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In mid-April 2024, China’s CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission (CMC) unveiled the rebranding of its People’s Liberation Army - Information Support Force (PLA-ISF). The PLA-ISF is China’s latest step to modernize its military-specific to information warfare and other emerging technologies in a multi-domain operational concept. The creation of the PLA-ISF is cause for concern because it suggests increased CCP control over all AI activities within China, while also highlighting the potentiality of China to execute long-term military campaigns leveraging AI technologies. Additionally, the increase in Chinese gray-zone activities serves to underscore this notion, with the effects of social media manipulation, infrastructure, and cybersecurity attacks being significantly amplified if coupled with AI. Restructuring the PLA-ISF The now-dissolved PLA-Strategic Support Force (PLA-SSF) was originally formed in December 2015 with the intent to develop China’s space capabilities. However, during its 8-year tenure, the PLA-SSF eventually acted as a centralization and consolidation point for all information networks and support operations for the entire PLA. The PLA-SSF’s two main departments were the Network Systems Department and the Space Systems Department, which operated with significant autonomy compared to other PLA units. Previously, each PLA service branch had its own information network and support units. The PLA-ISF has resulted in the creation of an Aerospace Force, a Cyberspace Force, and an Information Support Force, with these three arms operating in conjunction with the Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF), which itself was established back in 2016 to improve Chinese military logistical operations. This reorganization, along with the increased rank needed for a Force to be run instead of a Department, highlights a strategic realignment within the PLA, showcasing the emphasis the CCP is placing on these “new” Forces as part of its modernized warfare capabilities. PLA Applications of Artificial Intelligence The PLA has long been pursuing AI-enabled systems and capabilities as part of its military modernization in alignment with its national military-civil fusion (MCF) strategy, with these capabilities extending from traditional military functions to more modernized digital warfare. PLA units have had a long focus on developing robotics and other unmanned systems specifically for military applications, chief among them the Caihong 4 (CH-4). Developed by the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, which itself is a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The CH-4 is nearly identical to General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, with sales to the Congo in 2023, Indonesia in 2019, and a multitude of other countries. Other examples of AI being used in Chinese military applications include the Shanyi 5 unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) and the even smaller UBot-SCU B 10 UGV. Additionally, the PLA could leverage AI for military decision-making, missile guidance, and electronic warfare. On the modern warfare front, AI could be used to assist gray-zone activities conducted by state-sponsored actors. Future state uses of AI could include generative AI for social media manipulation and the use of AI as part of a threat attack (ex: bot attack, Distributed Denial of service (DDos), etc.). Some notable past examples of previous gray-zone activities include the May 2023 Microsoft disclosure of activity attributed to hacker group Volt Typhoon, which targeted critical cyber infrastructure in internet-connected systems, as well as the May 2014 indictment of five Chinese military hackers belonging to Unit 61398 for computer hacking, economic espionage, and more. The addition of AI to these efforts, whether explicitly or implicitly backed by the PLA, should raise significant alarm. CCP Emphasis on Artificial Intelligence In March 2023, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Xi Jinping Xi called on the PLA to “raise the presence of combat forces in new domains and of new qualities.” to help ensure China’s national strategy of MCF to enable the PRC to become the most technically advanced military in the world. This built upon statements Xi made in October 2017 at the 19th CPC National Congress, where he highlighted the importance of AI and innovation while advancing China’s military. This is particularly concerning given the prolific nature of Chinese research into artificial intelligence, with Chinese researchers publishing 155,487 AI papers in 2022, followed by EU researchers with 101,455 publications, and U.S. researchers with 81,130. The Chinese accounted for nearly 40% of global AI publications in 2021. Additionally, the PRC’s mixture of both licit and illicit means to obtaining knowledge around AI, whether through investment in private industries and research collaborations or through forced technology transfer and outright theft, highlights why a new consolidated military command focusing on network operations and emerging technologies is quite concerning. Conclusion While the formation of the PLA-ISF may seem like a simple rebrand to some, the newly established PLA-ISF implies significant changes to the way China approaches emerging technologies and intelligent warfare. The elevation of the PLA-ISF and its associated leadership as an entity, along with the formation of the Aerospace Force, Cyberspace Force, and Information Support Force, demonstrate the military commitment that the PLA is undertaking to better ensure the integration of emerging technologies within the PLA. The increased rise of grey-zone activities as part of modern warfare demonstrates the immense negative potential that AI can have if leveraged inappropriately and without proper safeguards. With CCP ethics already being questionable to begin with, the world can only imagine what true AI integration as part of China’s national military-civil fusion strategy will have on the rest of the world, particularly in light of the creation of the PLA-ISF. In mid-April 2024 , China’s CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission (CMC) unveiled the rebranding of its People’s Liberation Army - Information Support Force (PLA-ISF). The PLA-ISF is China’s latest step to modernize its military-specific to information warfare and other emerging technologies in a multi-domain operational concept. mid-April 2024 mid-April 