The key feature facilitating direct USB connection to the Raspberry Pi on Linux is known as "USB gadget mode". This feature is particularly useful for accessing the Raspberry Pi via SSH; instead of using Wi-Fi, you can do it by connecting your Raspberry Pi to a laptop via USB.

How to Connect a Raspberry Pi to a PC or Laptop Using USB

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The DesignWare USB-C 3.1/DisplayPort Tx 1.3 Tx IP solution consists of USB-C 3.1/DisplayPort 1.3 PHYs, USB-C 3.1/DisplayPort 1.3 controllers (Device, Host, or Dual-Role Device) with HDCP 2.2 content protection, verification IP, IP subsystems, IP ...

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MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. -- July 20, 2016 -- Synopsys, Inc. (Nasdaq:SNPS), today announced the immediate availability of its new DesignWare® MIPI® CSI-2℠ Device Controller IP and DesignWare MIPI DSI℠ Device Controller IP for mobile, automotive and ...

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Designware

designware

A few days ago, I was hanging out on a no-code Slack channel when I read a post that made me pause. Philippe, a freelancer specializing in IT recruitment, had shared a half-testimonial, half-rallying cry that stood out from the usual "how do you do this?” content. His story, in short: "I'm a non-technical professional. I work solo. I don't have investors. I'm a creative person, and I have tons of ideas to help my clients. I believe no-code is a cool concept, but there's not much it can do for me today". He went on to tell us, "I've been waiting for the advent of the no-code industry for the last 10 years. They look useful to devs who want to do what they do faster, but they’re still too confusing for me and my business." The community's answer? • "Do the work.” • "If it's too hard for you, hire someone.” • "It's easy enough as is.” The conversation ended on: "We simply don't have the same definition of easy." It was a real ‘aha’ moment for me. For a while now I've been wondering why no-code tools aren’t picking up faster. Behind the buzz word, the substance is there; a hyper-engaged community supports various editors, each with their own spin on a future where frontend programming is a distant memory. And still, your friends and colleagues—the ones who don't start their day on Product Hunt—know nothing about it. If no-code is reaching maturity, how is it off the radar of so many digital businesses? Why are most companies and agencies still spending gobs of time and money writing code by hand like it’s the ‘90s—even abandoning projects due to resource drain—when one person can complete a project in hours or days? Where no-code tools fall short The truth is that the burgeoning no-code sector still does a mediocre job at addressing professionals' needs. The supporting community is diverse. It’s comprised of people from all backgrounds and skillsets. But a majority of them share common traits: they're makers, founders, and DIYers. Figure-It-Outers (™). People ready to spend hours on YouTube to learn how to build their own company websites, e-commerce stores, and app prototypes. But where are the Graphic Designers? The Lawyers? Where's Philippe, the IT recruiter? Well, they're busy doing their job; dealing with deadlines, clients, colleagues, and bosses. They don't have time for steep learning curves or half-measures. They also don't have time to bring clients and teams on board with weird solutions that nobody’s heard of before. They need solutions that can easily integrate with their current tech stack, in a secure and compliant way. They don't want to have to rationalize to their manager why their no-code build will be 5% shy of GDPR compliance, according to Owen88 from the community forum. That’s not a hill worth dying on. Despite its promise, no-code is at a weird in-between stage. We have simplistic, template-driven editors that are not flexible enough for professionals or their sophisticated business cases. What works for your wedding website doesn't work for your consumer app or workplace automation platform. And on the far end of the spectrum, we have super complicated pseudo-frameworks and toolboxes that can be powerful, but require a programmer mindset and a ton of learning, trial, and error. The market opportunity is in the middle. The biggest success in no-code: Shopify Here are a few numbers to think about: • Shopify was doing $1.58B in . revenue in 2019 • They're on track to . double that in 2020 • are currently running on Shopify, and it just keeps growing. 1.6M e-commerce websites • With ~$230B and growing at an impressive clip, they're on track to become one of the top 3 e-commerce companies globally. It's already the after Amazon. total sales made on Shopify 2nd largest in the US Source: Shopify Q3 2020 Investor Deck Just for comparison, Airtable, which we all love and that 100% qualifies as a successful company, made around $20M in 2018. What Shopify does incredibly well is focusing on one job: e-commerce. It was made by people who used to sell snowboards online and understand what managing an e-commerce website means. Made by merchants, for merchants. It helps you build everything faster: you pick your theme, use their existing PIM system, and enable payments in just a few clicks. Yet everything is customizable. As a merchant, you get to express your creative self and build websites that match your specific brands. Take a look at two famous Shopify stores: & . They look nothing like each other. Allbirds Kylie Cosmetics Finally, Shopify takes care of the tedious, technical things that merchants don't want to manage themselves—like web hosting and payment security, which can be a black hole of galactic proportions. Or even POS; Shopify knows that many merchants must absolutely live both online and offline, and so they've created an omnichannel POS that allows the unification of in-store and online sales. I’ve learned from Shopify that you can and you should go beyond your initial product scope if it helps your customers do their job. Where is (successful) no-code is headed? We’re at a turning point for no-code. To actually change the way software is built, editors need to become both more powerful and more user friendly. The good news is: change is underway. The new generation of no-code tools should adopt the following principles: • Offer pre-configured use cases that minimize the time spent on things where their users don't have value to add. • Be easy to customize and allow users to differentiate themselves professionally. • Integrate with their users' technology stack. • Comply with their users’ legal environment (HIPAA, GDPR, PSD2, Galactic Empire, etc). This can only be done properly when you focus on solving problems for specific categories of professionals and know their environments inside and out. For our part, we’ve built Designware, an under one roof. The entirety of the coding, compiling, and publishing process is automated. Our offering is built specifically for creative professionals: the designers, agency managers, and entrepreneurs of the world, and we focus on providing them with extensive design options from the get-go. This enables outcomes that would normally need to be custom programmed by developers or contractors, but now they have direct, hands-on control of their builds. editor that consolidates both app and website creation To minimize the learning curve, we decided to adopt an editor interface that follows the same norms and principles of existing design tools like Sketch, Figma, or Adobe XD. We want our creative professionals—even those that aren’t technology or design savvy—to feel included, confident, and familiar with Designware from the start. This is also good for our business, in that it eliminates barriers to entry, speeds up adoption, and minimizes support tickets. Beyond just the tooling, we believe a key ingredient to ushering in a successful no-code era is aiming higher than just being another solution for a paying customer. Rather, it’s about fostering ideas and inspiration between like-minded individuals. Guides, video showcases, community forums, and other genuinely useful content should sit adjacent to a strong editor. When our users can become better informed and benefit from us and each other—and advance their own careers in the process—then we all succeed. Closing thoughts There's massive potential for the no-code industry—both economic and cultural—in a way that can significantly alter our way of business and life. We need to reach out and cater to the Philippes of the world, who represent a not-too distant future where all software projects—even the complicated ones—can be produced with sheer creativity and minimal time invested. For those of us in the industry, our opportunity and legacy lies in being proactive enablers of that future.

