O2 Telefonica (Telefonica Germany) introduces 5G Standalone (SA) core software deployed in the Cloud, enhancing network capabilities with AWS and Nokia support.

Telefonica Germany Deploys 5G Standalone Core to Cloud

In a new social media post, Tesla officials tout the company&#x27;s speedy private wireless 5G network at its Berlin manufacturing facility. But details on the operation are scarce.

Tesla boasts of private 5G deployment and global rollout plans

5C Network

Apple vs. FBI (2016) Court Filing, retrieved on February 16, 2016, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 13 of 17. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here IV. Requested Assistance 10. I know based on my training and experience, knowledge of this case and review of Apple's publicly available information that the SUBJECT DEVICE is an iPhone 5c that was designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple. Apple also wrote and owns the software operating system marketed under the name of "iOS," and thus is the owner of the operating system for the phone at issue. Apple's software licensing agreement specifies that its software is "licensed, not sold," and otherwise prohibits users from transferring any ownership of the iOS software. 11. Apple strictly controls the hardware and software that is used to turn on and run its phones. According to Apple's "white papers" and other publicly available information about the security of its iOS programs, Apple has designed its mobile device hardware as well as its operating system software to only permit and run software that has been "signed" cryptographically by Apple using its own proprietary encryption methods. Apple has also added hardware- enforced features to the A6 processor found in the iPhone 5C which verifies software using Apple's cryptographic signature, that Apple devices can only run verified/signed software during the booting process (when the phone is being turned on). These features prevent the government from running any other software on the SUBJECT DEVICE to attempt to recover data. 12. In addition, an iPhone 5c is encrypted by a combination of two components one user-determined passcode, and one unique 256- bit Advanced Encryption Standard ("AES") key (referred to as a "UID") fused into the phone itself during manufacture. Both passcode components are required in combination for the phone to decrypt its contents. When a user inputs the user-determined passcode, the phone conducts a complex calculation as determined by Apple's software (and unknown to the government) which combines the UID with the user passcode. If the result is accurate, the data is decrypted. 13. If one does not know the user-determined passcode, it is possible, although time-consuming, to manually input passcodes one at a time until the passcode is determined. Apple, however, has also designed and written code for additional non-encryption-based features which the government cannot overcome on its own. First, Apple has designed a non-encryption, auto-erase function as part of its iOS, which destroys encryption key material required for decryption, and hence renders the contents of the device incapable of being decrypted after ten consecutive incorrect passcode attempts. If this erase function is enabled, iOS will instantly, irrecoverably, and without warning erase the encryption keys necessary for accessing stored data. Because iOS software must be cryptographically signed by Apple, only Apple is able to modify the iOS software to change the setting or prevent execution of the function. There is no way to know by examining the outside of the phone whether or not this function has been turned on in the SUBJECT DEVICE, although, in this instance, I suspect that it has because I am told by an employee of SBCDPH that the SUBJECT DEVICE was provided to Farook with the auto-erase function turned on, and I know from my review of the most recent backup from the iCloud that it showed the function turned on. 14. Relatedly, Apple has designed and written code for another non-encryption based feature in that its iOS operating system is coded to invoke time delays which escalate after repeated, unsuccessful passcode entries. This means that after each failed passcode entry, the user must wait a period of time before another attempt can be made. From Apple documentation and testing, the time delays for the iPhone 5C are invoked by Apple software upon failed login attempts. Apple documentation states that the software invokes no delay for the first four attempts; a 1-minute delay after the fifth attempt; a 5-minute delay after the sixth attempt; a fifteen minute delays after the seventh and eight attempt; and a 1- hour delay after the ninth attempt. Additional wait times can also be added into the software. 15. In order to allow the government to perform the search ordered in the warrant, and the ability to test passcodes to decrypt the SUBJECT DEVICE without unnecessary delay or fear that the data subject to search under the warrant would be rendered permanently inaccessible, the government requests that Apple be ordered to provide the FBI with a signed iPhone Software file, recovery bundle, or other Software Image File ("SIF") that can be loaded onto the SUBJECT DEVICE. The SIF would load and run from Random Access Memory ("RAM") and would not modify the iOS on the actual phone, the user data partition or system partition on the device's flash memory. The SIF would be coded by Apple with a unique identifier of the phone so that the SIF would only load and execute on the SUBJECT DEVICE. Since Apple's software currently has the capability to query hardware for unique identifiers (serial numbers, ECID, IMEI, etc.), the SIF could be created to only function on the SUBJECT DEVICE, which would mitigate any perceived security risk to Apple iOS software. The SIF would be loaded via Device Firmware Upgrade ("DFU") mode, recovery mode, or other applicable mode available to the FBI. In addition, Apple could run the SIF from within its facility, allowing passcodes to be tested electronically via remote network connection. 16. Once active on the SUBJECT DEVICE, the SIF would have three important functions: (1) the SIF would bypass or disable the auto-erase function whether or not it has been enabled on the SUBJECT DEVICE, meaning that multiple attempts at the passcode could be made without fear that the data subject to search under the warrant would be rendered permanently inaccessible; (2) the SIF would enable the FBI to submit passcodes to the SUBJECT DEVICE for testing electronically via the physical device port, Bluetooth, Wi- Fi, or other protocol available on the SUBJECT DEVICE (meaning that the attempts at the passcode would not have to be manually typed on the phone's screen), or alternately, Apple could be given the phone as is done when Apple recovers data from earlier iOS versions, but provide the government remote access to the SUBJECT DEVICE through a computer allowing the government to conduct passcode recovery analysis. This would allow the government to conduct the analysis without Apple actually providing the government with the SIF; and (3) the SIF would not introduce any additional delay between passcode attempts beyond what is incurred by the Apple hardware. 17. Based on my (and the CEAU's) review of available information about Apple's programs, Apple has the technological capability of providing this software without it being an undue burden. Apple routinely patches security or functionality issues in its iOS operating system and releases new versions of its operating system to address issues. I know from my training and experience, and that of my fellow agents, that providers of electronic communications services and remote computing services sometimes must write code in order to gather the information necessary to respond to subpoenas and other process, and that this is not a large burden. 18. However, in an abundance of caution, the government also requests that the order permit Apple to satisfy the three goals of the SIF and the loading of the SIF onto the SUBJECT DEVICE in an alternative technical manner if mutually preferable. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Executed on February 16, 2016, Riverside, California. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case No. 15-0451M retrieved on September 25, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. archive.epic.org