2024 The creation of the PLA-ISF is cause for concern because it suggests increased CCP control over all AI activities within China, while also highlighting the potentiality of China to execute long-term military campaigns leveraging AI technologies. Additionally, the increase in Chinese gray-zone activities serves to underscore this notion, with the effects of social media manipulation, infrastructure, and cybersecurity attacks being significantly amplified if coupled with AI. Restructuring the PLA-ISF Restructuring the PLA-ISF The now-dissolved PLA-Strategic Support Force (PLA-SSF) was originally formed in December 2015 with the intent to develop China’s space capabilities . However, during its 8-year tenure, the PLA-SSF eventually acted as a centralization and consolidation poin t for all information networks and support operations for the entire PLA. China’s space capabilities China’s space capabilities centralization and consolidation poin The PLA-SSF’s two main departments were the Network Systems Department and the Space Systems Department, which operated with significant autonomy compared to other PLA units. Previously, each PLA service branch had its own information network and support units. The PLA-ISF has resulted in the creation of an Aerospace Force, a Cyberspace Force, and an Information Support Force, with these three arms operating in conjunction with the Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF), which itself was established back in 2016 to improve Chinese military logistical operations. conjunction conjunction This reorganization, along with the increased rank needed for a Force to be run instead of a Department, highlights a strategic realignment within the PLA, showcasing the emphasis the CCP is placing on these “new” Forces as part of its modernized warfare capabilities. PLA Applications of Artificial Intelligence PLA Applications of Artificial Intelligence The PLA has long been pursuing AI-enabled systems and capabilities as part of its military modernization in alignment with its national military-civil fusion (MCF) strategy, with these capabilities extending from traditional military functions to more modernized digital warfare. PLA units have had a long focus on developing robotics and other unmanned systems specifically for military applications, chief among them the Caihong 4 (CH-4). Developed by the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, which itself is a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The CH-4 is nearly identical to General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, with sales to the Congo in 2023 , Indonesia in 2019 , and a multitude of other countries . Developed Developed nearly identical nearly identical 2023 2023 2019 2019 countries countries Other examples of AI being used in Chinese military applications include the Shanyi 5 unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) and the even smaller UBot-SCU B 10 UGV . Additionally, the PLA could leverage AI for military decision-making , missile guidance , and electronic warfare . Shanyi 5 unmanned ground vehicle Shanyi 5 unmanned ground vehicle UBot-SCU B 10 UGV UBot-SCU B 10 UGV military decision-making military decision-making missile guidance missile guidance electronic warfare electronic warfare On the modern warfare front, AI could be used to assist gray-zone activities conducted by state-sponsored actors. Future state uses of AI could include generative A I for social media manipulation and the use of AI as part of a threat attack (ex: bot attack, Distributed Denial of service (DDos), etc.). generative A AI AI Some notable past examples of previous gray-zone activities include the May 2023 Microsoft disclosure of activity attributed to hacker group Volt Typhoon, which targeted critical cyber infrastructure in internet-connected systems, as well as the May 2014 indictment of five Chinese military hackers belonging to Unit 61398 for computer hacking, economic espionage, and more. May 2023 May 2023 May 2014 May 2014 The addition of AI to these efforts, whether explicitly or implicitly backed by the PLA, should raise significant alarm. CCP Emphasis on Artificial Intelligence CCP Emphasis on Artificial Intelligence In March 2023 , Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Xi Jinping Xi called on the PLA to “raise the presence of combat forces in new domains and of new qualities.” to help ensure China’s national strategy of MCF to enable the PRC to become the most technically advanced military in the world. March 2023 March 2023 This built upon statements Xi made in October 2017 at the 19th CPC National Congress, where he highlighted the importance of AI and innovation while advancing China’s military. October 2017 October 2017 This is particularly concerning given the prolific nature of Chinese research into artificial intelligence, with Chinese researchers publishing 155,487 AI papers in 2022 , followed by EU researchers with 101,455 publications, and U.S. researchers with 81,130. The Chinese accounted for nearly 40% of global AI publications in 2021. 2022 2022 Additionally, the PRC’s mixture of both licit and illicit means to obtaining knowledge around AI, whether through investment in private industries and research collaborations or through forced technology transfer and outright theft , highlights why a new consolidated military command focusing on network operations and emerging technologies is quite concerning. investment in private industries investment in private industries outright theft outright theft Conclusion Conclusion While the formation of the PLA-ISF may seem like a simple rebrand to some, the newly established PLA-ISF implies significant changes to the way China approaches emerging technologies and intelligent warfare. The elevation of the PLA-ISF and its associated leadership as an entity, along with the formation of the Aerospace Force, Cyberspace Force, and Information Support Force, demonstrate the military commitment that the PLA is undertaking to better ensure the integration of emerging technologies within the PLA. The increased rise of grey-zone activities as part of modern warfare demonstrates the immense negative potential that AI can have if leveraged inappropriately and without proper safeguards. With CCP ethics already being questionable to begin with, the world can only imagine what true AI integration as part of China’s national military-civil fusion strategy will have on the rest of the world, particularly in light of the creation of the PLA-ISF.