No-Code Needs To Adapt To Specialists: An Argument

Have you ever come across situational marketing cases like this? Share it with me in the comments or on LinkedIn or Twitter—I love hearing about them!Heads up, I’ll be brief and let the story do the talking. The situation On January 11, 2024, the approval of the Bitcoin ETF was a landmark event in cryptocurrency history. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) chairman Gary Gensler voted to approve Bitcoin ETFs, and Crypto Twitter went wild. For those not in the know, crypto enthusiasts often joke about SEC activities on Twitter 👿 The marketing So, at CoinStats, we swapped the Bitcoin logo on our app and web platforms with Gary’s photo. <ad> For those who might not know, CoinStats is the top crypto portfolio tracker, trusted by over 1 million people worldwide 👑.  </ad> Btw, only some of the user generated comments are included in this article, but the good news is that the screenshots are clickable if you want to dive into all the juicy user-generated content. After that, we sent out a notification to our app users. It looked like a transactional notification, but was intentionally incomplete. To measure the success of any situational marketing case, user-generated comments are essential—stats alone don’t capture the full picture. I believe UGC (user generated content) will convey the story better than I can. For those interested, the stats, including data from Google Search Console, App Store search, and social media analytics, are at the end. 😉 “I will never cancel my subscription” One CoinStats user said they’d never cancel their paid subscription because of situational marketing (check the screenshot below**)**. Who was asking what situational marketing is for?! Is it boosting brand love? 🧡 “…almost made coffee come out of my nose” Who engaged? In crypto, big accounts do not often engage with brands without an incentive. This time, we saw users with large followings engaging. Here are some of them below. So, the app crashed… The situational marketing activity and the push notification did too well, and the app crashed. Back then, we had a technical issue; our infrastructure wasn’t scaling with the increasing user volume. Imagine we’re in the middle of it, and the app crashes. Fortunately, we got it back up quickly.I imagine my face looked something like this at that moment 👇 “Crypto culture and memes” matter And we saw how a loyal user was advocating for his favorite product because the company understands “crypto culture and memes”… Check out the screenshot below. “Got to love CoinStats for this, I.Am.Dead” このせいでアプリ落ちてるの笑うMerci à celui qui a décider de rajouter Garryلوگوی بیتکوین در Just in case you don’t understand the language, the translation is on the screenshot below :) Even on Telegram and Instagram, people were buzzing! I can’t include all the screenshots in this article, but if you’re curious, you can check out the main tweets onthis Google Sheet. Negative feedback 🤗 For full transparency, we received around 5 comments with negative sentiment. Here is one. 👇 Stats (fornerds marketers) Social media Here’s a snapshot of the engagement we tracked: UGC tweets (comments are not included) – 142+
UGC total impressions - 41,500
CGC tweet impressions - 690,000 (organic + sponsored)
The total number of followers who tweeted – 451,000 CoinStats Twitter timeline engagements 👇 Google search Organic, branded Google search traffic reached its highest level in the past 16 months. App Store search App Store downloads from App Store search hit the highest in the last 12 months. 🔴 It’s worth noting that BTC hit $48k for the first time in two years on the same day. So, we don't know the exact attribution. Credits: Arthur Mashinyan- Gary icon designNarek Vartani- Social media engagementTigran B. Mkrtchyan - Idea, execution It's your turn now What would you have done differently in this case? Got any comments or suggestions for this article? Drop them in the comments—I’m open to discussion. Subscribe to InsightOut Marketing on Substack for more stories like this. Have you ever come across situational marketing cases like this? Share it with me in the comments or on LinkedIn or Twitter —I love hearing about them! Heads up, I’ll be brief and let the story do the talking. LinkedIn Twitter The situation On January 11, 2024, the approval of the Bitcoin ETF was a landmark event in cryptocurrency history. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) chairman Gary Gensler voted to approve Bitcoin ETFs, and Crypto Twitter went wild. For those not in the know, crypto enthusiasts often joke about SEC activities on Twitter 👿 Bitcoin ETF Gary Gensler The marketing So, at CoinStats, we swapped the Bitcoin logo on our app and web platforms with Gary’s photo. <ad> For those who might not know, CoinStats is the top crypto portfolio tracker, trusted by over 1 million people worldwide 👑.  </ad> Btw, only some of the user generated comments are included in this article, but the good news is that the screenshots are clickable if you want to dive into all the juicy user-generated content. After that, we sent out a notification to our app users. It looked like a transactional notification, but was intentionally incomplete. To measure the success of any situational marketing case, user-generated comments are essential—stats alone don’t capture the full picture. I believe UGC (user generated content) will convey the story better than I can. For those interested, the stats, including data from Google Search Console, App Store search, and social media analytics , are at the end. 😉 Google Search Console, App Store search, and social media analytics “I will never cancel my subscription” One CoinStats user said they’d never cancel their paid subscription because of situational marketing (check the screenshot below**)**. Who was asking what situational marketing is for?! Is it boosting brand love? 🧡 paid subscription because of situational marketing “…almost made coffee come out of my nose” Who engaged? In crypto, big accounts do not often engage with brands without an incentive. This time, we saw users with large followings engaging. Here are some of them below. So, the app crashed… The situational marketing activity and the push notification did too well, and the app crashed. Back then, we had a technical issue; our infrastructure wasn’t scaling with the increasing user volume. Imagine we’re in the middle of it, and the app crashes. Fortunately, we got it back up quickly. I imagine my face looked something like this at that moment 👇 “Crypto culture and memes” matter And we saw how a loyal user was advocating for his favorite product because the company understands “crypto culture and memes” … Check out the screenshot below. “crypto culture and memes” “Got to love CoinStats for this, I.Am.Dead” このせいでアプリ落ちてるの笑う Merci à celui qui a décider de rajouter Garry لوگوی بیتکوین در Just in case you don’t understand the language, the translation is on the screenshot below :) Even on Telegram and Instagram, people were buzzing! I can’t include all the screenshots in this article, but if you’re curious, you can check out the main tweets on this Google Sheet . this Google Sheet Negative feedback 🤗 For full transparency, we received around 5 comments with negative sentiment. Here is one. 👇 Stats (for nerds marketers) nerds Social media Here’s a snapshot of the engagement we tracked: UGC tweets (comments are not included) – 142+ UGC total impressions - 41,500 CGC tweet impressions - 690,000 (organic + sponsored) The total number of followers who tweeted – 451,000 UGC tweets (comments are not included) – 142+ UGC total impressions - 41,500 CGC tweet impressions - 690,000 (organic + sponsored) The total number of followers who tweeted – 451,000 CoinStats Twitter timeline engagements 👇 Google search Organic, branded Google search traffic reached its highest level in the past 16 months . highest level in the past 16 months App Store search App Store search App Store downloads from App Store search hit the highest in the last 12 months . highest in the last 12 months 🔴 It’s worth noting that BTC hit $48k for the first time in two years on the same day. So, we don't know the exact attribution. Credits: Credits: Arthur Mashinyan - Gary icon design Narek Vartani - Social media engagement Tigran B. Mkrtchyan - Idea, execution Arthur Mashinyan Narek Vartani Tigran B. Mkrtchyan It's your turn now What would you have done differently in this case? Got any comments or suggestions for this article? Drop them in the comments—I’m open to discussion. Subscribe to InsightOut Marketing on Substack for more stories like this. InsightOut Marketing on Substack

We Swapped the Bitcoin Logo With Gary Gensler's Face; Here's What Happened Next

আমরা গ্যারি গেনসলারের মুখ দিয়ে বিটকয়েন লোগো পরিবর্তন করেছি; এখানে কি ঘটেছে পরবর্তী

Wir haben das Bitcoin-Logo mit Gary Genslers Gesicht ausgetauscht. Folgendes geschah als Nächstes

Cambiamos el logo de Bitcoin por el rostro de Gary Gensler: esto fue lo que pasó después

Nous avons remplacé le logo Bitcoin par le visage de Gary Gensler ; voici ce qui s'est passé ensuite

हमने बिटकॉइन लोगो को गैरी जेन्सलर के चेहरे से बदल दिया; आगे क्या हुआ, जानिए

ビットコインのロゴをゲイリー・ゲンスラーの顔に差し替えた結果

우리는 비트코인 로고를 Gary Gensler의 얼굴로 바꾸었습니다. 그 다음에 무슨 일이 일어났는지 알아보세요.

