine vorsichtige Prognose für die Zukunft machen. Heute sprechen wir über Bitcoin UTXOs und welche Informationen wir daraus ziehen können. In diesem Zusammenhang gehen wir kurz auf das Bitcoin Halving und das Stock to Flow Verhältnis ein. Hier geht es um harte Fakten, anstatt um irgendwelche Mondprognosen. Viel Spaß mit dem ersten Artikel von . Bitcoin2Go Was genau ist ein UTXO? Unter UTXO versteht man im Bitcoin Universum “Unspent Transaction Output”. Die Summe aller UTXO einer Bitcoin Adresse repräsentieren das jeweilige Guthaben. Das sogenannte UTXO-Set repräsentiert hingegen die Summe aller UTXOs. In diesem Set finden wir also den Status Quo über die aktuelle Anzahl an BTC im Netzwerk. Durch die Bitcoin UTXOs können wir also nicht nur sagen auf welcher Adresse sich wie viel Guthaben versteckt, sondern genau sagen, wie viele BTC für welchen Zeitraum nicht mehr bewegt wurden. Das hilft uns das Anlageverhalten der Investoren besser zu analysieren. Wie viele Bitcoins wurden mehr als ein Jahr nicht mehr bewegt? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, müssen wir den Bitcoin UTXO Age Distribution Chart zur Hilfe nehmen. In diesem Chart lassen sich alle UTXOs und deren jeweiliges Alter ablesen. Es ist ein gestapeltes Flächendiagramm, bei dem alle verfügbaren Bitcoins in farblich unterschiedliche Altersklassen (=Schichten) dargestellt werden und beschreibt dabei deren Veränderung in Abhängigkeit der Zeit. Bitcoin UTXO Age Distribution Chart. Quelle: https://www.noncedata.com/servlet/web/Dashboard_selectPage In diesem Chart werden die verschiedenen UTXOs nach ihrem Alter in farbige Altersklassen eingeordnet. Dadurch könne wir genau sagen wie viele Bitcoin für wie lange nicht mehr bewegt wurden. Für unser Beispiel wollen wir die Frage beantworten, wie viele Bitcoins länger als ein Jahr nicht mehr bewegt wurden. Hierzu gehen wir zurück auf den Interaktiven Chart (Link findest du unter dem Chart) und fahren mit der Maus nach rechts außen, um das aktuelle Alter und Anzahl der UTXOs zu sehen. Insgesamt wurden ca. 63% aller in Umlauf befindlichen Bitcoins mehr als ein Jahr nicht mehr bewegt. Das sind bei einer umlaufenden Menge von ca. 18.38 Millionen BTC umgerechnet ca. 11,5 Millionen BTC. Es wurden also knapp 2/3 aller Bitcoins länger als ein Jahr nicht mehr transferiert. Das heißt also, dass Investoren zunehmen bullish sind und ihre Bitcoin Position weiter ausbauen, um auf das nächste Bitcoin Kurs Allzeithoch zu warten. Für weitere Informationen zu UTXOs, wie Bitcoin Transaktionen grundsätzlich aufgebaut sind, wie du den Bitcoin UTXO Age Distribution Chart verwendest und was es mit den Bitcoin Hodl Waves auf sich hat, empfehlen wir dir . diesen Artikel Welche Rolle spielt dabei das Bitcoin Halving? Das Bitcoin Halving wurde in den letzten Wochen intensiv behandelt. Leider waren viele Informationen rund um das Halving entweder sehr einseitig oder grundsätzlich falsch. Daher wollen wir in ein paar Sätzen die grundsätzliche Funktion vom Bitcoin Halving erklären. Zudem spielt das Verständnis davon eine wichtige Rolle für den letzten Abschnitt dieses Artikels. Wer direkt etwas tiefer in das Bitcoin Halving einsteigen will, dem empfehlen wir folgenden Artikel: https://bitcoin-2go.de/bitcoin-halving/ Das dritte Bitcoin Halving fand erst vor wenigen Tagen statt. Am 11.05.2020 wurde die BTC Geschichte um