Unveiling the PLA-ISF and China's AI Ambitions

PLA-ISF এবং চীনের AI উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা উন্মোচন করা

Enthüllung der PLA-ISF und Chinas KI-Ambitionen

Revelando el PLA-ISF y las ambiciones de IA de China

Dévoilement du PLA-ISF et des ambitions de la Chine en matière d'IA

पीएलए-आईएसएफ और चीन की एआई महत्वाकांक्षाओं का खुलासा

中国人民解放軍特殊部隊と中国のAIへの野望を明らかにする

PLA-ISF와 중국의 AI 야망 공개

Revelando o PLA-ISF e as ambições de IA da China

Раскрытие НОАК-ИСБ и амбиций Китая в области искусственного интеллекта

PLA-ISF ve Çin'in Yapay Zeka Hedeflerini Açıklıyoruz

Tiết lộ PLA-ISF và tham vọng AI của Trung Quốc

揭秘解放军国际安全部队和中国的人工智能雄心

For those attending NVIDIA’s annual developer conference on Monday, the company’s new announcement must have been exciting.  Nvidia unveiled Project GR00T, an ambitious plan to release a software and hardware platform that can be used to build human-like robots which will continue to learn through generative artificial intelligence (AI). The company says its new launch will enable robots to be smarter and more functional than ever before – and they'll accomplish this by watching humans. The platform is made up of a computer system to power the robot and AI, along with a suite of software that includes various tools like genAI, to build human-like robots. According to NVIDIA, Project GR00T is a “general-purpose foundation model for humanoid robots, designed to further its work driving breakthroughs in robotics and embodied AI.” “Building foundation models for general humanoid robots is one of the most exciting problems to solve in AI today,” said Jensen Huang, founder and CEO of NVIDIA. “The enabling technologies are coming together for leading roboticists around the world to take giant leaps towards artificial general robotics.” NVIDIA says it is building a comprehensive AI platform for leading humanoid robot companies such as 1X Technologies, Agility Robotics, Apptronik, Boston Dynamics, Figure AI, Fourier Intelligence, Sanctuary AI, Unitree Robotics and XPENG Robotics, among others. Jim Fan a research manager and lead of embodied AI at Nvidia that through
GR00T, robots will be able to understand instructions through language, video
and demonstrations to perform a variety of tasks. posted to X “Today is the beginning of our moonshot to solve embodied AGI in the physical world. I’m so excited to announce Project GR00T, our new initiative to create a general-purpose foundation model for humanoid robot learning. The GR00T model will enable a robot to understand multimodal instructions, such as language, video, and demonstration, and perform a variety of useful tasks. We are collaborating with many leading humanoid companies around the world, so that GR00T may transfer across embodiments and help the ecosystem thrive. GR00T is born on NVIDIA’s deep technology stack. We simulate in Isaac Lab (new app on Omniverse Isaac Sim for humanoid learning), train on OSMO (new compute orchestration system to scale up models), and deploy to Jetson Thor (new edge GPU chip designed to power GR00T). Announced in Jensen's keynote, Project GR00T is a cornerstone for the “Foundation Agent” roadmap of the newly founded GEAR Lab. At GEAR, we are building generally capable agents that learn to act skillfully in many worlds, virtual and real… Join us on the journey to land on the moon.” What makes this project so exciting is the fact that it opens an entirely new horizon and vision for the future of robotics, GenAI, and human capability. This technology, coupled with robots, is expected to assist humans in accomplishing more in the future. Whether in healthcare, home life, logistics, travel, manufacturing, space exploration, or the military, robots equipped with GenAI will likely make our lives incredibly easier and more advanced. This next generation of robotics and computing is likely to lead to incredible breakthroughs, providing humans with super-human capabilities that only robots and advanced technology can provide. NVIDIA’s announcement is exciting. We can expect great inventions and capabilities to emerge from this technology over the next decade. People beware; the robots are coming!