Trocamos o logotipo do Bitcoin pelo rosto de Gary Gensler; aqui está o que aconteceu depois

Мы поменяли логотип Bitcoin на лицо Гэри Генслера. Вот что произошло дальше

Bitcoin Logosunu Gary Gensler'in Yüzüyle Değiştirdik; İşte Sonrasında Neler Oldu

Chúng tôi đã hoán đổi logo Bitcoin với khuôn mặt của Gary Gensler; Đây là những gì đã xảy ra tiếp theo

我们将比特币徽标换成了 Gary Gensler 的脸；接下来发生了什么

 You Can Now Design Your Own Pad Footing Foundation Using Python

Inside WeFi: Exploring the $WFI Token and Project’s Ecosystem

WeFi এর ভিতরে: $WFI টোকেন এবং প্রকল্পের ইকোসিস্টেম অন্বেষণ করা

Inside WeFi: Udforskning af $WFI-tokenet og projektets økosystem

Dentro de WeFi: exploración del token $WFI y el ecosistema del proyecto

Dentro de WeFi: explorando o $WFI Token e o ecosistema do proxecto

WeFi के अंदर: $WFI टोकन और प्रोजेक्ट के इकोसिस्टम की खोज

WeFiの内側: $WFIトークンとプロジェクトのエコシステムを探る

WeFi 내부: $WFI 토큰과 프로젝트 생태계 탐색

WeFi ичинде: $WFI Токенин жана Долбоордун экосистемасын изилдөө

Na kati ya WeFi: Koluka $WFI Token mpe Écosystème ya Projet

ພາຍໃນ WeFi: ການສຳຫຼວດ $WFI Token ແລະລະບົບນິເວດຂອງໂຄງການ

Ndani ya WeFi: Kuchunguza Tokeni ya $WFI na Mfumo wa Ikolojia wa Mradi

Ngaphakathi kwe-WeFi: Ukuphonononga i-Token ye-WFI ye-$ kunye ne-Ecosystem yeProjekthi

How to Manage Permissions in a Langflow Chain for LLM Queries Using Permit.io

Dear Lumoz Community, We’re thrilled to announce that the Lumoz OG NFT event will officially launch on November 12 at 16:00 (UTC+8)! To celebrate this historic moment and prepare for our upcoming mainnet, Lumoz will be rolling out a series of exciting events, giving you the chance to acquire NFTs of various rarities, unlock esMOZ in advance, and dive deeper into Lumoz’s mainnet journey! Obtain Lumoz OG NFTs now at Lumoz Official Website! Introduction to Lumoz OG NFT The Lumoz OG NFT collection consists of one million NFTs in three different rarity levels: Sly (Slytherin), Puff (Hufflepuff), and Claw (Ravenclaw). Each represents the identity and status of community members within the Lumoz ecosystem—Sly embodies ambition; Puff stands for hard work and justice; and Claw symbolizes wisdom and courage. In the future, these NFTs will journey alongside Lumoz toward a remarkable mainnet adventure. Utility of Lumoz OG NFT In short, with the Lumoz OG NFT, users can instantly convert esMOZ to MOZ without any lock-up period. Sly allows 200 esMOZ to be directly converted to MOZ. Puff allows 1,000 esMOZ to be directly converted to MOZ. Claw allows 5,000 esMOZ to be directly converted to MOZ. Note: Without any NFT benefits, esMOZ will still follow a 1:1 conversion ratio with MOZ; however, the conversion process will include a certain unlock period. For detailed rules, please refer to the official documentation. Ways to Obtain Lumoz OG NFT: Complete Tasks on the Galxe Quest Platform: Participate in Galxe activities for a chance to obtain an NFT, with a total allocation of 100,000 available.
Participation link: https://app.galxe.com/quest/Lumoz/GCjZStVuHr


Lumoz Discord Community Loyalty Rewards, NFTs are distributed in two ways: 1) Every Tuesday, based on user activity levels. Users need to send their address in a designated channel to claim. 2)Through regular quizzes, polls, and other events in Discord.
Participation link: https://discord.com/invite/lumozorg


Global KOL Incentive Program: Open to global KOLs to recognize past, present, and future contributions to Lumoz. The number of NFTs per KOL is limited, first-come, first-served!
Application link: https://forms.gle/bgwoi6fZcgzQXaK19


Direct Airdrop to Lumoz Node Holders: Details to be announced.