The FBI Knocking on Apple's Door: Can You Unlock this iPhone, Please? 

এফবিআই অ্যাপলের দরজায় কড়া নাড়ছে: আপনি কি এই আইফোনটি আনলক করতে পারেন, দয়া করে?

Das FBI klopft an Apples Tür: Können Sie bitte dieses iPhone entsperren?

El FBI llama a la puerta de Apple: ¿puedes desbloquear este iPhone, por favor?

Le FBI frappe à la porte d'Apple : pouvez-vous déverrouiller cet iPhone, s'il vous plaît ?

एफबीआई एप्पल के दरवाजे पर दस्तक दे रही है: क्या आप कृपया इस आईफोन को अनलॉक कर सकते हैं?

FBI が Apple のドアをノック中: この iPhone のロックを解除していただけますか?

FBI가 애플의 문을 두드리고 있다: 이 아이폰의 잠금을 해제해 주실 수 있나요?

O FBI batendo na porta da Apple: você pode desbloquear este iPhone, por favor?

ФБР стучится в дверь Apple: можете ли вы разблокировать этот iPhone, пожалуйста?

FBI Apple'ın Kapısını Çalıyor: Bu iPhone'un Kilidini Açabilir misiniz Lütfen?

FBI gõ cửa Apple: Bạn có thể mở khóa chiếc iPhone này được không?

FBI 敲开苹果公司大门：你能解锁这款 iPhone 吗？

Apple vs. FBI (2016) Court Filing, retrieved on February 16, 2016, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 11 of 17. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here II. Purpose of Declaration 4. This declaration is made in support of an application for an order by the Court compelling Apple Inc. ("Apple") to assist the FBI in its effort to search of a cellular telephone, Apple make: iPhone 5C, Model: A1532, P/N: MGFG2LL/A, S/N: FFMNQ3 MTG2DJ, IMEI: 358820052301412, on the Verizon Network ("SUBJECT DEVICE"). Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case No. 15-0451M retrieved on September 25, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. archive.epic.org

Christopher Pluhar's Declaration in Support of the FBI's efforts to Strong-arm Apple Inc. 