Project GR00T and Its Ambition to Influence Robotics

Collaborative Innovation: COTI's Role in the Ethereum Ecosystem In the ever-evolving landscape of Web3, privacy has emerged as a formidable challenge. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology, while revolutionary, has left the ecosystem susceptible to nefarious actors exploiting vulnerabilities. The absence of robust privacy protection not only hinders the development of innovative use cases but also poses a threat to the very essence of decentralized applications. Enter COTI V2, a visionary initiative by COTI, poised to tackle the privacy predicament head-on. By acknowledging the shortcomings of current Web3 structures, COTI aims to usher in an era where users can transact and engage on the blockchain without fear of exposure. This acknowledgment of the privacy dilemma sets the stage for a transformative journey toward a more secure and confidential Web3 experience. In the quest to redefine , COTI adopts a collaborative approach by positioning itself as an Ethereum-compatible Layer 2. This strategic alignment signifies a departure from the traditional standalone chain model, with COTI leveraging the existing liquidity and security of Ethereum. By doing so, COTI ensures that its innovation is focused on addressing critical gaps within Web3. This collaborative spirit not only strengthens the Ethereum ecosystem but also positions COTI as a pivotal player in the collective effort to enhance the overall efficiency and security of decentralized applications. The decision to build on Ethereum underscores a commitment to interoperability, enabling seamless integration with existing platforms while pushing the boundaries of what is possible in the Web3 space. COTI's role in the Ethereum ecosystem becomes not just a technological endeavor but a collaborative journey toward a more robust and interconnected decentralized future. Web3 Privacy Without Compromise: COTI V2's Cryptographic Solutions COTI V2's ambitious goal of bringing privacy without compromise to the blockchain marks a paradigm shift in the pursuit of confidential transactions. Traditional platforms that prioritize anonymity often find themselves entangled in regulatory challenges, hindering widespread adoption. COTI V2 seeks to overcome these hurdles by pioneering cryptographic solutions that allow users to process transactions without exposing sensitive information. This shift from anonymity to confidentiality not only ensures regulatory compliance but also unlocks a plethora of new use cases in finance, healthcare, and social media. The cryptographic innovations envisioned by COTI V2 promise to be the cornerstone of a privacy-centric Web3, where users can engage in transactions securely without fear of their data being exploited or misused. Garbled Circuits: A Quantum Leap in Cryptographic Efficiency At the heart of COTI V2's mission to balance privacy and efficiency lies the adoption of Garbled Circuits, a specialized cryptographic technology exhibiting unparalleled efficiency compared to existing Zero-Knowledge solutions. This quantum leap in cryptographic efficiency holds the key to redefining the privacy landscape in Web3. Garbled Circuits not only ensures a secure and confidential environment but also does so with a level of efficiency that sets a new benchmark in the industry. By embracing this cutting-edge technology, COTI V2 positions itself at the forefront of innovation, offering a glimpse into the future where privacy is not a trade-off but an inherent feature of blockchain technology. Shahaf Bar-Geffen, the CEO of COTI, provides a visionary perspective on the importance of safeguarding sensitive data in the blockchain space. In a departure from the prevalent notion that public information on the blockchain is a feature, Bar-Geffen asserts that it is, in fact, a bug. His vision for COTI V2 aligns with the principles of legacy business systems, where sensitive data is not broadcasted but protected. By preventing the exposure of sensitive data to competitors, partners, and clients, COTI V2 aims to create an environment where businesses can fully capitalize on the strengths of blockchain technology. Bar-Geffen's leadership underscores the commitment to not just innovation but responsible and secure utilization of blockchain capabilities in the Web3 ecosystem. Roadmap to Transformation & Watching the Evolution COTI V2's roadmap is a carefully crafted journey toward the transformation of the Web3 landscape. The announcement of a devnet release in Q2 2024 marks a crucial milestone, signaling the imminent arrival of a solution to the privacy challenges plaguing the current blockchain environment. As the Web3 community eagerly awaits the devnet release, followed by a testnet and mainnet launch, COTI V2's development milestones become a beacon of progress in the quest for a more secure and efficient decentralized future. Each step in the roadmap represents a leap forward, bringing COTI V2 closer to reshaping the way transactions occur on the blockchain, setting the stage for a new era of digital commerce. The evolution of COTI V2 is not just a development within the confines of its team but a matter of industry-wide significance. As the project progresses through its development stages, industry stakeholders are keenly monitoring its success. The decision to build as an L2 on Ethereum positions COTI as a key player and its advancements are poised to shape the future of digital commerce within the Web3 ecosystem. The watchful eyes of stakeholders reflect not just anticipation but a recognition of COTI V2's potential to influence the trajectory of Web3 and its role in redefining the privacy and security standards of decentralized applications. The Importance of Digital Commerce in a Transformative Landscape Navigating the Web3 Frontier with COTI V2 In the dynamic landscape of Web3, digital commerce emerges as a driving force shaping the future of decentralized applications. With COTI V2 introducing a privacy-centric Ethereum Layer 2, the importance of secure and efficient digital commerce becomes even more pronounced. This transformative shift ensures that businesses can harness the power of blockchain in a purpose-built environment optimized for speed, scalability, and performance. Digital commerce, in this context, transcends its traditional role; it becomes the catalyst for innovation and growth in the Web3 industry. As decentralized applications continue to gain momentum, the significance of digital commerce as a fundamental pillar in the Web3 ecosystem cannot be overstated. As COTI charts its course toward becoming the first privacy-centric Ethereum Layer 2, the Web3 landscape stands at the brink of transformative change. COTI V2's innovative solutions address longstanding privacy concerns, providing a secure haven for digital commerce to thrive within the decentralized realm. The strategic collaboration with Ethereum and the adoption of Garbled Circuits showcase COTI's commitment to efficiency without compromising privacy. As industry stakeholders eagerly await the devnet release in Q2 2024, COTI V2's journey unfolds as a beacon of hope, heralding a new era where privacy and digital commerce coalesce to redefine the possibilities of Web3. The future is bright, and COTI V2 is poised to lead the way into uncharted territory. Don’t forget to like and share the story! : Vested Interest Disclosure This author is an independent contributor publishing via our . Be it through direct compensation, media partnerships, or networking, the author has a vested interest in the company/ies mentioned in this story. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR brand-as-author program

Unlocking the Future of Web3: COTI's Ambitious Plan for Privacy-Centric Ethereum L2

ওয়েব 3 এর ভবিষ্যত আনলক করা: গোপনীয়তা-কেন্দ্রিক ইথেরিয়াম L2 এর জন্য COTI-এর উচ্চাভিলাষী পরিকল্পনা

Die Zukunft von Web3 erschließen: COTIs ehrgeiziger Plan für datenschutzorientiertes Ethereum L2

Liberando el futuro de Web3: el ambicioso plan de COTI para Ethereum L2 centrado en la privacidad