Lumoz Ecosystem Partner and Developer Incentives: More details will be released during the event. Lumoz has also prepared a detailed tutorial on how to obtain the Lumoz OG NFT. Check it out! Upgrade to Lumoz OG NFT Features The Lumoz OG NFTs were designed to better serve community users. Beyond providing basic redemption functionality, we aim to enhance the fun and playability of these NFTs to the fullest. In the future, these NFTs may support various functionalities like free trading, burning, and staking. We will release more details on these NFTs soon, so stay tuned! Notably, last week we opened the Lumoz esMOZ airdrop query, and so far, over 3 million users have participated. This week, we also announced an airdrop for the CARV community—please check your eligibility. Additional airdrops are coming soon, so stay tuned! Finally, a big thank you to every community member for supporting Lumoz. Let’s welcome the Lumoz mainnet launch together and embark on this exciting journey! About Lumoz Lumoz is a leading modular computing layer and ZK-RaaS (Zero-Knowledge Rollup as a Service) platform that utilizes a PoW (Proof-of-Work) mining mechanism to effectively provide computing power for rollups, ZK-ML (Zero-Knowledge Machine Learning), and ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof) verification. In the first half of this year, Lumoz completed its Pre-A round and strategic financing, raising a total of $14 million to date, with its latest valuation reaching $300 million. Key investors include OKX Ventures, HashKey Capital, IDG, Web3port, and Polygon. Lumoz has successfully conducted three rounds of incentivized testnets, attracting over 1.5 million regular users, 200+ projects, 28,137 validators, and 145 PoW miners. The mainnet is expected to launch by the end of this year. Dear Lumoz Community, We’re thrilled to announce that the Lumoz OG NFT event will officially launch on November 12 at 16:00 (UTC+8)! To celebrate this historic moment and prepare for our upcoming mainnet, Lumoz will be rolling out a series of exciting events, giving you the chance to acquire NFTs of various rarities, unlock esMOZ in advance, and dive deeper into Lumoz’s mainnet journey! Obtain Lumoz OG NFTs now at Lumoz Official Website ! Lumoz Official Website Lumoz Official Website Introduction to Lumoz OG NFT The Lumoz OG NFT collection consists of one million NFTs in three different rarity levels: Sly (Slytherin), Puff (Hufflepuff), and Claw (Ravenclaw). Each represents the identity and status of community members within the Lumoz ecosystem—Sly embodies ambition; Puff stands for hard work and justice; and Claw symbolizes wisdom and courage. In the future, these NFTs will journey alongside Lumoz toward a remarkable mainnet adventure. Utility of Lumoz OG NFT In short, with the Lumoz OG NFT, users can instantly convert esMOZ to MOZ without any lock-up period. Sly allows 200 esMOZ to be directly converted to MOZ. Puff allows 1,000 esMOZ to be directly converted to MOZ. Claw allows 5,000 esMOZ to be directly converted to MOZ. Note: Without any NFT benefits, esMOZ will still follow a 1:1 conversion ratio with MOZ; however, the conversion process will include a certain unlock period. For detailed rules, please refer to the official documentation. Note: Without any NFT benefits, esMOZ will still follow a 1:1 conversion ratio with MOZ; however, the conversion process will include a certain unlock period. For detailed rules, please refer to the official documentation . official documentation official documentation Ways to Obtain Lumoz OG NFT: Complete Tasks on the Galxe Quest Platform: Participate in Galxe activities for a chance to obtain an NFT, with a total allocation of 100,000 available.
Participation link: https://app.galxe.com/quest/Lumoz/GCjZStVuHr Lumoz Discord Community Loyalty Rewards, NFTs are distributed in two ways: 1) Every Tuesday, based on user activity levels. Users need to send their address in a designated channel to claim. 2)Through regular quizzes, polls, and other events in Discord.
Participation link: https://discord.com/invite/lumozorg Global KOL Incentive Program: Open to global KOLs to recognize past, present, and future contributions to Lumoz. The number of NFTs per KOL is limited, first-come, first-served!
Application link: https://forms.gle/bgwoi6fZcgzQXaK19 Direct Airdrop to Lumoz Node Holders: Details to be announced. Lumoz Ecosystem Partner and Developer Incentives: More details will be released during the event. Complete Tasks on the Galxe Quest Platform: Participate in Galxe activities for a chance to obtain an NFT, with a total allocation of 100,000 available. Participation link: https://app.galxe.com/quest/Lumoz/GCjZStVuHr Complete Tasks on the Galxe Quest Platform: Participate in Galxe activities for a chance to obtain an NFT, with a total allocation of 100,000 available. Participation link: https://app.galxe.com/quest/Lumoz/GCjZStVuHr https://app.galxe.com/quest/Lumoz/GCjZStVuHr https://app.galxe.com/quest/Lumoz/GCjZStVuHr Lumoz Discord Community Loyalty Rewards, NFTs are distributed in two ways: 1) Every Tuesday, based on user activity levels. Users need to send their address in a designated channel to claim. 2)Through regular quizzes, polls, and other events in Discord. Participation link: https://discord.com/invite/lumozorg Lumoz Discord Community Loyalty Rewards, NFTs are distributed in two ways: 1) Every Tuesday, based on user activity levels. Users need to send their address in a designated channel to claim. 2)Through regular quizzes, polls, and other events in Discord. Participation link: https://discord.com/invite/lumozorg https://discord.com/invite/lumozorg https://discord.com/invite/lumozorg Global KOL Incentive Program: Open to global KOLs to recognize past, present, and future contributions to Lumoz. The number of NFTs per KOL is limited, first-come, first-served! Application link: https://forms.gle/bgwoi6fZcgzQXaK19 Global KOL Incentive Program: Open to global KOLs to recognize past, present, and future contributions to Lumoz. The number of NFTs per KOL is limited, first-come, first-served! Application link: https://forms.gle/bgwoi6fZcgzQXaK19 https://forms.gle/bgwoi6fZcgzQXaK19 https://forms.gle/bgwoi6fZcgzQXaK19 Direct Airdrop to Lumoz Node Holders: Details to be announced. Direct Airdrop to Lumoz Node Holders: Details to be announced. Lumoz Ecosystem Partner and Developer Incentives: More details will be released during the event. Lumoz Ecosystem Partner and Developer Incentives: More details will be released during the event. Lumoz has also prepared a detailed tutorial on how to obtain the Lumoz OG NFT. Check it out! detailed tutorial detailed tutorial Upgrade to Lumoz OG NFT Features Upgrade to Lumoz OG NFT Features The Lumoz OG NFTs were designed to better serve community users. Beyond providing basic redemption functionality, we aim to enhance the fun and playability of these NFTs to the fullest. In the future, these NFTs may support various functionalities like free trading, burning, and staking. We will release more details on these NFTs soon, so stay tuned! Notably, last week we opened the Lumoz esMOZ airdrop query, and so far, over 3 million users have participated. This week, we also announced an airdrop for the CARV community—please check your eligibility. Additional airdrops are coming soon, so stay tuned! Finally, a big thank you to every community member for supporting Lumoz. Let’s welcome the Lumoz mainnet launch together and embark on this exciting journey! check your eligibility. check your eligibility. About Lumoz About Lumoz Lumoz is a leading modular computing layer and ZK-RaaS (Zero-Knowledge Rollup as a Service) platform that utilizes a PoW (Proof-of-Work) mining mechanism to effectively provide computing power for rollups, ZK-ML (Zero-Knowledge Machine Learning), and ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof) verification. In the first half of this year, Lumoz completed its Pre-A round and strategic financing, raising a total of $14 million to date, with its latest valuation reaching $300 million. Key investors include OKX Ventures, HashKey Capital, IDG, Web3port, and Polygon. Lumoz has successfully conducted three rounds of incentivized testnets, attracting over 1.5 million regular users, 200+ projects, 28,137 validators, and 145 PoW miners. The mainnet is expected to launch by the end of this year.

Towards Glory: Lumoz OG NFT Event is Now Live!

نحو المجد: حدث Lumoz OG NFT مباشر الآن!

Şöhrətə Doğru: Lumoz OG NFT Tədbiri İndi Canlıdır!

Hacia la gloria: ¡el evento NFT de Lumoz OG ya está disponible!

栄光に向かって: Lumoz OG NFT イベントが開始しました!

Towards Glory: Lumoz OG NFT ღონისძიება ახლა პირდაპირ ეთერშია!

ឆ្ពោះទៅរកសិរីរុងរឿង៖ ព្រឹត្តិការណ៍ Lumoz OG NFT ឥឡូវនេះបានផ្សាយបន្តផ្ទាល់ហើយ!

Даңкка карай: Lumoz OG NFT окуясы азыр түз эфирде!

Mankany Voninahitra: Lumoz OG NFT hetsika dia velona izao!

මහිමය කරා: Lumoz OG NFT උත්සවය දැන් සජීවී වේ!

Towards Glory: Lumoz OG NFT Event je teraz naživo!

Назустріч славі: подія Lumoz OG NFT уже транслюється!

Towards Glory: Sự kiện NFT Lumoz OG đã chính thức diễn ra!