Apple vs. FBI (2016) Court Filing, retrieved on February 16, 2016, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 1 of 17. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here INTRODUCTION The United States of America, by and through its counsel, Assistant United States Attorneys Tracy L. Wilkison and Allen W. Chiu, hereby applies to the Court ex parte pursuant to the All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651, for an order that Apple Inc. ("Apple") provide assistance to agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI") in their search of a cellular telephone, Apple make: iPhone 5C, Model: A1532, P/N: MGFG2LL/A, S/N: FFMNQ3MTG2DJ, IMEI: 358820052301412, on the Verizon Network (the "SUBJECT DEVICE"). The search and seizure of the SUBJECT DEVICE was authorized through a search warrant which was obtained on December 3, 2015, Docket Number ED No. 15-0451M, and was executed on the same day. This application is based on the attached declaration of FBI Supervisory Special Agent Christopher Pluhar, and the files and records of this case, including the underlying search warrant, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 1. Dated: February 16, 2016 Respectfully submitted, United States Attorney PARTICIA A DONAHUE Assistant United States Attorneys Chief, National Security Division Attorney for Applicant UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case No. 15-0451M retrieved on September 22, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. archive.epic.org

Digital Privacy on Trial: The Apple-FBI Battle

Apple vs. FBI (2016) Court Filing, retrieved on February 16, 2016, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 3 of 17. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here II. Factual Background The Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI") is in possession of a cellular telephone that was used by Syed Rizwan Farook ("Farook"), one of the terrorists who caused the December 2, 2015 shooting death of 14 people, and the shooting and injuring of 22 others, at the Inland Regional Center ("IRC") in San Bernardino, California. The cellular telephone is of Apple make: iPhone 5C, Model: A1532, P/N: MGFG2LL/A, S/N: FFMNQ3MTG2DJ, IMEI: 358820052301412, on the Verizon Network ("the SUBJECT DEVICE"). The SUBJECT DEVICE was seized pursuant to a federal search warrant for a black Lexus IS300 in Docket Number ED 15-0451M, which was issued by the Honorable David T. Bristow, United States Magistrate Judge, on December 3, 2015. The underlying search warrant, which authorizes the search of the contents of the SUBJECT DEVICE, is attached hereto as Exhibit 1 and incorporated herein by reference. As explained in the attached declaration of FBI Supervisory Special Agent ("SSA") Christopher Pluhar, the underlying search warrant for the SUBJECT DEVICE arose out of an investigation into the IRC shootings, and the participation by Farook and his wife, Tafsheen Malik ("Malik"), in that crime. Subsequent to execution of the search warrant at issue, the FBI obtained numerous search warrants to search the digital devices and online accounts of Farook and Malik. Through those searches, the FBI has discovered, for example, that on December 2, 2015, at approximately 11:14 a.m., a post on a Facebook page associated with Malik stated, "We pledge allegiance to Khalifa bu bkr al bhaghdadi al quraishi," referring to Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi, the leader of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ("ISIL"), also referred to as the Islamic State ("IS"), the Islamic State of Iraq and al-sham ("ISIS"), or Daesh. ISIL, formerly known as Al-Qai'da in Iraq ("AQI"), has been designated a foreign terrorist organization by the United States Department of State, and has been so designated since December 2004. Farook and Malik died later that same day in a shoot-out with law enforcement. The government requires Apple's assistance to access the SUBJECT DEVICE to determine, among other things, who Farook and Malik may have communicated with to plan and carry out the IRC shootings, where Farook and Malik may have traveled to and from before and after the incident, and other pertinent information that would provide more information about their and others' involvement in the deadly shooting. The SUBJECT DEVICE is owned by Farook's employer, the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health ("SBCDPH"), and was assigned to, and used by, Farook as part of his employment. The SBCDPH has given its consent to the search of the SUBJECT DEVICE and to Apple's assistance with that search.[1] However, despite the search warrant and the owner's consent, the FBI has been unable to search the SUBJECT DEVICE because it is "locked" or secured with a user-determined, numeric passcode. More to the point, the FBI has been unable to make attempts to determine the passcode because Apple has written, or "coded," its operating systems with a user-enabled "auto-erase function" that would, if enabled, result in the permanent destruction of the required encryption key material after 10 erroneous attempts at the passcode (meaning that after 10 failed attempts at inputting the passcode, the information on the device becomes permanently inaccessible). When an Apple iPhone is locked, it is not apparent from the outside whether or not that auto-erase function is enabled; therefore, trying repeated passcodes risks permanently denying all access to the contents. Primarily because of this function and the delays that would be introduced by successive incorrect passcodes (discussed below), the government has not been able to attempt to determine the passcode and decrypt the files on the SUBJECT DEVICE pursuant to the search warrant, and the FBI cannot do so without Apple's assistance. Apple is the manufacturer of the SUBJECT DEVICE, and the creator and owner of its operating system and software. Apple has the ability with older operating systems to obtain the unencrypted file content from phones without the passcode, and has routinely done so for law enforcement with a search warrant and accompanying All Writs Act order. While Apple has publicized that it has written the software differently with respect to iPhones such as the SUBJECT DEVICE with operating system ("ios") 9, Apple yet retains the capacity to provide the assistance sought herein that may enable the government to access the SUBJECT DEVICE pursuant to the search warrant. Specifically, and as detailed below, Apple has the ability to modify software that is created to only function within the SUBJECT DEVICE that would ensure that the added auto-erase function is turned off, allow for electronic submission of test passcodes, and ensure additional delays are not created. This would allow the government multiple investigative attempts to determine the passcode in a timely manner, without fear that the data subject to search under the warrant would be rendered permanently inaccessible. It is this assistance from Apple, which is required to execute the search warrant, that the government now asks the Court to order. [1] In addition, SBCDPH has a written policy that all digital devices are subject to search at any time by the SBCDPH, which policy Farook accepted via signature upon his employment. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case No. 15-0451M retrieved on September 25, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. archive.epic.org