Déverrouiller l'avenir du Web3 : le plan ambitieux de COTI pour Ethereum L2 axé sur la confidentialité

Web3 के भविष्य को खोलना: गोपनीयता-केंद्रित Ethereum L2 के लिए COTI की महत्वाकांक्षी योजना

Web3 の未来を拓く: プライバシー中心のイーサリアム L2 に対する COTI の野心的な計画

Web3의 미래 개척: 개인정보 보호 중심 Ethereum L2에 대한 COTI의 야심찬 계획

Desbloqueando o futuro da Web3: o plano ambicioso do COTI para Ethereum L2 centrado na privacidade

Открывая будущее Web3: амбициозный план COTI для Ethereum L2, ориентированного на конфиденциальность

Web3'ün Geleceğinin Kilidini Açmak: COTI'nin Gizlilik Odaklı Ethereum L2 için İddialı Planı

Mở khóa tương lai của Web3: Kế hoạch đầy tham vọng của COTI dành cho Ethereum L2 lấy quyền riêng tư làm trung tâm

解锁 Web3 的未来：COTI 针对以隐私为中心的以太坊 L2 的雄心勃勃的计划

You can jump to any section of y The National Cislunar Science & Technology Strateg here. Objective 3: Extend U.S. space situational awareness capabilities into Cislunar space SSA is essential to safe and successful spacecraft operations in all orbits, including in Cislunar space. SSA data, for example, help satellite operators avoid collisions with other satellites or debris, support rendezvous and proximity operations, and enable the identification of anomalous, irresponsible, or potentially dangerous spacecraft operations and space weather phenomena of significance. Expanded SSA capabilities will also provide benefits to, and benefit from, future missions to detect and warn of incoming potentially hazardous asteroids. The U.S. government will aim to understand the long-term effects of growing human activities on the Cislunar environment, and to preserve a safe and sustainable environment in Cislunar space—such as limiting debris in Lunar orbit. The following sub-objectives will advance this objective: Though there are designs for preliminary program architectures, a comprehensive framework for the SSA R&D needs for Cislunar space remains undeveloped. The United States will support R&D to advance technology useful for Cislunar SSA, including improved monitoring methods and better understanding of Cislunar orbit families and spacecraft dynamics. In pursuing this work, the United States will leverage work undertaken across the Federal government, the private sector, and relevant standards developing organizations. The United States should pursue cooperation with all entities operating in Cislunar space to identify and track emerging requirements, and make recommendations for SSA and transparency improvements. Evaluate SSA needs, priorities, and existing gaps for extending current SSA capabilities into Cislunar space. The United States should advance Cislunar SSA by initially identifying an architecture that optimizes terrestrial, Lunar-based, and space-based sensors, then leveraging existing ground-based sensors and developing new ground-based sensors as needed. Existing sensors should be investigated to determine if upgrades and/or modification to sensor software and hardware can improve detection of objects in Cislunar space. The U.S. government will support demonstrations of new, cost-effective terrestrial sensing capabilities optimized for Cislunar space, as well as continue developing and testing cost-effective space-based sensors for Cislunar SSA. These in-space tests should leverage orbits available in Cislunar space that can potentially enhance SSA capabilities. U.S. government organizations will leverage partnerships with the private sector to reduce the cost of Cislunar SSA capabilities. Develop or improve current ground-based sensors, and demonstrate cost-effective space-based and Lunar surface sensors, as needed. The scale and geometry of Cislunar space makes global networks of diverse sensors valuable to robust SSA, highlighting the value of international and private sector collaboration. The United States will pursue Cislunar SSA sharing with international collaborators, private sector actors, and academic institutions operating in Cislunar space. This could include joint research and development efforts, joint efforts on standards, and other areas. Due to the global importance of Cislunar SSA, the U.S. government will explore opportunities to increase the volume and speed of science and avoid duplication while coordinating critical overall efforts. Increase cooperation and data-exchanges with other users of Cislunar space. Data formatting and standards between the U.S. government and private and international space missions will need to be coordinated to ensure compatibility. The U.S. government will develop and maintain an integrated catalog of Cislunar objects, both natural and human-made, utilizing data from all available sources and in collaboration with private entities. The catalog should include human-made objects on the Lunar surface. The catalog should also include information about objects that can aid in assuring compatible coexistence with spacecraft and scientific investigations, including those from the Shielded Zone of the Moon. If possible, satellite operators should periodically provide their planned maneuvers and trajectories to the catalog. Develop an integrated Cislunar object catalog. Consistent with national policy, including Space Policy Directive-3, the U.S. government will continue to share SSA information and provide basic spaceflight safety services to all space operators. A civilian open data platform will be used to leverage Cislunar SSA data and services provided from a variety of government, commercial, academic, and international sources. Additional discovery and characterization of potentially hazardous objects may leverage the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Minor Planet Center, the longstanding U.S. contribution via NASA’s Office of Planetary Defense. Develop procedures for publicly sharing Cislunar space situational awareness data, as well as navigation and spaceflight safety support in Cislunar space. This content was initially published on in November 2022. whitehouse.gov This content has been broken-up into bite sized sections each with unique headlines and AI-generated lead images in line with the provisions of Creative Commons 3.0.