Hello developers, let's talk about donations for a minute. Imagine a "hypothetical" world where the top 50% earners around the world donated only but just $1 monthly out of their annual income. Surprisingly, this small gesture could rake in a staggering $42 BILLION - money that could empower small NGOs to bring that "small" change that could bring about transformative change to people's lives across the globe. Yes, in the “hypothetical” world where this happens, there would be enough to meaningfully improve lives, reduce inequality, and address urgent needs. But, how did I come up with that number? Let's do the math together now, shall we? Who are the top 50% of earners? You may be thinking, “I’m not exactly wealthy, just an average person.” Well, the statistics would rather say otherwise. You might be surprised to learn that a lot of people do qualify as top earners by global standards. If you earn approximately $23,380 annually, you are already above the bottom half of the global income distribution -- alongside approximately 3.5 Billion others. This also means that almost half of the world's population is positioned to make a tangible impact on the other bottom half, even with very small contributions. How did the $42 Billion come about? Since we have now established some of the facts: There are approximately 3.5 BILLION people who are above the bottom half of the global income distribution which makes them 50% of the top earners around the world.
The top 50% earners on planet earth earn approximately $23,380 annually which can be said to be $1,948 per month. If each of these 3.5 billion people contributed just $1 per month which by the way is 0.0513% ($1/$1948 = x %100) of their monthly income -- the collective impact would be massive: 3.5 billion people × $1 × 12 months = $42 billion annually The need for Trustless Donation Platforms Currently, the charitable landscape is marred by significant trust issues between donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). High-profile scandals, like the cases of Oxfam and Kids Company, where funds raised through donations were misused and there were serious ethical breaches. Events like these have led to increased skepticism amongst potential donors, who fear their contributions would not be utilized as intended. According to the report on a study done by the World Economic Forum, trust in NGOs has rapidly declined due to bad perceptions that these organizations have become overly focused on fundraising at the expense of their core missions, further alienating the public they aim to serve. This rapid decline in trust is also further compounded by a lack of accountability and most importantly transparency in traditional donation methods. Since donors usually feel disconnected from the impact of their contributions they have doubts about whether their contributions are being put to good use. Studies have shown that if there is no transparent and clear information on the operational and performance models of NGOs, the public's confidence in them will reduce which directly impacts their funding and sustainability. The rise of these challenges further calls for solutions, like  -- trustless donation platforms. These are platforms that use blockchain technology to create transparent and immutable records of donations, ensuring that funds are tracked accurately and transparently between donors and NGOs. One such innovative solution is Rootstock, a platform that enhances Bitcoin's capabilities by enabling smart contracts and decentralized applications. By eliminating the need for middle-men and allowing direct oversight through smart contracts, trustless donation platforms built on Rootstock can rebuild confidence among donors. What is Rootstock? Rootstock is the first and longest-lasting sidechain for Bitcoin that represents a significant evolution of blockchain technology. Rootstock or RSK integrates Bitcoin's proof-of-work consensus with the dynamic capabilities of smart contracts that were originally popularized by Ethereum. This enhances Bitcoin's functionality and also opens a new world of possibilities for developers. By introducing smart contract functionality to the Bitcoin network, Rootstock allows developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) that can autonomously execute complex agreements. They were able to achieve this by using a forked version of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), known as the Rootstock Virtual Machine (RVM). This is great because now developers can leverage existing Ethereum tools and resources, making it easier to build and deploy dApps on Rootstock while also simultaneously leveraging Bitcoin security. In addition, Rootstock adds a programmable layer to Bitcoin by allowing faster creation times -- approximately every 30 seconds compared to Bitcoin's 10 minutes. Now that block generation is faster the execution of smart contracts has become more efficient enabling a great ecosystem of applications that can now easily interact with Bitcoin's infrastructure. The integration of features like the Powpeg — a trustless bridge that allows for the transfer of Bitcoin to and from Rootstock—further solidifies its role as a critical layer in the broader blockchain landscape. Designing a Trustless Donation System Architecture To build or design a system for a trustless donation system we have to bear in mind that the key feature of the system is to foster transparency and accountability in donations. As previously mentioned, as philanthropy evolves, so do the need for solutions that addresses the inherent trust issues between donors and organizations becomes evident. Multi-signature Wallets The foundation of this architecture is the use of multi-signature (multi-sig) wallets that require private keys to authorize transactions. This approach ensures that security is enhanced by distributing control among several parties, thereby reducing the risk of fraud or mismanagement of funds. For example, in a 2-of-3 multisig setup, at least two out of three designated signatories must approve any transaction, ensuring that no single individual has unilateral control over the funds. This unique approach not only safeguards assets but also ensures trust among donors who can be assured that their contributions are being managed responsibly. Smart Contracts In addition to multisig wallets, smart contracts play a very important role in managing the funds donated. Using solidity, you can design contracts that automate certain aspects of fund distribution, including setting donation limits and setting up voting systems for the distribution of funds. This level of flexibility allows responsiveness to the preferences of the donors, allowing a more democratic approach to how funds are managed. Smart contracts can ensure that certain conditions are met before funds are released to enhance accountability. Real-time tracking Another key aspect of this architecture is real-time tracking of funds. Integrating with the RSK block explorer, donors can monitor the flow of their contribution transparently. This is to further enhance transparency and allow donors to hold the NGOs accountable. Two-way Peg Finally, the technical security provided by RSK's two-way peg mechanism ensures trustlessness when converting Bitcoin (BTC) to Rootstock Bitcoin (RBTC) and vice versa. This system allows users to transfer their Bitcoin assets to the RSK platform while maintaining the integrity and security of their original holdings. The two-way peg ensures that each BTC on RSK is equivalent to an RBTC, directly reinforcing trust in the conversion process and enabling seamless interactions within the donation ecosystem. Conclusion: Future Applications and Expansion The benefits of a trustless platform could extend beyond just technological advancements; they could represent a fundamental shift in how donations are perceived and managed in the charitable sector. One of the main features or advantages of a trustless platform is its ability to provide security and transparency. By leveraging a range of Bitcoin's security features and Rootstock's smart contract features, donors can be assured that their contributions are safeguarded against fraud and mismanagement. Looking ahead, there are many ways to expand the platform’s functionality. For example, adding multi-currency support could attract a broader range of donors from different regions, enabling them to contribute using their preferred cryptocurrencies. More so, RSK-based DeFi features could be integrated into the platform to allow for financial products that can allow ending or yield generation from donations. In summary, the future applications and expansion of a trustless donation platform hold immense promise. By leveraging the power of Rootstock and Bitcoin, we can create a more secure, transparent, and trustworthy environment for charitable giving. Resources Rootstock Built for Bitcoin
Blockchain for Good
Sidechain and RSK
Rootstock Fundamental
Does Social Trust Influence Charitable Giving for NGOs?
Why is Trust in NGOs failing – World Economic Forum
What is Multisig and How does it work