The FBI, Apple, and the San Bernardino Massacre

এফবিআই, অ্যাপল এবং সান বার্নার্ডিনো গণহত্যা

Das FBI, Apple und das Massaker von San Bernardino

El FBI, Apple y la masacre de San Bernardino

Le FBI, Apple et le massacre de San Bernardino

एफबीआई, एप्पल और सैन बर्नार्डिनो नरसंहार

FBI、アップル、そしてサンバーナーディーノ虐殺事件

FBI, 애플 그리고 샌버나디노 대학살

O FBI, a Apple e o Massacre de San Bernardino

FBI, Apple và vụ thảm sát San Bernardino

联邦调查局、苹果公司和圣贝纳迪诺大屠杀

The effort required to tackle the ongoing climate crisis is growing every day.  Without leading projects and teams that dedicate their time to address the longer-term impacts of the climate crisis, the world is facing a bleak environmental outlook. Using technological innovations can provide us with a deeper understanding of the policy issues, supply chain problems, and cultural issues faced by individuals today. With the right data, tracking and tools,  support can be provided to projects that commit to a more sustainable future. With the appropriate planning and development, progressive blockchain teams can create new systems that will help us to adapt to changing environments in this fast-paced world. According to Conservation.org, 11 percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are due to deforestation. Taking data from NASA's global climate change site it is clear that the planet is facing unprecedented change in our natural landscapes. The indicates that we are on a path to exceed 1.5C global warming unless we drastically reduce emissions. It also highlights that extreme weather events have become more frequent and that greenhouse gases released by humans are a key driver of temperature changes. sixth IPCC climate change report With all of the drastic climate scenarios facing us, how can blockchain solutions help us with these monumental challenges? The following projects are using blockchain technology to combat the negative impact of our over-reliance on natural resources. Regen Network Founded in 2018, Regen Network is a project that allows farmers and individuals to track soil regeneration efforts on the blockchain. The broader vision encourages farmers to become land stewards, allowing them to be rewarded for their commitment to taking care of their land. In an open market, they can sell their ecological services such as holistic grazing or agroforestry to buyers globally. Toucan Protocol Toucan Protocol is the largest buyer of offsets worldwide. Toucan is a blockchain project that is developing carbon market infrastructure. It is designed to bring the carbon market to individuals that want to support a more sustainable future. It runs on the Polygon network, an energy-efficient layer 2 blockchain. Toucan tokenize carbon credits on the blockchain. carbon The Climate Collective The Climate Collective is a coalition of companies working together to build a connection between Web3 and climate action. Through collaboration, the collective can assess climate-focused organizations and connect them with streams of funding opportunities and partners. Their mission is to accelerate regenerative applications using Celo’s carbon-negative blockchain and mobile-first infrastructure. Klima DAO Klima DAO was founded by a pseudo-anonymous group of developers. It operates as a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) and is community-governed. The main focus of Klima DAO is to motivate companies to reduce their carbon emissions by focusing on increasing the cost of carbon emissions. Klima DAO incentivizes the new supply of Base Carbon Tonnes (BCT), a tokenized version of carbon credits, on the blockchain. Moreover, the project aims to store as many BCT as possible in its treasury by buying them for KLIMA. Individuals can buy BCT on the market and bond them with KLIMA for a discount. After five days, they receive discounted KLIMA, which they can either sell for a profit or decide to stake with the protocol to expand their share of the KLIMA supply. File Coin Green Filecoin Green is a Protocol Labs initiative to decarbonize the Filecoin Network. The initiative is spearheading a future of verifiably clean energy powered by crypto. By marrying blockchain’s granular tracking functionality with the information-sharing infrastructure of Web3, Filecoin Green will incentivize its network to reduce emissions. Starting with decarbonizing the Filecoin Network, the initiative then aims to build open-source tools that quantifiably measure and mitigate emissions generated from crypto-related activity. Sovereign Nature Initiative The Sovereign Nature Initiative (SNI) fosters the exploration and development of technologies that can allow nature to become self-governing. SNI strives to reconfigure the intersection between ecology, economy, and emerging technologies. Using advanced NFT technology partnering with Unique Network, SNI is experimenting with alternative ways to give nature a voice in the development of a sustainable future. Shamba Network The Shamba team are developing a digital monitoring, reporting and verification system that leverages satellite data, geospatial models and AI to power Web3 applications. Small scale ReFi projects require accurate reporting and tracking to ensure no greenwashing is taking place. Shamba will provide the data and tools to unlock the benefits of the regenerative finance economy. Digital Art 4 Climate Fresh from the discussions with leading climate change policy makers at COP27, the team at Digital Art 4 Climate have been consistently demonstrating the power of NFTs to showcase the impact of climate change in different scenarios. Since then they have launched with Unique Network and UN Habitat, Digital Art 4 Climate have been encouraging activists and artists to come together in support of climate research. Moss Earth Moss.earth is a Sao Paulo-based climate tech company pioneering digitization of environmental assets, starting with the conservation of the Amazon rainforest. Its initial product is MCO2, a tokenized carbon credit listed on the world's largest crypto exchange, and used by leading global corporations and institutions to instantaneously offset their corporate and customer carbon footprints. In one year, MOSS and its customers have sent more than $15 million USD to the Amazon Forest, helping preserve approximately 500 million trees. MOSS is the largest trader of voluntary carbon credits in Brazil and one of the largest in the world overall As organizations continue the march towards a more sustainable future, Blockchain technology can help to provide the transparency required that proves the green initiatives of companies are working and making a difference. These climate focused initiatives incorporate elements of data capture, climate awareness and experimentation with new applications. Also published here .

