Artpoolis in the Non Fungible Tokens Industry

Artpool

Decentralization Levels: Bitcoin's Proof-of-Work vs. Obyte's DAG Approach

বিকেন্দ্রীকরণ স্তর: বিটকয়েনের কাজের প্রমাণ বনাম ওবাইটের ডিএজি পদ্ধতি

Dezentralisierungsebenen: Bitcoins Proof-of-Work vs. Obytes DAG-Ansatz

Niveles de descentralización: prueba de trabajo de Bitcoin frente al enfoque DAG de Obyte

Niveaux de décentralisation : la preuve de travail de Bitcoin par rapport à l'approche DAG d'Obyte

विकेंद्रीकरण स्तर: बिटकॉइन का प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क बनाम ओबाइट का DAG दृष्टिकोण

分散化レベル: ビットコインのプルーフ・オブ・ワーク vs. Obyte の DAG アプローチ

분산화 수준: 비트코인의 작업 증명과 Obyte의 DAG 접근 방식

Níveis de descentralização: Prova de Trabalho do Bitcoin vs. Abordagem DAG da Obyte

Уровни децентрализации: доказательство работы Биткойна против подхода Obyte DAG

Merkezi Olmama Düzeyleri: Bitcoin'in Proof-of-Work'ü ve Obyte'nin DAG Yaklaşımı

Cấp độ phi tập trung: Bằng chứng công việc của Bitcoin so với phương pháp tiếp cận DAG của Obyte