Guardians of the Galaxy: U.S. Ambitions to Expand Space Awareness Beyond Earth's Orbit

গ্যালাক্সির অভিভাবক: পৃথিবীর কক্ষপথের বাইরে মহাকাশ সচেতনতা প্রসারিত করার জন্য মার্কিন উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা

Guardians of the Galaxy: Ambitionen der USA, das Weltraumbewusstsein über die Erdumlaufbahn hinaus zu erweitern

Guardianes de la Galaxia: Ambiciones de Estados Unidos para expandir la conciencia espacial más allá de la órbita terrestre

Gardiens de la Galaxie : les ambitions américaines d'étendre la sensibilisation à l'espace au-delà de l'orbite terrestre

गैलेक्सी के संरक्षक: पृथ्वी की कक्षा से परे अंतरिक्ष जागरूकता का विस्तार करने की अमेरिकी महत्वाकांक्षाएँ

ガーディアンズ・オブ・ギャラクシー：地球の軌道を超えて宇宙への意識を拡大するという米国の野心

가디언즈 오브 갤럭시: 지구 궤도 너머로 우주 인식을 확장하려는 미국의 야망

Guardiões da Galáxia: ambições dos EUA para expandir a consciência espacial além da órbita da Terra

Стражи Галактики: амбиции США по расширению космической осведомленности за пределами земной орбиты

Galaksinin Koruyucuları: ABD'nin Uzay Bilincini Dünya Yörüngesinin Ötesine Genişletme Hırsları

Những người bảo vệ thiên hà: Tham vọng của Hoa Kỳ nhằm mở rộng nhận thức về không gian ngoài quỹ đạo Trái đất

银河护卫队：美国将太空意识扩展到地球轨道之外的野心

You can jump to any section of y The National Cislunar Science & Technology Strateg here. The longer term: a new sphere of human activity Cislunar space is vast. Its volume of space is more than 2,000 times larger than the entire region of space within geosynchronous orbit, and the furthest region of Cislunar space is more than twelve times the distance of geosynchronous orbit from Earth. Spacecraft can operate in a variety of trajectories in Cislunar space including Lunar orbit, trans-lunar trajectories, and in families of orbits in the large regions around Earth-Moon Lagrange points. A critical region of Cislunar space is the surface of the Moon itself. The Moon is tidally-locked, meaning one hemisphere (the “near side”) always faces the Earth, while the “far side” cannot be seen from Earth. This allows direct communication from Earth to the near side, but keeps the far side in the Shielded Zone of the Moon. The polar regions of the Moon are especially resource rich. Special locations include topographic peaks that are in near-continuous sunlight, and extremely cold, permanently shadowed regions that may preserve substantial deposits of ancient ice and other useful chemical compounds only found in trace amounts in other parts of the Moon. In addition to government space programs, many other kinds of entities (spanning commercial, nonprofit, and academic actors) are also expected to be operating in Cislunar space in the years ahead. The vision articulated in this document is designed to engage and be relevant to all space-faring entities as part of advancing a sustainable “Cislunar ecosystem.” To implement this vision, it will be necessary for the U.S. government to collaborate with other entities in the Cislunar ecosystem on a broad range of capabilities, standards, and infrastructure. The United States continues to engage the international community to uphold and strengthen a rulesbased international order for space, including in Cislunar space. Multiple international agreements already govern Cislunar space, including activities on the Lunar surface. This strategy is designed to be fully consistent with those agreements as well as other non-legally binding instruments that are applicable to Cislunar space. Particularly relevant to this strategy are the Outer Space Treaty of 1967,[5] the Rescue Agreement of 1968, [6] the Registration Convention,[7] the Liability Convention,[8] the ITU Radio Regulations,[9] the Artemis Accords,[10] additional efforts of the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS),[11] and other ongoing multilateral discussions and international treaties. 5 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs [6] Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, United Nations (UN) Office for Outer Space Affairs [7] Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space, UN Office for Outer Space Affairs [8] Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, UN Office for Outer Space Affairs [9] ITU Radio Regulations, World Radiocommunication Conferences [10] The Artemis Accords, Principles for Cooperation in the Civil Exploration and Use of the Moon, Mars, Comets, and Asteroids for Peaceful Purposes, NASA [11] Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs This content was initially published on in November 2022. whitehouse.gov This content has been broken-up into bite sized sections, each with unique headlines and AI-generated lead images, in line with the provisions of Creative Commons 3.0.