9 Promising Climate Focused Blockchain Projects for 2023 

Programmatic S3 Object Storage Integration With NodeJS

by Lucius Gregory Meredith & Ralph Benko The internet as originally envisioned by its creators is a decentralized global compute and storage infrastructure accessible by anyone from anywhere in the world. That vision has not been realized, due to the dominance of the de facto gatekeepers. Google, Meta, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon offer socially vital information utilities that are held behind corporate firewalls. The tantalizing promise of the blockchain to restore the vision has been stymied by blockchain’s scaling limitations. Specifically, existing chains get slower as nodes are added. It is not feasible to store consequential data assets directly on chain. And, if even assets could be stored on chain, no chains offer meaningful search capabilities. Until now. RChain is uniquely qualified to deliver on the promise of the decentralized internet because: RChain gets faster as you add nodes to the network. RChain gets about 1000  transactions per second (tps) per node per CPU. So, a network of 10 nodes, each of which has 10 CPUs, gets 10,000 tps; a network of 20 nodes, each of which has 20 CPUs, gets 20,000 tps; etc. Bitcoin gets 6 or 7 tps. Ethereum gets around 20 tps. And while Solana reports 30,000 tps, if a chain scales, it will not have a fixed tps. RChain lets you store digital assets directly on chain. RChain lets users mount the chain as if it were a local file system, in the same manner that Dropbox and other internet storage solutions do. Thus users can use their local file browser to drag and drop digital assets onto chain. These assets include the usual suspects such as documents, audio, and video data. Likewise, using their local file browser users can mint these resources as NFTs, and in the case of audio and video data they can stream these data assets back from chain using their locally installed players. RChain lets you search for digital assets stored on chain. For example, in the case of audio data, digital audio recordings of music can be processed to detect tempo, time signature, key, instrumentation, and much more. Song libraries can be searched by their musical content. While RChain’s smart contracting language, rholang, is a concurrent smart contracting language, it is also a transactional query language integrating the best of SQL and no-SQL. This query capability can be used in conjunction with digital processing algorithms to search resources on chain on the basis of the resources’ content. Welcome to Web 3.0. If your interest is piqued, read on. Preamble to your acquisition of new superpowers. What you have in your hand is the secret decoder ring for the most scalable blockchain on planet Earth. In a few short sentences you will be able to win friends and defeat rivals with your understanding of key solutions to blockchain’s persistent scaling problems. In a few more sentences you will find your powers of perception and persuasion increasing as you understand that beyond the first layer of scaling problems – can you add nodes to your network and make it go faster? – there are more challenges. These too can be addressed simply and effectively. Finally, after acquiring these you will find yourself bathed in the light of compassion for the suffering users who have been struggling with the stone knives and bearskins that are Bitcoin and Ethereum and the other also-ran solutions. You will discover how Web 3.0 is so much more than scalable blockchain. siddhis Web 3.0 presents a clearly identifiable set of features that bring about the next wave of global information utilities right when they are most needed. The secret to scaling the blockchain. The solution to blockchain’s persistent scaling problems turns out to be the same solution needed to address the problem plaguing the software industry. Concurrency. It used to be that a programmer could write some C code and sit on her hands for 18 months. Her code would become 2X faster just because the new chipset had come out. That was Moore’s law in a nutshell. That stopped in 2005. Since then, scaling all software, including blockchain, has been about concurrency. While the industry has struggled to come to grips with this shift, new models of computation (the mobile process calculi of which the and are paradigmatic examples) have been developed to take full advantage of this sea change. That’s what RChain is all about. π-calculus rho-calculus A programmer can write code in rholang and sit on their hands for 18 months and their code will just get faster. Yes, RChain’s block merge feature will make their deployment