去中心化程度：比特币的工作量证明与 Obyte 的 DAG 方法

89 Stories To Learn About Bitcoin Price

229 Stories To Learn About Bitcoin Spotlight

Let's learn about via these 53 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Bitcoin Mining /Learn Repo 1. Who will mine the last mine Bitcoin? Who will mine the last Bitcoin? 2. Bitcoin Mining and Traditional Banking Energy Consumption: The Truth Over the years, analysts and environmentalists have constantly called Bitcoin mining an energy-intensive venture. This has brought a continuous spotlight on Bit 3. Is Bitcoin Really That Bad For The Environment? Questions about the environmental friendliness of the cryptocurrency business appeared 2 years ago. Is the current situation really that bad as many say? 4. 💰 Why ASIC Miners Are a Great Investment for Passive Income ? 🚀 ASIC Miners Are a great investment for passive income, be sure to choose it wisely to reach the best mining profitability. 5. Invest in Yourself. It’ll Pay Dividends For You and Those Around You I don’t know if this is the best advice I’ve ever given someone, but for most people I’d say: INVEST IN YOU 6. Is the End of Bitcoin Near? The price of an asset is determined by supply and demand. BTC is limited to 21 million units, with 18.7 million presently in circulation. 7. Blockchain In Bullet Points The simplest explanation of the blockchain in the world, what its nine main characteristics are, what makes up a blockchain, hashing,  the body of the block. 8. Why Selfish Mining is Detrimental to a Blockchain Network Selfish mining is a scenario where a miner mines a new block but fails to publish it for other miners to see and add it to the chain of blocks on their ends. 9. Is it Still Profitable to Invest in Bitcoin Mining Hardware or Cloud Mining? What do Reports Say? In December 2018, the crypto industry was shaken amid rumors about one of the largest Bitcoin mining firm Bitmain’s plans to lay off 50% of its staff. Earlier in November, one of the most trusted GPU manufacturers Nvidia also reported a decline in the sale of mining chips. This caused a dent of 23 billion in market valuation of the company. 10. Bitcoin Efficient: Introduction to the Concept This is just a concept, but perhaps can lead to a community-driven and open source project that tackles Bitcoin's Energy Efficiency problem. The project, which I dub "Bitcoin Efficient", might do just that, and much more. Unlike other hard forks from BTC such as Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin Efficient aims to have dramatic changes in regards to hashing and consensus. The project aims to change the way Bitcoin is being mined. 11. #Debunked: 3 False Narratives Surrounding Bitcoin Bitcoin false narratives debunked , bitcoin mining, bitcoin illicit activity, bitcoin CIA, Bitcoin use cases 12. Here’s Why You Should Not Buy Bitcoin 20 reasons not to buy bitcoin. Investing isn't for everyone. Bitcoin has a way of humbling everyone who gets involved with i.t 13. Bitcoin Mining Still Requires Too Much Energy Bitcoin is far less popular now than it was in its heyday, when the world’s leading cryptocurrency was regularly dominating international headlines and leading newcomers into the burgeoning crypto-marketplace. After it caught on like wildfire amongst non-traditional investors, the Bitcoin hype also generated a slew of headlines and controversies surrounding the immense amount of energy that’s needed to mine - or generate - new tokens. These days, that controversy has largely died down, but many people still wonder if Bitcoin mining still presents a serious new global warming problem. 14. Volcanos and New Proof Methods are great, but Bitcoin's Energy Problem Falls on the Community The environmental cost of blockchain technologies and cryptocurrencies is high, but the answer doesn't only lay with energy production and better proof methods 15. If You Want Bitcoin to Succeed, Then F&ck the Institutions Institutional investors don't hold the key to Bitcoin's growth. They're definitely not looking out for you or your interests. 16. Better Cryptography Means a Better Bitcoin Currently, Bitcoin is quite limited in regards to its cryptography and reaching its true decentralization potential. One of my aims is to change all that. Bitcoin has the problem of an increasingly large carbon footprint, potential threats to it being breakable, and specialized brute force attacks that are becoming increasingly complex. 17. Bitcoin's Post-Halving Hash Rate [Analyzed] The cryptocurrency industry has just experienced the most anticipated event, Bitcoin (BTC) 2020 halving. The last 12.5 Bitcoin block has been mined by F2Pool and encoded the message of “NYTimes 09/Apr/2020 With $2.3T Injection, Fed’s Plan Far Exceeds 2008 Rescue.” paying tribute to Satoshi Nakamoto. Antpool was in luck and mined the first 6.25 Bitcoin block. 18. Proof-of-Stake vs Proof-of-Work vs Proof-of-Time: What’s the Difference? We'll look at the difference between these three algorithms - Proof-of-Stake vs Proof-of-Work vs Proof-of-Time and how they compare. 19. The Future of Bitcoin Network Will be Powered by Green Energy: Unhashed #11 Unhashed is a QnA series where I speak with top execs of new and established blockchain projects to unravel the mystery of blockchain & crypto. 20. Top Crypto Miners in the Market for 2022 This guide's selection of bitcoin mining equipment adheres to the most secure cryptographic procedures to keep your cryptocurrency secure. 21. Why Australia Might Become A Bitcoin Mining Superpower Australia seems to have the perfect trifecta of government stability and support, societal adoption, and bountiful sunshine and land for clean energy production 22. What You Need to Know About Bitcoin's Energy Usage Learn the truth about Bitcoin’s energy consumption and understand why its environmental impact isn’t as bad you think. 23. A Water-Cooling Upgrade That Can Give Bitcoin Miners Their Power Back In typical open and transparent fashion Bitcoin mining sales and service company Meta-Luban does another public test of their water-cooling systems... 24. How Chicago Can Nuke Out its Crypto Ambitions Chicago seeks to ride the Bitcoin train back to relevance. Here is how they can do it. 25. The End Of Crypto Mining Is Just The Beginning Of Crypto A soundbyte news item recently took the crypto community by storm: 85% of the world’s Bitcoin supply has been mined. 