Smart Bitcoin Hello developers, let's talk about donations for a minute. Imagine a " hypothetical " world where the top 50% earners around the world donated only but just $1 monthly out of their annual income. Surprisingly, this small gesture could rake in a staggering $42 BILLION - money that could empower small NGOs to bring that "small" change that could bring about transformative change to people's lives across the globe. Yes, in the “ hypothetical” world where this happens, there would be enough to meaningfully improve lives, reduce inequality, and address urgent needs. But, how did I come up with that number? Let's do the math together now, shall we? hypothetical hypothetical” Who are the top 50% of earners? You may be thinking, “I’m not exactly wealthy, just an average person.” Well, the statistics would rather say otherwise. You might be surprised to learn that a lot of people do qualify as top earners by global standards. If you earn approximately $23,380 annually , you are already above the bottom half of the global income distribution -- alongside approximately 3.5 Billion others. If you earn approximately $23,380 annually 3.5 Billion This also means that almost half of the world's population is positioned to make a tangible impact on the other bottom half, even with very small contributions. How did the $42 Billion come about? Since we have now established some of the facts: There are approximately 3.5 BILLION people who are above the bottom half of the global income distribution which makes them 50% of the top earners around the world. The top 50% earners on planet earth earn approximately $23,380 annually which can be said to be $1,948 per month. There are approximately 3.5 BILLION people who are above the bottom half of the global income distribution which makes them 50% of the top earners around the world. The top 50% earners on planet earth earn approximately $23,380 annually which can be said to be $1,948 per month. If each of these 3.5 billion people contributed just $1 per month which by the way is 0.0513% ($1/$1948 = x %100) of their monthly income -- the collective impact would be massive: 3.5 billion people × $1 × 12 months = $42 billion annually 3.5 billion people $1 12 months $42 billion annually The need for Trustless Donation Platforms Currently, the charitable landscape is marred by significant trust issues between donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). High-profile scandals, like the cases of Oxfam and Kids Company , where funds raised through donations were misused and there were serious ethical breaches. Events like these have led to increased skepticism amongst potential donors, who fear their contributions would not be utilized as intended. According to the report on a study done by the World Economic Forum , trust in NGOs has rapidly declined due to bad perceptions that these organizations have become overly focused on fundraising at the expense of their core missions, further alienating the public they aim to serve. Oxfam Kids Company a study done by the World Economic Forum This rapid decline in trust is also further compounded by a lack of accountability and most importantly transparency in traditional donation methods. Since donors usually feel disconnected from the impact of their contributions they have doubts about whether their contributions are being put to good use. Studies have shown that if there is no transparent and clear information on the operational and performance models of NGOs, the public's confidence in them will reduce which directly impacts their funding and sustainability. The rise of these challenges further calls for solutions, like  -- trustless donation platforms . These are platforms that use blockchain technology to create transparent and immutable records of donations, ensuring that funds are tracked accurately and transparently between donors and NGOs. One such innovative solution is Rootstock , a platform that enhances Bitcoin's capabilities by enabling smart contracts and decentralized applications. By eliminating the need for middle-men and allowing direct oversight through smart contracts, trustless donation platforms built on Rootstock can rebuild confidence among donors. trustless donation platforms Rootstock What is Rootstock? Rootstock is the first and longest-lasting sidechain for Bitcoin that represents a significant evolution of blockchain technology. Rootstock or RSK integrates Bitcoin's proof-of-work consensus with the dynamic capabilities of smart contracts that were originally popularized by Ethereum. This enhances Bitcoin's functionality and also opens a new world of possibilities for developers. Rootstock is the first and longest-lasting sidechain for Bitcoin By introducing smart contract functionality to the Bitcoin network, Rootstock allows developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) that can autonomously execute complex agreements. They were able to achieve this by using a forked version of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), known as the Rootstock Virtual Machine (RVM) . This is great because now developers can leverage existing Ethereum tools and resources, making it easier to build and deploy dApps on Rootstock while also simultaneously leveraging Bitcoin security. Rootstock Virtual Machine (RVM) In addition, Rootstock adds a programmable layer to Bitcoin by allowing faster creation times -- approximately every 30 seconds compared to Bitcoin's 10 minutes. Now that block generation is faster the execution of smart contracts has become more efficient enabling a great ecosystem of applications that can now easily interact with Bitcoin's infrastructure. The integration of features like the Powpeg — a trustless bridge that allows for the transfer of Bitcoin to and from Rootstock—further solidifies its role as a critical layer in the broader blockchain landscape. Rootstock adds a programmable layer to Bitcoin by allowing faster creation times -- approximately every 30 seconds compared to Bitcoin's 10 minutes. Designing a Trustless Donation System Architecture To build or design a system for a trustless donation system we have to bear in mind that the key feature of the system is to foster transparency and accountability in donations. As previously mentioned, as philanthropy evolves, so do the need for solutions that addresses the inherent trust issues between donors and organizations becomes evident. trustless Multi-signature Wallets The foundation of this architecture is the use of multi-signature (multi-sig) wallets that require private keys to authorize transactions. This approach ensures that security is enhanced by distributing control among several parties, thereby reducing the risk of fraud or mismanagement of funds. For example, in a 2-of-3 multisig setup, at least two out of three designated signatories must approve any transaction, ensuring that no single individual has unilateral control over the funds. This unique approach not only safeguards assets but also ensures trust among donors who can be assured that their contributions are being managed responsibly. multi-signature (multi-sig) wallets Smart Contracts In addition to multisig wallets, smart contracts play a very important role in managing the funds donated. Using solidity, you can design contracts that automate certain aspects of fund distribution, including setting donation limits and setting up voting systems for the distribution of funds. This level of flexibility allows responsiveness to the preferences of the donors, allowing a more democratic approach to how funds are managed. Smart contracts can ensure that certain conditions are met before funds are released to enhance accountability. Real-time tracking Another key aspect of this architecture is real-time tracking of funds . Integrating with the RSK block explorer, donors can monitor the flow of their contribution transparently. This is to further enhance transparency and allow donors to hold the NGOs accountable. real-time tracking of funds Two-way Peg Finally, the technical security provided by RSK's two-way peg mechanism ensures trustlessness when converting Bitcoin (BTC) to Rootstock Bitcoin (RBTC) and vice versa. This system allows users to transfer their Bitcoin assets to the RSK platform while maintaining the integrity and security of their original holdings. The two-way peg ensures that each BTC on RSK is equivalent to an RBTC, directly reinforcing trust in the conversion process and enabling seamless interactions within the donation ecosystem. Conclusion: Future Applications and Expansion The benefits of a trustless platform could extend beyond just technological advancements; they could represent a fundamental shift in how donations are perceived and managed in the charitable sector. One of the main features or advantages of a trustless platform is its ability to provide security and transparency. By leveraging a range of Bitcoin's security features and Rootstock's smart contract features, donors can be assured that their contributions are safeguarded against fraud and mismanagement. Looking ahead, there are many ways to expand the platform’s functionality. For example, adding multi-currency support could attract a broader range of donors from different regions, enabling them to contribute using their preferred cryptocurrencies. More so, RSK-based DeFi features could be integrated into the platform to allow for financial products that can allow ending or yield generation from donations. In summary, the future applications and expansion of a trustless donation platform hold immense promise. By leveraging the power of Rootstock and Bitcoin, we can create a more secure, transparent, and trustworthy environment for charitable giving. Resources Rootstock Built for Bitcoin Blockchain for Good Sidechain and RSK Rootstock Fundamental Does Social Trust Influence Charitable Giving for NGOs? Why is Trust in NGOs failing – World Economic Forum What is Multisig and How does it work Smart Bitcoin Rootstock Built for Bitcoin Rootstock Built for Bitcoin Blockchain for Good Blockchain for Good Sidechain and RSK Sidechain and RSK Rootstock Fundamental Rootstock Fundamental Does Social Trust Influence Charitable Giving for NGOs? Does Social Trust Influence Charitable Giving for NGOs? Why is Trust in NGOs failing – World Economic Forum Why is Trust in NGOs failing – World Economic Forum What is Multisig and How does it work What is Multisig and How does it work Smart Bitcoin Smart Bitcoin