U.S. Outlines Ambitious Plans for Human Activities on the Moon 

The rise of artificial intelligence has ushered in a transformative age, but it has also brought to light a pressing challenge: the increasing scarcity of GPU power. As AI applications continue to evolve and grow in complexity, the demand for GPU capabilities has surged exponentially. Within this tumultuous landscape, the cost of training extensive AI models has escalated dramatically, and access to vital cloud services has become a bottleneck. Startups, eager to be part of this AI revolution, find themselves in a quandary, hindered by prohibitive costs and extensive wait times, inhibiting the pace of innovation and stalling groundbreaking advances in the realm of AI. Solving the Global GPU Shortage The world of artificial intelligence is facing a transformation of unprecedented scale, thanks to the groundbreaking efforts of , a decentralized cloud service with an audacious goal – to create the world's largest Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network (DePIN) for AI. This network is set to combat the ever-growing shortage of GPUs for AI processing by aggregating one million GPUs from independent computing power providers, culminating in the world's first truly decentralized cloud ecosystem for machine learning. io.net The Precious Commodity of GPU Power The rise of AI has placed GPU power on a pedestal as one of the world's most coveted and elusive resources. With demand for GPUs escalating by a staggering 10 times every 18 months and the cost of training large-scale AI models skyrocketing by approximately 3,100% per year, the industry faces formidable challenges. These challenges translate into soaring costs and excruciatingly long lead times to access cloud services, stifling innovation and leaving AI startups at a standstill. Unlocking Dormant GPU Potential A trailblazing force io.net, poised to disrupt the norm by tapping into the latent power of dormant GPUs found within computers across the globe. This untapped resource includes underutilized independent data centers operating at a mere 12-18% capacity and crypto mining farms navigating profitability challenges, particularly in the wake of Ethereum's shift to Proof-of-Stake and the advent of projects like Solana, Render, and Filecoin. Challenging the Titans of Cloud Computing has set its sights on challenging industry giants like AWS, GCP, and Azure. Their solution enables one-click deployment of massive GPU clusters, capable of handling the most demanding machine learning workloads and becoming operational within a mere 90 seconds. In doing so, io.net boldly predicts that it can offer GPU computing services at a fraction of the cost of established solutions, potentially slashing prices by up to 90%. io.net A Global Network of GPU Providers At the heart of io.net's ambitious plan is the creation of a global network of user-supplied GPUs, driven by a reward system that incentivizes participation. This network is expected to encompass a diverse array of providers, spanning miners to underutilized independent data centers and crypto projects with GPU capabilities. These providers will be fairly compensated for their contributions, setting the stage for a thriving economy that will underpin the growth of the AI industry. Ahmad Shadid, the Founder & CEO of io.net, outlined the pivotal role his company intends to play in the AI revolution: "AI is poised on the brink of igniting the Fourth Industrial Revolution, but current GPU providers are falling short in terms of scale and speed. io.net will connect one million GPUs scattered across the globe in under 90 seconds, granting AI startups immediate access to vital processing power on demand." Revitalizing Crypto Mining Farms Io.net's strategy extends to onboarding crypto mining farms, which command considerable GPU power. These farms have faced profitability challenges in recent market conditions. Io.net's calculations indicate that by repurposing their resources for GPU provision, they could potentially realize profit increases of up to 1,500%, all while reducing energy consumption. As it stands, io.net already boasts a staggering 36,000 GPUs, steadily advancing towards its lofty target of one million. A Transformative Future with io.net In conclusion, io.net is poised to usher in a new era for AI by addressing the scarcity of GPUs and delivering efficient, cost-effective access to computing power. By consolidating GPUs from various sources into a unified platform, io.net is poised to ignite a wave of AI innovation and empower the startups that have the potential to shape the future. The possibilities are limitless, and the AI industry stands at the brink of a transformation, with io.net at the forefront, leading the charge into this brave new world. Don’t forget to like and share! : Vested Interest Disclosure This author is an independent contributor publishing via our . Be it through direct compensation, media partnerships, or networking, the author has a vested interest in the company/ies mentioned in this story. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR brand-as-author program

Decentralizing AI: The Ambitious Plan to Solve the Global GPU Shortage

British Finance Minister Jeremy Hunt recently announced that the country will open its substantial pension fund to increase funding liquidity for tech startups, aiming to help further the United Kingdom’s positioning as an international tech hub. To counter the startup lull in the UK, Hunt has put an in motion to direct up to €59 billion from pension funds or defined contributions (DC) to unlisted equities by 2030. Being the largest pension market in Europe, the UK has almost €3 trillion in pension funds. Hunt proposed allocating 5% of assets in its default funds to start-ups, to increase funding liquidity for high-growth . investment plan companies Calling it a “perverse situation,” Hunt said that UK institutional investors are not investing as much in UK high-growth companies as their international counterparts. conducted by Ledgy – a valuation tracking platform — found that tech startups based in the UK tend to offer generous employee equity in order to weather the investment environment. In fact, one in four UK founders give 15% or less of all equity to employees. Research Addressing the Shortage of Scale-up Capital in the UK The British Finance Minister has insisted that this package has the potential to unlock an additional €88 billion of financing for growth by 2030, “finally addressing the shortage of scale-up capital holding back so many of our most promising companies.” From 1997 to 2019, the UK saw a 44% decline in the number of domestic listed companies on its stock exchange. However, the country now aims to be the spot, where the world’s fastest-growing companies list, making the London Stock Exchange (LSE) not just Europe’s NASDAQ but much more. “We want to be the world’s next and a science superpower, embracing new technologies like AI in a way that brings together the skills of our financiers, entrepreneurs and scientists to make our country a force for good in the world,” said Hunt. Silicon Valley Applause From UK-Based Startups Hunt’s decision to utilize pension funds to support startups has already earned applause from UK-based companies like and . “If up to £50bn is unlocked by 2030 as the government promises, our homegrown founders will get the fuel they need to build world-beating companies,” said Robin AI CEO Richard Robinson, in a recent Robin AI ACF Investors media interview. Meanwhile, Till Mills, managing partner of ACF Investors, believes that by making this crucial announcement, the Chancellor is shining a spotlight on the importance of fast-growth technology companies to the UK’s economic health. The UK government believes that such reforms will conversely unlock capital from the private sector delivering growth not by subsidy, but by increasing support for entrepreneurs and investors who take risks to create long-term value. This article was originally published by on Akriti Seth 150sec.