26. Digging Further Down the Mine: Understanding Bitcoin Difficulty Bitcoin mining difficulty is currently at an all-time high. 27. Is Bitcoin Really Bad for the Environment? While there is some legitimacy to Bitcoin's negative carbon footprint, the claims are overblown and distributed ledgers can actually help the environment. 28. How The Blockchain Works Explained Visually In this article, we will explore how the blockchain helps cryptocurrencies work with both the architecture and how currencies are mined for transactions. 29. Will Liquid-Cooled Miners Dominate the 3rd Hashrate Revolution? Mining hashrate has come to a crossroads. Water-cooled products are being accepted and recognized by mainstream manufacturers, but will they dominate? 30. "Ukrainians [are] among the top adopters of cryptocurrency in the world" Bitcoin among other Cryptocurrencies may soon be used legally in Ukraine, once President Volodymyr Zelensky signs legislation passed by Ukraine’s Parliament. 31. Can bitcoin-denominated UBI fight hyperinflation? A proposal to solve the hyperinflation problem through adopting Bitcoin UBI, powered by Stacks blockchain Proof-of-transfer mechanism. 32. Mainstream Media Can Do Better Than Releasing Hyperbolic Articles Against Bitcoin Major mainstream media made a coordinated attack on Bitcoin’s energy consumption. 33. What Does China’s Crypto Crackdown Mean for the Industry? China is getting tough on crypto. Same as it ever was, right? But this time the pushback is real. What does it mean for bitcoin miners and crypto as a whole? 34. Post Bitcoin Halving: What Lays Ahead? Bright points, potential pitfalls and what you can look out for 35. The Bitcoin Halving: Miner Economics and Institutional Mining At 5:55 PM EST on May 11, 2020, the third Bitcoin Halving will occur. Over the last several weeks, the price of Bitcoin has soared nearly 30% as speculators and long-term hodlers are accumulating ahead of the highly anticipated event. 36. How The Halving Will Impact Bitcoin's Price and Production This year, sometime around mid-May, an event long anticipated in the Bitcoin community will occur: halving, i.e. the reward granted to miners per block added to the already existing blockchain (from 12.5 BTC to 6.25 BTC) will be halved. The history of Bitcoin will see 32 halvings, and we are approaching merely the third one. Very many people continue to wonder about the impact of this halving, about the evolution of the price, about what will happen with the miners, etc. 37. "Without mining, there is no Bitcoin" This article covers everything you need to know about the process, history, and principles behind Bitcoin mining. 38. How to Convert a 110TH Air-Cooled Miner into a 180TH Liquid-Cooled Beast! The Antminer series 19 Antminer S19 Pro can be upgraded with liquid-cooled technology on large scales and this post proves it. 39. Sovereign Currency Development: A Chat with an OG of Bitcoin Mining I remote chat this afternoon with Dunstan Teo, a blockchain architect and consultant for projects and enterprises, big and small. He’s also a builder of sovereign level tech, a creator of new economic models, a president of a multi office advisory, an author, an advisor to exchanges, and more. 40. Bitcoin in 2020: How To Make The Right Valuation Since its launch in 2009, Bitcoin has continued to thrill and confuse the global financial markets. 41. Lowering The Electricity Costs Of Mining Bitcoin [A How-To Guide] Bitcoin remains an incredibly tantalizing digital asset, as those who invest wisely in this cryptocurrency can earn huge sums of money for themselves. Bitcoin miners and investors are nevertheless forced to contend with the fact that their market is incredibly volatile, and that technological changes are constantly upsetting industry practices. New and more efficient bitcoin mining processes, for instance, can help lower the energy costs associated with producing the digital tokens. 42. Bitcoin's Halving and Pricing Through the Prism of Stock to Flow Method A look at pricing methods of Bitcoin in the context of the Stock to Flow Method and the upcoming halving. 43. The Relevance of Bitcoin Halving Bitcoin halvings occur every 210,000 blocks that have been mined on the blockchain, which is roughly at four-year intervals. 44. Could the Bitcoin Halving Cause a Price Halving? On May the 11th, Bitcoin went through its third halving in its albeit short lifetime. Whilst this event was celebrated by most in the crypto community, some bring up some valid concerns about whether or not many miners will be able to survive with their revenues effectively cut by almost 50% in a single day. 45. Bitcoin on the Brink: What Could Trigger a Capitulation? Bitcoin's volatility is nothing new, but it seems to ramp up as we approach, what could be a critical juncture for the cryptocurrency. 46. On Wild IPOs; Tech Addiction; & Airbnb's Policies Post-Shooting —  #StuffIReadThisMorning 47. Bitcoin: Have Incentives Gone Wrong? Only when all coins are minted and miners are only rewarded by transaction fees will we know the extent of the genius embedded in Satoshi Nakamoto's game theory 48. Understanding the Correlation Between the Bitcoin Price and Bitcoin Mining What is Mining: 49. RSK Bitcoin Merged Mining Returns to Miners Beats The Industry Average Bitcoin mining is often touted as one of the safest and quickest ways to earn the world’s leading cryptocurrency. However, due to factors such as enormous energy consumption and requirement for complex technical hardware, Bitcoin mining has many times eluded small miners. 50. "Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks" - Where To Find this on the Bitcoin Blockchain "Where can I find the famous title of The Times in Bitcoin blockchain? Is the page saved into the blockchain?" 51. Proof of Work is the Solution Not a Problem Proof of Work is the most secure Internet protocol ever created 52. Bitcoin Imaginaries: Do They Even Need the Real World? I read academic papers about blockchain for a living. Some of them are groundbreaking, others are pure garbage, but one paper, written by Yong Ming Kow and Caitlin Lustig, appeared to be hard to forget - I am still not sure to which bucket it belongs. 53. Bitcoin On-Ramp: The Comprehensive Guide On How To Get Bitcoin Cryptocurrency has revolutionized how global citizens view what the definition of currency may mean. Even at a young age, most people understood the power of currency. We perceived money as a mystical object that provided access to our wishes: candy, food, and fun. Thank you for checking out the 53 most read stories about Bitcoin Mining on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