einen weiteren fundamentalen Einschnitt erweitert. Viele Bitcoiner haben diesem Tag schon seit mehreren Monaten und Jahren entgegengefiebert. Doch warum ist dieses regelmäßige Event so wichtig für das Bitcoin Ökosystem? Hierzu müssen wir erstmal verstehen wie überhaupt neue Bitcoins entstehen. Insgesamt kann es nicht mehr als 21 Millionen BTC geben — soweit, sogut. Aktuell befinden sich ca. 18,38 Millionen BTC bereits in Umlauf. Bedeutet also, dass noch weitere 2,62 Millionen BTC über die nächsten Jahr entstehen werden. Um genauer zu sein, wird die maximale Anzahl voraussichtlich im Jahr 2140 erreicht. Neue Bitcoins entstehen durch neue Blöcke. Miner investieren ihre Computerleistung, um auf die Suche nach neuen Blöcken zu gehen. Sobald ein valider Block gefunden wurde, bekommt der Miner eine Belohnung (Block Reward) in Form von BTC. Diese Belohnung wird mit jedem Halving halbiert. Vor dem letzten Halving sind ca. 1.800 neue BTC jeden Tag neu entstanden. Aktuell nur noch ca. 900 BTC pro Tag. In 4 Jahren reduziert sich diese Anzahl weiter auf 450 BTC usw. Das Halving reduziert also regelmäßig das Angebot an neuen Bitcoins. Dadurch wird Bitcoin noch knapper und seltener. BTC wird sozusagen mit jedem Halving “härter”. An dieser Stelle haben wir eine perfekte Überleitung zum Stock to Flow Verhältnis, womit die Härte eines Gutes bestimmt werden kann. Was ist das Stock to Flow Verhältnis? Das bestimmt die Härte eines Gutes. Je härter das Gut, desto besser eignet es sich als Wertaufbewahrungsmittel. Es wird schon seit vielen Jahren bei Edelmetallen angewandt, um die verschiedenen Härtegrade zu bestimmen und miteinander zu vergleichen. Stock to Flow Verhältnis Das Stock to Flow wird bestimmt indem die umlaufende Menge ( ) durch die jährliche Produktionsrate ( ) geteilt wird. Je höher der Quotient, desto härter ist das zugrundeliegende Gut. stock flow Das Stock to Flow Verhältnis von Bitcoin können wir demnach wie folgt bestimmen: Umlaufende Menge: ca. 18.360.000 BTC Jährliche Produktionsrate : 900 BTC * 365 Tage= 328.500 BTC Bitcoin Stock to Flow Verhältnis = 18.360.000 / 328.500 = 55,89 Zum Vergleich liegt das Stock to Flow Verhältnis von Silber bei ca. 25 und das von Gold bei ca. 62. Bitcoin ist also mehr als doppelt so hart wie Silber und fast so hart wie Gold. Beim nächsten Halving wird sich dieses Verhältnis mehr als verdoppelt und Gold eindeutig hinter sich lassen. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt wird Bitcoin das härteste Gut in der Menschheitsgeschichte. Die Vergangenheit hat gezeigt, dass der Mensch immer das härteste Gut wählt, um seine Werte aufzubewahren. Daher ist es nur eine Frage der Zeit bis sich Bitcoin als digitales Gold durchsetzt. Alles was Bitcoin dafür tun muss ist überleben. Wenn du bereits länger mit dem Gedanken spielst in Bitcoin zu investieren, dann könnten dir folgende Artikel bei der Auswahl der richtigen Handelsplattform helfen: Bitcoin Börsen Vergleich: https://bitcoin-2go.de/wo-bitcoin-kaufen/ Bitcoin kaufen Schritt für Schritt Anleitung: https://bitcoin-2go.de/bitcoin-kaufen-anleitung/ Bitcoin kaufen mit SOFORT-Überweisung: https://bitcoin-2go.de/bitcoin-kaufen-sofortueberweisung/ Bitcoin kaufen mit PayPal: https://bitcoin-2go.de/bitcoin-kaufen-mit-paypal/ Wir hoffen, dass dir der Artikel gefallen hat.

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