 $42 Billion and a Trustless Donation Platform

Transforming Legacy with Domain-Driven Design, IV: Insights

How to Implement Multi-Tenant Authentication with Keycloak in an Angular Spring Boot Stack

On the eve of January 9th, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto published the version 0.1 code for Bitcoin software on Sourceforge and launched the network by defining the genesis block of Bitcoin (block 0). I’d like to think that anyone who understood this technology early on would have bought into the hype train pretty quickly. I mean, who wouldn’t be intrigued by the idea of digital money? By promising to empower true peer-to-peer interactions—no middlemen, no banks, no “big brother”—Satoshi’s open-source design welcomed everyone to be part of a network that no single person or entity could own or control. When we view this technology over the long run, it has lived up to its seemingly lofty promises. At the risk of sounding too passionate, it is restorative, reconstructive, and even revolutionary. This technology has led to countless innovations. From the smart contracts and the proof-of-stake functionality of Ethereum to the proof-of-stake mechanism on Solana, to newer blockchains in the Cosmos ecosystem (including Injective, Atom, Celestia, etc.) all growing rapidly and becoming more interconnected. Built on these different blockchains are several products, including games, DeFi (Decentralized Finance), lending and borrowing protocols, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), RWAs (Real World Assets), and many more. One of the latest protocols to launch on the Bitcoin ecosystem, and one that has quickly made waves across the entire crypto space, is the Rune Protocol. The foundation for Rune’s development is closely tied to the rise of the Ordinals protocol. Since Ordinals was introduced, the DeFi ecosystem on Bitcoin has experienced marked growth, paving the way for fungible tokens. What are Runes? Casey Rodarmor, driven by his passion for innovation, was the force behind the creation of the Ordinals protocol. In September 2023, he took his vision further by developing Rune. His goal was to revolutionize the way fungible tokens were issued and controlled directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. In an interview on the Bankless YouTube channel, Casey highlighted that establishing a robust fungible token protocol for Bitcoin could greatly expand its user base, attract more developers, and boost transaction fee revenue. DeFi revolves around fungible tokens. Fungible tokens are digital assets that can be exchanged for other digital assets. They are used to facilitate lending, borrowing, and decentralized exchanges. Although Bitcoin provides a safe, decentralized base for the development of DeFi applications, Ethereum leads in the DeFi department due to its flexibility in the creation of tokens. For fungible tokens, however, the core architecture of Bitcoin poses a problem (taking Omni Layer as an example where the complicated structure of the system is increased by the system’s reliance on extra layers constructed on top of Bitcoin). With Runes, on the other hand, there’s a significant shift as they enhance direct token operations by leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain itself. The Runes protocol is built on a UTXO-based (Unspent Transaction Outputs) foundation that facilitates a more minute transaction management and is consistent with Bitcoin’s original design. How does the Rune Protocol work? Runes are the basic units representing fungible tokens at the center of the protocol. In solid contrast to Ethereum’s ERC-20 standard, the Bitcoin UTXO system comes with Runes built in. Each Rune can be uniquely identified by its Rune ID, which also contains data regarding its value and current output. Three (3) concepts establish the framework of the Runes protocol, namely; 1. UTXOs 2. Runestones 3. OP_RETURN The protocol functions using a mechanism in which each transaction output represents unspent Bitcoin that can be used as input for a new transaction. The protocol utilizes this model to embed data about token creation and transfers directly within Bitcoin transactions. It is totally unlike Ethereum’s account-based system; that’s where the UTXO model comes in. The OP_RETURN function is a Bitcoin opcode that makes it possible to include data in a transaction without compromising its legitimacy. This data, which is just 80 bytes long, contains details regarding the etching and transfer of tokens as well as other features. In contrast to standard Bitcoin transactions, which involve sending currency, OP_RETURN is intended to attach additional data. It is not possible to spend the coins within this output normally. The use case for the OP_RETURN function is wide and cannot be streamlined to runes protocol alone, developers use it to; - Timestamp documents - Store small bits of game data - Embed messages, and of course - Create tokens on Bitcoin Although the main objective of Bitcoin is safe financial transactions, OP_RETURN adds a little flexibility to the platform as it enables the permanent recording of minute amounts of data on the blockchain without obstructing its primary function. The messages that are encoded within transactions using OP_RETURN are called Runestones. These encoded messages include information on the precise operations being carried out with a Rune token, including; adding new units, moving current ones, or destroying them. There are three types of these encoded messages (Runestones) namely; Etching: This describes the origin of a new Rune token. It includes specifications such as the initial supply, divisibility, token name, and symbol.
Transfer:  This type of Runestone carries the Rune ID, output number, and the amount to be transferred.
Burn: This type of runestone deliberately destroys a certain number of Runes. It is very helpful in controlling the supply of the token. Runestones are key components in the Rune lifecycle—from its creation to validation. Etching is described as a process of creating a fungible token using the Runes protocol. This major step involves designing a Bitcoin transaction with a special message (encoded using the OP_RETURN opcode). This Runestone serves as an origin for the new token, outlining its salient attributes that include; - A unique name - A recognizable Symbol - Divisibility - Initial Supply After miners have validated and processed a transaction containing etched Runestone, a new Rune token is created and stored in the transaction’s allocated output. Also, another thing to note about the etching process is its permission and compatibility for pre-mining process in which a certain number of the Runes are allocated to the creator’s wallet before they are minted. The transfer of a freshly etched Rune token is carried out by a specialized Runestone known as the transfer Runestone. The message stored in the transfer Runestone for a new Bitcoin transaction highlights the specifics of the move. The attributes that are stored in transfer Runestone include; - The Rune's identity - It helps to identify the exact Rune token being transferred by including its unique ID. - The Current location on the Bitcoin blockchain where the Runes currently reside - The New destination for the Rune token (usually a destination Bitcoin address) - The amount of Rune tokens being transferred The specified quantity of Runes travels to the destination Bitcoin address automatically as soon as miners approve this transaction. The Runes protocol prides itself in its security and this makes it beautiful, and like any working system, the protocol has inbuilt check and balance system to ensure everything runs smoothly. The gatekeepers in the Bitcoin network are the miners and the nodes, who verify every transaction including Runestones. They guarantee that; - Runes aren’t duplicated - Runes aren’t unexpectedly destroyed - Runes follow their designated path In the case of any mishap of a Runestone, for example, an invalid encoding or a missed output, the transaction would get flagged as invalid. To sort this out, Cenotaphs are required. Cenotaphs basically burn/destroy Runes. They act as a deterrent for sloppy UTXO management. This mechanism encourages the conscious and meticulous use of Runes. In conclusion, the introduction of the Runes protocol has upgraded DeFi in the Bitcoin ecosystem and has significantly reduced the entire blockchain bloat. Unlike other token solutions that create tiny, unspendable outputs, Runes focuses on integration with Bitcoin’s UTXO system, and by the reduction of these unspendable outputs, it keeps the blockchain leaner. The Runes protocol represents a major shift in the interaction possibilities of fungible tokens and the Bitcoin network. It also represents how far we have come from Satoshi’s first line of code- Which will undoubtedly bring a smile to his face. On the eve of January 9th, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto published the version 0.1 code for Bitcoin software on Sourceforge and launched the network