53 Stories To Learn About Bitcoin Mining

Let's learn about via these 75 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Cryptocurrency News /Learn Repo What's new in the world of crypto? Go beyond bitcoin price falling and bitcoin price rising. 1. The Crypto Outlook for 2022 and Beyond There is no doubt that cryptocurrencies and blockchain have massive potential and we are only starting to tap it. 2. Convince Your Anti-Crypto Friends That Crypto Is Worth Using 3. Gold-Backed Cryptocurrency: What to Know About the Digital Token Assets of Tomorrow? Gold-backed cryptocurrency is something worth considering if you have doubts about the stability of any digital investments you might have. Or so it seems. 4. The Blockchain Industry in 2022: The Present and An Exciting Future Let's take a look at how some of these innovations are faring in 2022. 5. When a Stablecoin Isn’t So Stable, Terra and the Crash of UST What happened when a stablecoin lost its footing and the sequence of events that led Terra and UST to experience a meteoric fall as a consequence of that. 6. Top Rated Korean Publisher Netmarble is Bringing NFT Collection to Binance NFT Binance NFT has announced an NFT collection drop in collaboration with Netmarble Corporation, a top developer and publisher in the mobile gaming industry. 7. Akon’s Crypto City Moves Ahead Awarding $6B Construction Contract United States engineering firm KE International awarded Senegalese-American singer and entrepreneur Akon with a $6 billion contract to build a cryptocurrency city in Senegal. 8. Top 7 Crypto Events in 2022 There are a lot of crypto events planned for 2022; so in this article I want to share my top 7 conferences for this year. 9. Hot July for Crypto Market: Big Burning News is Coming In June 2022, the whole crypto industry experienced one more wave of panic caused by uncertainty. 10. Banks Are the Key to Crypto Adoption in the United States Cryptocurrency is about to become more accessible, thanks to a new mandate by the United States Office of the Comptroller of Currency (OCC). Now, National Banks and Federal Savings Associations “of all sizes” can provide cryptocurrency custody to customers, a report from The Block notes. 11. 4 Must-Have Crypto Browser Extensions Top crypto browser extensions to help you in your crypto journey. 12. Standard Chartered: Bitcoin to Plunge to $5K Though a $5000 market price looks impractical, Standard Chartered believes that the financial market will tend away from being bullish. 13. Why Countries are Rushing to Adopt Bitcoin as Legal Tender Why Latin American region is the first to adopt Bitcoin as a legal tender, how does it affect people and local businesses. Which countries next to adopt Bitcoin 14. Why the Hottest News at Bitcoin 2022 Was Not About Bitcoin This year’s Bitcoin 2022 in Miami came after the legalization of Bitcoin in El Salvador in September last year bringing the announcement of Shopify integration 15. Bitcoin Taproot: A Multifarious Upgrade to the Bitcoin Ecosystem Why the new Bitcoin taproot might be a massive upgrade for the cryptocurrency and why its implementation might be crucial for keeping the system secure. 16. 5 Countries That Are Betting on Blockchain As cryptocurrency hits the digital wallets of citizens in countries around the world, different governments are reacting in different ways. While some clamp down on the industry, others are seizing the opportunity to take advantage of its rapid growth. 17. Doge Wars: Attack Of The Clones Dogecoin's popularity has inspired more clones with very similar names to emerge, creating a situation where the name itself is in contention between coins. 18. Dollar Devaluation Drives Enterprises to Cryptocurrency Bitcoin was born as a solution to the damage created by money printing. With the decentralised nature of cryptocurrencies, we can solve this problem. 19. Will High Gas Fees Pose a Roadblock to Blockchain Adoption? The transaction fees associated with Ethereum are likely to stand in the way of its mass adoption by increasing the cost of using the cryptocurrency. 20. Security Exchange Commission SEC Has Officially Delisted Long Blockchain Corporation The stock of Long Blockchain corporation has delisted by the SEC after the company renamed itself from Long island iced tea corporation. 21. Elon Musk Said Dogecoin is Better Than Bitcoin for Payments. Is He Right? The past week has been quite interesting for the crypto market. Coin prices are still witnessing mixed results primarily because investors are nervous heading 22. Tech Giant’s Interest Sends Cryptocurrency Prices Sharply Higher The crypto market boost comes after the technology giants Amazon and Twitter both disclosed the fact that they are taking cryptocurrencies more seriously 23. Brace Yourself: Crypto Is Coming! Headlines say that only one in five Americans own crypto, but the figure is closer to two out of three for wealthy Millennials. 24. Capitol Building Rioters Under Scanner For Bitcoin Transactions Examining Bitcoin's role in the Capitol Building attack. 25. Sounding The Death Knell for Cash Money: How Far Is It? Crypto founders share their views on whether physical currency will disappear altogether 26. How to explain NFTs to a Boomer I faced this issue recently. I had to explain what NFTs are to my Dad who is a Boomer.  This is a summary of how I went about it. It will help you one day. 27. Crypto Newbies: Expectation vs. Reality This is a short comparison of Crypto Newbie’s Expectations Vs. Reality when entering the Crypto world. 28. From Internet Voting to Blockchain Voting: From Good to Better If you've perchance stumbled over any of my previous ramblings, you'll know I believe blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionise the way we vote. I've been writing about it for over a year now on Hackernoon. In that time, I've had the chance to speak with some of the foremost experts in the field, Amelia Powers Gardener (now County Commisioner for Utah) and Philipe Andrea (silver-tongued advocate for Voatz), amongst others,  and I've learned a lot about the many ways that blockchain can be used to improve the voting process. 29. How New Startups are Helping Remove the ONE Thing that Terrifies Would-Be Crypto Investors Last year, crypto saw everything from 7,000% gains to catastrophic failures, where anyone investing would have got a better return if they'd burned their assets 30. "The Idea Behind Digital Сurrencies is to Reduce Total Control Over Money Markets" - Dmitry Filyaev The crypto market has evolved significantly since Bitcoin’s whitepaper was conceived 12 years ago, shortly after the U.S Financial Crisis which devastated the global economy. Today, this space enjoys a cool $400 billion in market capitalization with Bitcoin taking the lion share at a 62.4% dominance. Unlike like in the past where Bitcoin was the main narrative, dynamics are now shifting as crypto innovators pivot towards decentralized products and ecosystems. 31. 16 Best Crypto Blogs to Read in 2022 The top 16 crypto blogs that can keep you up to date with cryptocurrencies, including crypto news, product releases, new regulations and product reviews. 32. Top 10 Cryptocurrencies With a Better Future Than Bitcoin To generate profit in crypto wallets at some point throughout the investment, crypto investors can search for alternative top 10 cryptocurrencies. 33. Burned By LUNA? You're Not Alone If you lost money on LUNA, know that many millions of others did also, including some very big institutions. Stay strong, follow the tips and come out safely 34. Web3 is Making it Easier to Back Ukrainian Resistance Cryptocurrencies and NFTs have emerged as a powerful new tool to deliver aid to desperate communities, and this time the donations are fast and transparent. 35. My Development Proposals For TheNewBoston: Payment Gateway and  Sidechain I have been working on a lot of different proposals for an up and coming cryptocrurrency known as TheNewBoston. TheNewBoston or TNB, if you don't know what it is, is a cryptocurrency created by the channel TheNewBoston. However, what this crypto is, is something beyond anything I have seen for a while. TNB has an insanely fast transaction speeds, is lightweight, and rewards contributors to its ecosystem. It is also slowly being launched, and offering various developer bounties. 36. The FTX Collapse Summarized A brief summary of how the number 2 crypto exchange in the world, FTX, comes to its collapse 37. Bitcoin (BTC) is Still Not Showing Bullish Signs as it Trades Below $42,000 Bitcoin (BTC) is not showing any decisive bullish signs even though the cryptocurrency market is back trading in the green on January 10. 38. SushiSwap’s Token Launchpad, MISO, Deceived by $3 Million Hack The token platform of a popular DEX SushiSwap, MISO, has become the latest hack victim with $3 million in Ethereum(ETH) stolen in a year full of hacks. 39. NFT: Is GIFs Selling For Millions of Dollars The Economy of The Future? NFT tokens are the blockchain trend in 2021, first of all, are related to the very industry’s most vibrant progress. 