process faster. Yes, rholang will be updated with release, and that will dramatically speed up rholang code. the 1.1 optimization But more importantly, the hardware market has been on a 20+ year trajectory — which is only sharpening — to deliver more physical threads per cubic centimeter at lower power consumption and lower cost each development cycle. This is the new Moore’s law. RChain was made for that. RChain delivers a model of computing that allows it to get faster as nodes are added to the network, unlike all other blockchains. Currently, RChain gets about 1000 tps per node per CPU. So, a network of 10 nodes each of which has 10 CPUs gets 10,000 tps; a network of 20 nodes each of which has 20 CPUs gets 20,000 tps; etc. Basically, RChain’s software (think about it as a virtual computer) uses all the hardware, turning hardware computing capacity into software performance. Scaling the blockchain was never about some mystical consensus algorithm. It was and is all about concurrency. The reason is simple: most transactions are isolated. Imagine someone buying empanadas in Santiago while someone else is simultaneously buying grilled tofu in Shanghai. Almost certainly these transactions are isolated, and so can be run concurrently without any problems. In fact, that’s what happens on today’s financial networks, which is why they scale. Ethereum and Cardano and Solana and the rest all run these transactions in sequence. That’s why they don’t scale and cannot scale. RChain runs as many transactions concurrently as possible. It can detect when two transactions step on each other’s toes and sequentializes these. It runs everything else concurrently. Running as many transactions concurrently as possible means eating all the physical threads you can throw at RChain. And turning that into performance. Scaling beyond scaling. RChain is based on . But let’s keep our eyes on the prize. Turing-award-winning computer science and it changes how people think about computing The next most important thing to understand about scaling the blockchain is that as soon as you add smart contracting to a blockchain you are adding an entirely new kind of risk. The core protocol could be written by the angels themselves and yet, because the pesky, fallible humans are adding smart contracts into the mix, very very bad things can happen. One example of this is the infamous DAO smart contract. That Solidity contract was audited top to bottom and still it contained many serious errors. One, the famous reentrancy error, allowed an exploit which drained $50M worth of ETH from a contract funded with $150M worth of ETH. None of this had to happen. provide automated safety, liveness, and security guarantees for programs written in the style afforded by a language like rholang. 30-year-old developments in computer science As soon as the error happened . Thus, the buggy code would never have been checked in, let alone deployed. the RChain team rewrote the buggy DAO contract in rholang and showed that the error would have been caught at compile time What saved Ethereum was the fact that it doesn’t scale. At the time it was running at about 7 tps. So, the network had an entire month to rectify the problem. If Ethereum had been running at Visa level speeds (some 40K tps) all the ETH would have been drained from the contract in 1 second and the network would have never recovered. So, even were a smart contracting network to get to scalability, it faces the new challenge of defending against egregious user-introduced errors. None of the incumbent networks are ready for this challenge. Being ready for this challenge has been part of . In fact, RChain is 4th generation smart contracting technology, the first generation of which was Microsoft’s BizTalk Process Orchestration. The lead author of this article was the principal architect of that solution which delivered internet scale smart contracts in 2000. RChain’s design since before Bitcoin was a gleam in Satoshi’s eye Will the real Web 3.0 please stand up? Why do we need a scalable blockchain? To paraphrase James Carville’s admonition to Candidate Bill Clinton: It’s the data, stupid. When you pick up your mobile device or your laptop, how often are you clicking a button to make a payment versus how often are you engaging an app to do a data transaction? As you read tweets about RChain, and as you tweet about it, you have no click-to-pay event. Rather, you are engaged in lots of data transactions. Same with Google Maps and Gmail and YouTube and Facebook and Instagram. Data dominates Internet transactions. Following this basic observation, you want a chain that can do data and compute first and foremost. That is