The UK's Ambitious Tech Startup Investment: A Whopping €59 Billion

SINGAPORE, Singapore, May 31st, 2023/Chainwire/--Huobi announced that it became the first member of the Hong Kong Virtual Asset Consortium (HKVAC) by joining HKVAC, an organization dedicated to providing credit ratings for crypto asset exchanges and trading products. Huobi aims to develop a venture capital database that caters to the needs of the market, actively engage in educating the public about crypto investments, and offers Hong Kong traders a "one-stop" crypto asset trading service. Ultimately, with Huobi Hong Kong (Huobi HK) as the pivot, Huobi is committed to supporting Hong Kong in its efforts to become a global Web3 hub. HKVAC is said to be a collaboration of many crypto industry players, including exchanges, institutional investors, and Hong Kong-licensed rating agencies. It was established primarily to enhance the industry's capabilities in security risk management and to assist the Central Government and Hong Kong's local authorities in building a world-leading hub for virtual asset and digital finance. At the same time, it commits itself to creating a safe, open, and transparent environment for crypto asset investments under the guidance of "Hong Kong's new crypto regulations.” It will also promote the acceptance and recognition of crypto assets by helping the public gain systematic, correct, and secure knowledge about crypto investments. As an exchange that always prioritizes "global security and compliance operations", Huobi has maintained the best industry record of 100% functionality and no security incidents for ten years since its inception. Huobi will bring its expertise in security technology and its compliant, standardized processes to HKVAC as a reference. Together, they can provide risk management indicators to investors in the industry and set strict rating standards to evaluate existing exchanges so that more crypto investors can have a clear understanding of the risk level of their investments. This will accelerate the creation of a safe and friendly crypto environment in Hong Kong. In addition, as a pioneer in establishing itself as a Web3 gateway, Huobi will join hands with HKVAC to continuously pursue multi-dimensional collaborations and advancements in technology, data, and ecosystem development. Together, Huobi and HKVAC will facilitate the application of Web3 infrastructure and build a bridge between the real world and the realm of Web3 to encourage wider acceptance and participation in Web3. These endeavors will drive the development of Hong Kong's Web 3.0 industry and serve as the stepping stones on Hong Kong's way to becoming a global hub for Web 3.0 (the third-generation Internet). As previously reported, Huobi will officially launch Huobi HK. Starting June 1, Huobi HK is expected to deliver unparalleled trading experiences to Web3 users through its wide range of products. Users can trade cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, TRX, LTC, BCH, DOGE, SHIB, BTT, SOL, ADA, and other major cryptocurrencies listed in the independent index on Huobi HK. A Huobi representative said that joining HKVAC will boost Huobi's business in Hong Kong and lay the foundation for future operations that comply with laws and regulations. Meanwhile, Huobi intends to work with various parties in the industry to build the ecosystem of Web3 under the premise of policy compliance. It will start by establishing itself as a Web3 gateway to promote the development of Web3 in Hong Kong. Hopefully, Huobi will be granted a cryptocurrency trading license in Hong Kong in the near future, so that it can collaborate with the Hong Kong government, regulators, and other institutions to create a better crypto market in the region. About Huobi Founded in 2013, Huobi has evolved from a crypto exchange into a comprehensive ecosystem of blockchain businesses that span digital asset trading, financial derivatives, wallets, research, investment, incubation, and other areas. Huobi serves millions of users worldwide, with a business presence covering over 160 countries and regions across five continents. Its three development strategies - "global development, technology drives development, and technology for good" - underpin its commitment to providing comprehensive services and values to global cryptocurrency enthusiasts. Contact Michael Wang glo-media@huobi.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program . here

Huobi Becomes First Member of HKVAC - Supporting Hong Kong's Ambition To Become a Global Web3 Hub

Huobi se convierte en el primer miembro de HKVAC - Apoyando la ambición de Hong Kong de convertirse en un centro Web3 global

Huobi devient le premier membre de HKVAC - Soutenir l'ambition de Hong Kong de devenir un hub Web3 mondial

हुओबी एचकेवीएसी का पहला सदस्य बना - ग्लोबल वेब3 हब बनने के लिए हांगकांग की महत्वाकांक्षा का समर्थन करता है

Huobi が HKVAC の最初のメンバーに - 世界的な Web3 ハブになるという香港の野望を支援

Huobi se torna o primeiro membro do HKVAC - apoiando a ambição de Hong Kong de se tornar um hub global da Web3

Huobi trở thành thành viên đầu tiên của HKVAC - Hỗ trợ tham vọng trở thành trung tâm web3 toàn cầu của Hồng Kông

火币成为 HKVAC 的首位成员 - 支持香港成为全球 Web3 枢纽的雄心

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