40. BitMEX AML Violation - Are We Prepared To See A Crypto-Derivatives Exchange Exit Scam? Just about the time today I was writing a LinkedIn post touting the greatness of Huobi Global, BitMEX and founders were drowning in a sea of despair, loneliness, and certain doom in light of CFTC and criminal charges. 41. What the LUNA Crash Means For The Crypto Market In case you missed it, LUNA used to be one of the biggest cryptocurrencies on the planet, but now, it’s absolutely worthless. [42. Crypto Companies Facilitating Initiatives to Support Ukraine](https://hackernoon.com/crypto-companies-facilitating-initiatives-to-support-ukraine) Crypto is making it easier for individuals and companies to support humanitarian causes. If anything the ongoing war in Ukraine has proven the need for a decentralized financial system that allows intercontinental transfers that shield anonymity and don’t involve third-parties. There have been plenty of individuals who have answered the financial call to support Ukraine and Ukrainians in that nation’s time of need. Some crypto industry leaders have stepped up to help out and provide humanitarian assistance as well. Here’s a few: 43. Ethereum Layer 2 is Rising to the Challenge We've seen a meteoric rise in Ethereum layer 2 as many leading DeFi protocols are now building on, or porting contracts to, a number of thriving L2 ecosystems. 44. Lessons From 2022 - The Worst Year for Crypto in History Let's think back on the most important things that happened in 2022  with crypto market and look ahead to see what 2023 has in store for us. 45. Is the IMF Pressuring Countries to Abolish Crypto? The IMF recently took a strong stance against crypto regulations in Argentina, warning of potential legal and financial issues. It's clear the IMF isn't keen on 46. 4 BEST Crypto Coins To Invest In 2022 The crypto market has had a rough few months as of late, but now, there are a lot of indications that the market may see a sharp rise very soon in 2022 47. Why Fantom (FTM) Could Be A Good Cryptocurrency Investment This post will look at why Fantom (FTM) is a good investment that should be considered by any serious investor. 48. Polkastarter IDOs: Crypto Fundraising, Reinvented (yet again) BDC Consulting analyzed 39 IDO projects held on Polkastarter in the past 6 months and found that buying tokens at an IDO and selling them an hour later on Uniswap can yield over 2,000% in profits, 49. What Happened to Solana (SOL)? Solana (SOL), a fast emerging blockchain project, has caught the attention of investors in the crypto space in recent weeks. 50. Mainstream Media Can Do Better Than Releasing Hyperbolic Articles Against Bitcoin Major mainstream media made a coordinated attack on Bitcoin’s energy consumption. 51. Is Tesla Adding Dogecoin as a Payment Option? Twitter user @BitDeepu tweeted an image of Tesla’s source code that shows that Dogecoin holders can buy Tesla Model Y with their DOGE tokens. 52. Binance Copies Yet Again: The Victim Investigates the [Alleged] Perpetrators On April 13th, 2020, Binance announced the news that they've launched options trading on their mobile App. After testing and comparing, we found that the so-called Binance Options trading looked exactly the same as the Options trading we have seen and tested on BitOffer in October 2019. (Editor's Disclaimer: The author works at BitOffer) 53. Jack Dorsey Formalizes Legal Defense to Protect Bitcoin Developers Ex CEO of Twitter Jack Dorsey, Alex Morcos, and Martin White published an email to Bitcoin developers about establishing a Bitcoin Legal Defense Fund. 54. Down The Rabbit Hole: Theta Network The Theta Network: 55. ScriptSig: A Bitcoin Architecture Deep Dive Today Luke Asks: 56. ‘DubaiCoin’ Leaps 1000% Within 24 Hours after False Claims Dubai's DubaiCoin, $DBIX, is a new central bank digital currency 57. Bitcoin's Post-Halving Hash Rate [Analyzed] The cryptocurrency industry has just experienced the most anticipated event, Bitcoin (BTC) 2020 halving. The last 12.5 Bitcoin block has been mined by F2Pool and encoded the message of “NYTimes 09/Apr/2020 With $2.3T Injection, Fed’s Plan Far Exceeds 2008 Rescue.” paying tribute to Satoshi Nakamoto. Antpool was in luck and mined the first 6.25 Bitcoin block. 58. Why Australia Might Become A Bitcoin Mining Superpower Australia seems to have the perfect trifecta of government stability and support, societal adoption, and bountiful sunshine and land for clean energy production 59. #CorrelateThis - The Neural Activity of Mice Indicates Cryptocurrency Price Fluctuations In his research, Gvido reported the discovery of neurons that showed a neural correlation to the price fluctuations of the main cryptocurrencies! 60. Sub-Markets on Crypto-Exchanges and Their Volumes [An Analysis] The article lists the crypto sub-markets of a number of crypto-exchanges, and gives results of a snapshot — a moment in time, of the trading volumes of the most traded items, normalized — in percentages, and arranged from max to min. 61. Interesting Events That Are Happening in the Crypto Space 2022 Let's look at some essential developments within the crypto space this year. 62. Singapore, Named as a Top Technology Hub in 2021, Is Now an Environmental Crypto Pioneer Fintech hub Singapore is set for another pioneering role, which naturally has connections to the world of technology, and that’s environmental crypto. 63. A Deep Dive into Augur and What v2 Holds for Its Users Augur is a decentralized prediction market protocol built upon Ethereum which allows users to speculate on anything. Prediction markets are a sector ripe for disruption from blockchain technology; however, scalability problems and broader adoption remain as potential growth inhibitors when it comes to a project like Augur. 64. The Crypto Paradox: ICO failures, and the rise of STOs — 2019 The cryptocurrencies at present are not threatening any traditional currencies like the Devil Dollar, why because they are already battling intrinsic issues like unanticipated price manipulations, pump and dump of schemes, and acts of cybercriminals that contribute to this ongoing paradox. 65. How to Make Crypto Simple and Trustworthy: CryptoEQ Cofounder Interview Houston, Texas “Would you ever invest in something you don’t understand?” Spencer Randall asked me. It is a compelling question, one of the challenges preventing mass cryptocurrency adoption. “People don’t understand Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. That’s why we’re here to share our insights, analysis, and make more people aware of this asset class.” 66. Nevermind the Shitcoins is Back (and bigger than ever!) What do you get if you cross the latest blockchain and cryptocurrency news with a very British host who dreams of hosting his own comedy panel quiz show? 67. How Bitcoin as Legal Tender in Latin America Affects The Rest of the World El Salvador adopting Bitcoin as a legal tender, crypto adoption in Latin America and developing economies. 68. Why I Think Fusion Gets Blockchain Interoperability Right The decentralized industry is abuzz with the phrase “blockchain interoperability.” It is arguably a core faucet of blockchain technology and vital for future success. The phrase describes what blockchain has to achieve before we consider the technology successful in all aspects. 69. Crypto A to Z: Cryptocurrency Glossary The most important words in cryptocurrency enthusiasts' and newbies' need to familiarize themselves with. 70. Bitcoin is Making a Significant Recovery Bitcoin made a spectacular comeback last week and made a jump back above the magical $20.000-level which was the highest valuation point of its last cycle. 71. "Our magic is 360-degree Market Analysis, Trading Signals & Sentiment Analysis" - Spencer Randall Houston, Texas “Would you ever invest in something you don’t understand?” Spencer Randall asked me. It is a compelling question, one of the challenges preventing mass cryptocurrency adoption. “People don’t understand Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. That’s why we’re here to share our insights, analysis, and make more people aware of this asset class.” 72. The Crypto Industry Is Facing Pressure After Pressure The crypto ecosystem is currently facing mounting pressure from regulatory authorities. 73. The Do's and Don'ts of Starting a Podcast The two main factors that determine a new show's popularity are the level of production and effort, and the consistency of the episode release schedule. 74. 5 Minute Finance: ROCK.JPEG, Institutions Gain BTC Exposure, Stablecoins Mature The 5-minute newsletter on the important stuff in finance — reporting what's going on, and why. Let’s see what's going on this week. 75. Crypto Crash? Not Really... This week's "crypto crash" is more of an "everything crash", and no cause for alarm. Check out the surrounding context and do not fall for media scaremongers Thank you for checking out the 75 most read stories about Cryptocurrency News on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