where the vast majority of the transactions are. Payments, by comparison, are subsidiary. But what does it mean to do data and compute first? Among other things, it means you can store data assets directly on chain. RChain . In fact, RChain demonstrated mounting RChain as if it were a local file system, in the same manner that Dropbox and other internet storage solutions do, and allowing users to drag and drop resources onto chain using their local file browser. just demonstrated storing video data on chain and streaming it back from chain Specifically, users can drag and drop documents, photos, audio files, and video files onto chain. Further, they can mint these resources as NFTs, using same said local file browser. And in the case of audio and video data they can stream these data assets back from chain using their locally installed players. Easy to use on chain storage is a necessary condition to making Web 3.0 ubiquitous. Yet, not sufficient. The other thing that becomes important, and what made the global digital economy, is search. It’s all very well to be able to store digital assets on chain. For this to be useful, you need to be able to find them again. Just as Google made it possible to find any resource on the internet — websites, goods, services, people, reviews, analysis — RChain makes it possible to search for digital assets stored on chain, and not just on the basis of metadata but also on the basis of objective algorithmically detectable properties of the digital assets. For a simple example, in the case of audio data, digital audio recordings of music can be processed to detect tempo, time signature, key, instrumentation, and much more. Song libraries can be searched on the basis of their musical content. Rholang is not just a concurrent smart contracting language. It is also a transactional query language integrating the best of SQL and no-SQL. This query capability can be used in conjunction with digital processing algorithms to search resources on chain based on their content. By way of comparison, platforms like OpenSea keep digital assets associated with NFTs stored off chain in an unsearchable storage mechanism like IPFS behind an unsearchable blockchain, like Ethereum. This is a step backwards from what users have had from Web 2.0 for over a decade. It will not stand as a viable Web 3.0 solution. RChain takes search capability forward to a Web 3.0 that delivers new and exciting discovery capabilities. You’ve taken your first step into a larger world. We could go on and talk about how Web 3.0 needs advertising even more than Web 2.0, and how RChain provides an on-chain decentralized advertising solution that avoids the moral hazards of the nonconsensual collection of personally identifiable or sensitive data. Instead, we will take this opportunity to remind you that with great power comes great responsibility. What responsibility are we talking about? The world is beyond the tipping point. Many of the consequences of climate change are now unavoidable. state that unless we take painful and unprecedented action we are going to surpass 2.7C temperature rise in the next 30 years. Barring a miracle, we will not be able to prevent the rise above 1.5C. The last two IPCC reports Just past 1.5C the tropical zone of the planet becomes uninhabitable. Forty percent of the world’s population lives in the tropical zone. That means that, if the IPCC projections are correct, in 20 years or less, 2.8B people are going to have to relocate. This is a humanitarian crisis the scope and scale of which humanity has never seen before. With your newfound superpowers, hereby conferred to you by the RChain tech, you will be able to build global telecommunications, compute, storage, and smart power grid solutions that can reroute against the disasters that will threaten Earth’s electronic infrastructure – so that we won’t become isolated, disconnected enclaves. We will be able to remain in dialogue about local and global solutions as we find them to give humanity a fighting chance. For now, we will leave you here to contemplate your destiny. Stay free! is president and founder of RChain Cooperative. Greg is a mathematician, and the discoverer of the rho-calculus, a co-inventor of OSLF (Operational Semantics in Logic Form), and the inventor of the ToGL approach to graph theory. Lucius Gregory (Greg) Meredith an advisor to RChain Cooperative, is a former White House official, a lawyer and consultant specializing in Government and Public Relations, Strategic Communications, Law, Finance, and Blockchain. He also serves as senior counselor to the American Blockchain PAC. Ralph Benko Lead Photo by on Michael Dziedzic Unsplash