by defining the genesis block of Bitcoin (block 0). I’d like to think that anyone who understood this technology early on would have bought into the hype train pretty quickly. I mean, who wouldn’t be intrigued by the idea of digital money? By promising to empower true peer-to-peer interactions—no middlemen, no banks, no “big brother”—Satoshi’s open-source design welcomed everyone to be part of a network that no single person or entity could own or control. When we view this technology over the long run, it has lived up to its seemingly lofty promises. At the risk of sounding too passionate, it is restorative, reconstructive, and even revolutionary. This technology has led to countless innovations. From the smart contracts and the proof-of-stake functionality of Ethereum to the proof-of-stake mechanism on Solana, to newer blockchains in the Cosmos ecosystem (including Injective, Atom, Celestia, etc.) all growing rapidly and becoming more interconnected. Built on these different blockchains are several products, including games, DeFi (Decentralized Finance), lending and borrowing protocols, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), RWAs (Real World Assets), and many more. One of the latest protocols to launch on the Bitcoin ecosystem, and one that has quickly made waves across the entire crypto space, is the Rune Protocol. The foundation for Rune’s development is closely tied to the rise of the Ordinals protocol. Since Ordinals was introduced, the DeFi ecosystem on Bitcoin has experienced marked growth, paving the way for fungible tokens. What are Runes? What are Runes? Casey Rodarmor, driven by his passion for innovation, was the force behind the creation of the Ordinals protocol. In September 2023, he took his vision further by developing Rune. His goal was to revolutionize the way fungible tokens were issued and controlled directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. In an interview on the Bankless YouTube channel, Casey highlighted that establishing a robust fungible token protocol for Bitcoin could greatly expand its user base, attract more developers, and boost transaction fee revenue. DeFi revolves around fungible tokens. Fungible tokens are digital assets that can be exchanged for other digital assets. They are used to facilitate lending, borrowing, and decentralized exchanges. Although Bitcoin provides a safe, decentralized base for the development of DeFi applications, Ethereum leads in the DeFi department due to its flexibility in the creation of tokens. For fungible tokens, however, the core architecture of Bitcoin poses a problem (taking Omni Layer as an example where the complicated structure of the system is increased by the system’s reliance on extra layers constructed on top of Bitcoin). With Runes, on the other hand, there’s a significant shift as they enhance direct token operations by leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain itself. The Runes protocol is built on a UTXO-based (Unspent Transaction Outputs) foundation that facilitates a more minute transaction management and is consistent with Bitcoin’s original design. How does the Rune Protocol work? How does the Rune Protocol work? Runes are the basic units representing fungible tokens at the center of the protocol. In solid contrast to Ethereum’s ERC-20 standard, the Bitcoin UTXO system comes with Runes built in. Each Rune can be uniquely identified by its Rune ID, which also contains data regarding its value and current output. Three (3) concepts establish the framework of the Runes protocol, namely; 1. UTXOs 2. Runestones 3. OP_RETURN The protocol functions using a mechanism in which each transaction output represents unspent Bitcoin that can be used as input for a new transaction. The protocol utilizes this model to embed data about token creation and transfers directly within Bitcoin transactions. It is totally unlike Ethereum’s account-based system; that’s where the UTXO model comes in. The OP_RETURN function is a Bitcoin opcode that makes it possible to include data in a transaction without compromising its legitimacy. This data, which is just 80 bytes long, contains details regarding the etching and transfer of tokens as well as other features. In contrast to standard Bitcoin transactions, which involve sending currency, OP_RETURN is intended to attach additional data. It is not possible to spend the coins within this output normally. The use case for the OP_RETURN function is wide and cannot be streamlined to runes protocol alone, developers use it to; - Timestamp documents - Store small bits of game data - Embed messages, and of course - Create tokens on Bitcoin Although the main objective of Bitcoin is safe financial transactions, OP_RETURN adds a little flexibility to the platform as it enables the permanent recording of minute amounts of data on the blockchain without obstructing its primary function. The messages that are encoded within transactions using OP_RETURN are called Runestones. These encoded messages include information on the precise operations being carried out with a Rune token, including; adding new units, moving current ones, or destroying them. There are three types of these encoded messages (Runestones) namely; Etching: This describes the origin of a new Rune token. It includes specifications such as the initial supply, divisibility, token name, and symbol. Transfer:  This type of Runestone carries the Rune ID, output number, and the amount to be transferred. Burn: This type of runestone deliberately destroys a certain number of Runes. It is very helpful in controlling the supply of the token. Etching : This describes the origin of a new Rune token. It includes specifications such as the initial supply, divisibility, token name, and symbol. Etching Transfer :  This type of Runestone carries the Rune ID, output number, and the amount to be transferred. Transfer Burn : This type of runestone deliberately destroys a certain number of Runes. It is very helpful in controlling the supply of the token. Burn Runestones are key components in the Rune lifecycle—from its creation to validation. Etching is described as a process of creating a fungible token using the Runes protocol. This major step involves designing a Bitcoin transaction with a special message (encoded using the OP_RETURN opcode). This Runestone serves as an origin for the new token, outlining its salient attributes that include; Etching - A unique name - A recognizable Symbol - Divisibility - Initial Supply After miners have validated and processed a transaction containing etched Runestone, a new Rune token is created and stored in the transaction’s allocated output. Also, another thing to note about the etching process is its permission and compatibility for pre-mining process in which a certain number of the Runes are allocated to the creator’s wallet before they are minted. The transfer of a freshly etched Rune token is carried out by a specialized Runestone known as the transfer Runestone . The message stored in the transfer Runestone for a new Bitcoin transaction highlights the specifics of the move. The attributes that are stored in transfer Runestone include; transfer Runestone - The Rune's identity - It helps to identify the exact Rune token being transferred by including its unique ID. - The Current location on the Bitcoin blockchain where the Runes currently reside - The New destination for the Rune token (usually a destination Bitcoin address) - The amount of Rune tokens being transferred The specified quantity of Runes travels to the destination Bitcoin address automatically as soon as miners approve this transaction. The Runes protocol prides itself in its security and this makes it beautiful, and like any working system, the protocol has inbuilt check and balance system to ensure everything runs smoothly. The gatekeepers in the Bitcoin network are the miners and the nodes, who verify every transaction including Runestones. They guarantee that; - Runes aren’t duplicated - Runes aren’t unexpectedly destroyed - Runes follow their designated path In the case of any mishap of a Runestone, for example, an invalid encoding or a missed output, the transaction would get flagged as invalid. To sort this out, Cenotaphs are required. Cenotaphs basically burn/destroy Runes. They act as a deterrent for sloppy UTXO management. This mechanism encourages the conscious and meticulous use of Runes. In conclusion, the introduction of the Runes protocol has upgraded DeFi in the Bitcoin ecosystem and has significantly reduced the entire blockchain bloat. Unlike other token solutions that create tiny, unspendable outputs, Runes focuses on integration with Bitcoin’s UTXO system, and by the reduction of these unspendable outputs, it keeps the blockchain leaner. The Runes protocol represents a major shift in the interaction possibilities of fungible tokens and the Bitcoin network. It also represents how far we have come from Satoshi’s first line of code- Which will undoubtedly bring a smile to his face.

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