75 Stories To Learn About Cryptocurrency News

81 Stories To Learn About Research

Decentralized Finance or DeFi is a form of blockchain-based finance that offers financial services without any central intermediaries. What used to be a niche ecosystem with a TVL of less than $100 Million in the year 2017 grew to over $200 Billion at the peak of the last bull run in 2022. TVL or Total Value Locked is the value of the crypto assets locked in a DeFi smart contract. - Source The flip side of the tremendous growth is that it has become a honeypot for some of the most sophisticated hackers across the world. Billions of dollars have been lost to security vulnerabilities and economic failures. If you are a crypto believer, you can’t ignore the movement of Decentralized Finance. While the ecosystem is too nascent for us to identify all potential risks, a look at the DeFi stack can help us understand the different ways things can break and thus inform how we can go about participating in the ecosystem. None of what follows is financial advice. Neither will I claim to be an exhaustive list of risks in DeFi. Treat it more as a starting point and a framework for identifying different risks that may exist in a DeFi Investment Approach. The DeFi Stack We can look at the DeFi ecosystem as a combination of the following five layers. All DeFi protocols are deployed on a blockchain network. The blockchain network provides the computational platform for the execution of the smart contracts that power the DeFi service. Blockchain Networks - The tokens are the underlying assets that are used by the protocol to deliver a service. A Lending Protocol might enable the lending and borrowing of a particular crypto token to be used by traders as a form of leverage. A Decentralized Exchange might have a pool that allows users to swap one token for another. Crypto Tokens - DeFi Protocols are open-source computer programs that run on blockchain networks and provide financial services. Protocol - These are the web interfaces that users use to interact with the DeFi Protocols. Some wallets such as , , and offer in wallet integrations with Protocols too directly from the mobile. dApp Interface - Argent Coinbase Brew Money Cryptocurrency wallets hold the private keys that allow users to make payments, deploy and withdraw funds from defi protocols, and more. Wallets - Risks in Blockchain Network Layer Unlike popular perception, blockchains are not infallible. Security vulnerabilities can allow malicious actors to siphon off funds or take over control of the network. The 51% Attack A 51% Attack on a Blockchain Network is a scenario where one single entity or group has control over 50% of the network hash rate. The implication of this is that the group can censor transactions, and reorder and rewrite blocks leading to where a network participant can spend/utilize the same asset multiple times. double spending "Hashrate" refers to the total combined computational power that is being used to mine and process transactions on a Proof-of-Work blockchain, such as . - Bitcoin Source A 51% attack while complex and expensive to pull off is a risk that even mature blockchain networks such as Bitcoin have had to face at some point in time. Bitcoin’s reckoning with 51% Attack In 2014, ghash.io, a popular bitcoin mining pool for a brief duration of 24-48 hours had over 51% of Bitcoin’s hash rate. While GHash didn’t demonstrate any signs of malicious intent, it did raise debates on how bitcoin can avoid such scenarios of a pool or entity taking over 51% of the network’s hash rate. In this particular case, miners from the pool volunteered to move away from ghash. Moreover, ghash publicly vowed to limit its hash rate to 40% of the network’s hash rate. A is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a . - mining pool processing power block Source Bitcoin hash rate is more widely distributed today. For instance, the last days of data for blocks mined look like the following. The largest mining pool makes up for 19% of the network’s hashrate. Pools Blocks % Unknown 259 41% AntPool 117 19% F2Pool 104 17% ViaBTC 55 9% Poolin 53 8% SlushPool 29 5% SBI 7 1% Solo 1 0% 51% Attacks on Ethereum Classic Ethereum Classic blockchain came into being after the infamous . It has a market cap of over $4 Billion. In August 2020 Ethereum Classic was and over $5 Million were siphoned off from the network through double-spending. The DAO Hack attacked three times Vulnerabilities in Blockchain Network Eventually, blockchain networks are powered by code and code can be buggy. In August 2010 an anonymous hacker was able to exploit a bug to . Bitcoin supply is supposed to be capped at 21 Million. The anomaly was detected by the Bitcoin community soon. Satoshi Nakamoto coded up a fix for the issue and rolled it out within 5 hours that soft forked the network to state before the faulty block was mined. create 184 Billion Bitcoin In technology, a soft fork is a change to the software protocol where only previously valid transaction blocks are made invalid. Because old nodes will recognize the new blocks as valid, a soft fork is backwards-compatible. This kind of fork requires only a majority of the miners upgrading to enforce the new rules. - blockchain Source In the recent past, Polygon, one of the leading scaling solutions for Ethereum and a sidechain, worth $ 2 million to a hack. Two white hat hackers reported the vulnerability and Polygon rolled out a fix within 48 hours. Polygon Foundation covered the money lost and paid out a sum of $3.5 Million in bounty to the two white hat hackers. lost over 800K Matic The Volatility in Crypto Assets Every asset class has inherent volatility. Crypto Assets more so. In stock markets, a 1% dip makes headlines and is reported as a crash. In crypto markets, it is fairly common to see such fluctuations in prices multiple times in a month. The above graph shows the trend of Bitcoin price volatility over time. While it may seem that over the years, the volatility is reducing a bit, but still, 5% up and down swings are not that uncommon. Volatility refers to . - Investopedia the amount of uncertainty or risk related to the size of changes in a security's value = Standard Deviation of the last 30 percentage changes in Total Return Price * Square-root of number of trading days 30-Day Rolling Volatility Token prices are a function of market perception. The perception can be based on how the specific project is doing or it can be more macro as in where the overall market is headed. For instance, the crypto market still has a very high correlation with bitcoin price. Whenever bitcoin price dips, we see people liquidating their other crypto assets bringing down the overall market. This is understandable considering even now bitcoin makes up almost 40% of the total crypto market. Earlier this year, in May, 2022 a wiped off $ 40 Billion from the market. Anchor Protocol was one of the most popular lending protocols on Luna that offered ~20% APY on US Terra Stablecoin deposits. While the protocol itself worked as it was supposed to, a known economical weakness in Luna ecosystem led to US Terra losing its peg to US Dollar. bank run on US Terra Stablecoin 1 US Terra = 3 cents as of now The Fault in the Protocols Security breaches, code exploits, and flash loan attacks led to the loss of billions of dollars in DeFi. As per , over $ 1.3 Billion were stolen in the first 3 months of 2022. Chainanalysis Security Breaches are instances when a hacker gains control of the private key or keys of wallets that have admin controls over the protocol. [The Ronin Hack](https://medium.com/uno-re/biggest-crypto-hack-of-all-time-a-breakdown-of-the-ronin-network-hack-ef8d9e25ba6b#:\~:text=The attacker discovered a backdoor,them using the stolen keys.) is one of the largest hacks in DeFi where allegedly a North Korean Hacking Group stole over $ 600 Million worth crypto tokens. Ronin is an Ethereum Sidechain developed and operated by Sky Mavis to support their popular play-2-earn game, Axie Infinity. Ronin Network has nine validators to process the transactions and as long as the majority of them approve a transaction it goes through. The catch was that the nine keys were controlled by just two entities. Sky Mavis had 4 keys and Axie DAO 5. However, Axie DAO had earlier provided Sky Mavis with access to sign transactions on its behalf for a short-term period. The access was never revoked. This miss allowed hackers to gain access to the majority of the keys and process the transactions. Code Exploits are faults in smart contracts that allow a hacker to siphon off funds. The where $610 Million worth of crypto assets were hacked ( ) is one of the largest hacks that happened due to code exploits. Polynetwork hack and later returned Polynetwork is a protocol that enables cross-chain assets transfer. In this particular case, the hacker was able to figure out a way to invoke a restricted smart contract that enabled them to take control of the wallets that held assets managed by Polynetwork and transfer them to a wallet they controlled. Frontend and DNS Exploits Users interact with DeFi protocols by connecting their wallet to a protocol through a web interface. In May 2022 a hacker was able to leverage a vulnerability in the DNS to inject a malicious smart contract on the , a leading DeFi protocol on Cronos chain, and diverted over $2 Million to their wallet. web interface for mm.finance The (i.e., “DNS”) is responsible for translating domain names into a specific IP address so that the initiating client can load the requested Internet resources. The domain name system works much like a phone book where users can search for a requested person and retrieve their phone number. - [Learn more](https://www.infoblox.com/glossary/domain-name-system-dns/#:~:text=The%20domain%20name%20system%20(i.e.,and%20retrieve%20their%20phone%20number.) domain name system Losing Private keys or Seed Phrase Cryptocurrency Wallets store the public key and the private key. The private key is used to access the fund and transfer them. The public key is your address. Private Keys or the more popular seed phrase where a 12 - 24 words phrase is used to generate the private keys. If a hacker is able to access your seed phrase or your wallet’s private keys, they can take over your assets. Malicious software on your computer or mobile, or phishing attacks that trick users into sharing their seed phrase on a website are some of the common ways in which hackers gain access to their seed phrase and steal assets in your wallet. In April 2022 an iPhone in his wallet when a hacker pretending to be an Apple representative tricked the user to share a secure code that was sent to the user’s number and use that to hack into their iCloud Account. From there on, they were able to access the user’s wallet seed phrase user lost crypto and NFTs Navigating DeFi Safely It is essential to practice caution when navigating DeFi considering the different risks that exist in the stack. As you delve into the DeFi Ecosystem, choosing the right platforms and ecosystems for your risk tolerance is a critical step. A few things to look for Track record How long has the blockchain or protocols been in existence? How have they performed in volatile market conditions? What has been the TVL's growth over time? What is the caliber of the core team working on the protocol or chain? Independent Audits Has it gone through independent security audits? How robust are their processes? Here processes can range from their development activities, and security practices, to taking key decisions with community participation Liquidity How much liquidity the asset or the protocol has? This is especially critical in selecting an asset or protocol. Low liquidity can translate to higher risks. How much AUM does the DAOs’Community’s treasury have? A lot of products have emerged that help with such research. A few of them are , , and . Beyond this, there are a few things you can do as a user that can ensure the safety of your funds DeFiLllama DeFi Safety Exponential Finance Maintain Wallet Hygiene Don’t hold all your assets in a single wallet. Use a Hardware Wallet Never share your seed phrase or private key online or offline Maintain multiple backups of your seed phrase Ensure safety in the devices where your wallets reside, desktop, mobile, or browser. Be cautious about the dApps you’re interacting with and the kind of permissions you are allowing. Do a regular audit of the funds You can do all of these yet, if the dapp or protocol you interact with has been hacked, you can end up losing your funds. Stay aware of the happenings in the chain, assets, and protocols you use. You can use twitter for that. Stay Informed - Despite these risks, DeFi presents multiple opportunities for early adopters to not only grow their crypto assets but also get familiar with an emerging phenomenon that will reimagine how financial services are delivered in the coming years. I’m the co-founder of where our goal is to make Defi accessible for everyone. Brew Money is a Non-Custodial Polygon Wallet that makes it simple for non-power users to earn yield on their crypto through blue chip DeFi protocols with self-custody. Brew Money

The Risks in DeFi Stack

What is blockchain? Normally, we determine it as a . But many people use the term “distributed” as equal to “decentralized”. It is not correct. While a blockchain may be distributed, it doesn’t mean that it is decentralized. distributed ledger technology Cloud computing is a great example of a distributed network, and a public blockchain can be referred to as a decentralized system. “Decentralized” means that there is no central authority or a group of authorities that can control the blockchain. The decision-making power is transferred to a distributed network of nodes and miners. But are all popular public blockchains as decentralized as they claim to be? What Blockchains Claim to Be Decentralized? The following public blockchains boast a high decentralization level: Bitcoin Ethereum Litecoin Monero Solana But are they as decentralized as they claim? Let’s delve deeper. Bitcoin - Mining Pools Have the Power over the Blockchain Bitcoin runs on the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism. It means that new transactions and blocks are confirmed by miners. The more miners join the network the more decentralized the blockchain is. Now though, mining BTC is a very energy-consuming process. The mining equipment is not cheap. For example, one . But even an ASIC miner is not sufficient for BTC mining. That’s why miners join mining pools. decent quality ASIC miner may cost about $4,000 Therefore, we cannot say that the Bitcoin blockchain relies on individual miners now. It relies on mining pools that control the blockchain’s hashing power. Here is what the hashing power distribution across pools for the last month looks like: Source: https://btc.com/stats/pool?pool_mode=month Here, we can see clearly that the major part of the BTC blockchain hashing power is controlled by Foundry USA (almost 25%), and AntPool (almost 17%). Therefore, even though we understand that a mining pool is a joint effort of many miners, the control over the hashing rate belongs to a pool, not to individual miners. Even though we see that the Bitcoin blockchain is not 100% decentralized, the decentralization level is high compared to other public blockchains. Ethereum - Staking Pools Rule the Network Ethereum has just and claims to be one of the most decentralized blockchains with over 4,000 nodes. This story needs more details though. moved to the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism In blockchains that utilize the PoS consensus mechanism, validators verify transactions and maintain network safety. With over 4,000 validators, the Ethereum network seems to be pretty decentralized and safe. But who can become a validator? Anybody who stakes the minimum of 32 ETH. At the moment of writing, it is almost $42,000. Those who cannot have such a sum available to stake it, cannot validate transactions on the Ethereum network. As you can see, the entry level is pretty high and effectively excludes the majority of people from those who can become validators. This problem was addressed by several staking pools such as . They enabled users to stake as much money as they had and receive rewards. But if a user stakes his funds in a pool, he loses the right to validate transactions. Instead, the validation rights are delegated to a staking pool. Lido Source: https://bi.etherscan.io/public/dashboards/KH9jbP687szqlAnHiNEfNictrwNhvdOEQl0PwB6m?org_slug=default The distribution of ETH depositors by entity looks as follows: Lido - over 30% Coinbase - almost 15% Kraken - over 8% Binance - over 5% Over 58% of validating power is shared among 4 major players in the market. Almost 10% of validation power belongs to whale wallets. And only 16% of validating power is associated with “Others” - a category that may mean retail users. If you have a look at the breakdown of depositors by the entity, the picture becomes clearer: Source: https://bi.etherscan.io/public/dashboards/KH9jbP687szqlAnHiNEfNictrwNhvdOEQl0PwB6m?org_slug=default Over 73% of validating power is controlled by staking pools and exchanges. Are there any more doubts regarding the so-called “decentralization” of the Ethereum blockchain? Litecoin Is Less Decentralized Than Bitcoin Litecoin was not pre-mined with the majority of coins distributed to founders or developers. There are many nodes around the globe. So, the Litecoin blockchain seems to be pretty decentralized from a beginner’s point of view. Litecoin relies on the PoW consensus mechanism, just like Bitcoin does but Litecoin utilizes a different encryption algorithm, Scrypt. Initially, it was ASIC-resistant to prevent wasting too much energy on mining. But in 2021, LTC ASIC miners were invented. With them, Litecoin became similar to Bitcoin: miners have to join mining pools to make LTC mining activities beneficial. What about having a look at how the hashing power is distributed in the LTC mining network? Source: https://www.litecoinpool.org/pools With Via BTC, LitecoinPool, Antpool, Binance, F2Pool, and Dpool controlling over 90% of the hashing power, this blockchain looks even less decentralized than the Bitcoin blockchain. Monero - a Blockchain with Highly Centralized Hashing Power Distribution Monero claims to be one of the most decentralized networks. It is ASIC-resistant and can be mined with regular computers. Miners are distributed all around the world with a slightly higher concentration in the USA and Europe. Source: https://monerohash.com/nodes-distribution.html But are these individual nodes or do they work in a pool? Here is the reply. Source: https://minexmr.com/pools The total network hashrate is 2790.7 MH/s with 2651.0 MH/s belonging to pools - these figures mean that the network is more centralized than we initially believed. From the main pools, Nanopool, Supportxmr, and Hashvault control over 71% of the network hashing power. So, Monero mining is also far from being decentralized. Solana: Another Decentralization Myth Unveiled Solana is another blockchain that is believed to be highly decentralized. The blockchain utilizes the PoW consensus mechanism, so, here, I will check validators. With over 3,400 validators all around the globe, the blockchain looks quite decentralized. But when we check the stack distribution, things change. Source: https://solana.com/news/validator-health-report-august-2022 Here, I’d remind you that not the number of validators matters. It is important to understand that those validators that have the highest stake control the network. In the case of Solana, there are 6 validators that have the majority of stake. Another thing to consider is the token distribution. With over 25% of tokens distributed to the team and founders, it is difficult to talk about decentralization. Another 37% went to investors. It is logical to claim that these tokens are used to control the validation power of the blockchain. Source: https://messari.io/asset/solana/profile/launch-and-initial-token-distribution Does Decentralization Matter, Indeed? Blockchain is a distributed ledger, not a decentralized one. At least not to the extent as many people believe it to be and not for 100%. At the current stage, the technology is still not ready to be completely decentralized. Over time, when it improves, solves the existing issues, and becomes more mature, I believe that the blockchain may move to the next decentralization level. For now, though, we still have a lot of work to do.

Blockchain and Decentralization: are Blockchains as Decentralized as They Claim to Be?

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