Meetings with Remarkable Tech: Can RChain Solve Scaling Limitations in Blockchain?

Blockchain is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in a variety of applications these days, including smart healthcare, smart education, cryptocurrency, and many more. This technology and its applications consist of many topics which can be published and debated in a variety of generalized and well-respected conferences, journals, summits, and workshops. Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology, CVCBT
Link: https://www.cryptovalleyconference.com/ ICBC - IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
Link: https://icbc2022.ieee-icbc.org/ IEEE International Conference on Blockchain, (Blockchain)
Link: http://www.blockchain-ieee.org/ International Conference on Cloud Computing, Big Data and Blockchain, ICCBB
Link: http://fzuconf.com/ICCBB-2018/index.htm Bitcoin Conference
Link: https://b.tc/conference/ CRYBLOCK  - Workshop on Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains for Distributed Systems Link: http://www.cryblock.org/ BCC - ACM Workshop on Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies and Contracts Link: https://www.isical.ac.in/\~bcc/bcc19/ IWBOSE  - IEEE  International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering Link: https://www.agile-group.org/iwbose2021/ IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain, WETSEB. Link: https://www.agile-group.org/wetseb2022/ BlockSys - Workshop on Blockchain-Enabled Networked Sensor Systems Link: https://acmblocksys.github.io/blocksys2021/ BSCI ACM International Symposium on Blockchain and Secure Critical Infrastructure Link: http://www.cloud-conf.net/bsci/2022/ Paris Blockchain Week Summit Link: https://pbwsummit.com/ Blockchain Life Link: https://blockchain-life.com/europe/en/ World Blockchain Summit Link: https://tresconglobal.com/conferences/blockchain/dubai/ Blockchain Revolution Global Link: https://blockchainrevolutionglobal.com/ DC Blockchain Summit
Link: https://dcblockchainsummit.com/ Blockchain & Sustainable Economic Growth Link: https://gbaglobal.org/blockchain-sustainable-economic-growth/ European Blockchain Convention
Link: https://eblockchainconvention.com/ Blockchain and Internet of Things Conference Link: http://www.biotc.net/ International Congress on Blockchain and Applications
Link: https://www.blockchain-congress.net/ Government Blockchain Association (GBA) Events Link: https://gbaglobal.org/events/ Sustainable Energy: Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
Link: https://www.sebccon.com/ Blockchain in Oil & Gas Conference Link: https://blockchain-oilandgas.energyconferencenetwork.com/ Blockchain Tech Summit
Link: http://blockchaintechsummit.org/ Blockchain Economy Summit
Link: https://blockchaineconomy.global/ Future Blockchain Summit Link: https://www.futureblockchainsummit.com/ Blockchain for Governance Link: https://www.d4a.io/ Istanbul Blockchain Week
Link: https://istanbulblockchainweek.com/ Blockchain Summit Link: https://blockchainvsummit.com/ ELEV8CON PARABOLIC Link: https://elev8con.com/elev8con/ CRYPTOWORLDCON Link: https://cryptoworldcon.com/ Israel Crypto Conference Link: https://www.israelcrypto.io/events/israel-crypto-conference-2022 BlockchainUA Conference. Community. Trends. Link: https://blockchainua.com/en/ Permissionless Link: https://blockworks.co/events/permissionless/ Consensus Link: https://www.coindesk.com/consensus2022/ Blockchain Futurist Conference
Link: https://www.futuristconference.com/ India Blockchain Week (IBW)
Link: https://www.inblockchainweek.com/ The North American Bitcoin Conference Link: https://www.btcmiami.com/ The Science of Blockchain Conference (SBC) Link: https://cbr.stanford.edu/sbc22/ The Blockchain Event Link: https://www.theblockchainevent.com/east/ ETHDenver Link: https://www.ethdenver.com/ LendIt Fintech NEXUS Link: https://www.lendit.com/nexus/2022/ Bitcoin Day Sacramento
Link: https://bitcoinday.io/sacramento22 Crypto State Link: https://www.coindesk.com/static/2021/11/30/crypto-state-2021-events-page/ FinTech Festival India Link: https://www.fintechfestival.in/event/6cf223a8-3f97-45d0-a2d9-1e8c1cae49ba/summary Future Digital Finance Link: https://netfinance.wbresearch.com/ Crypto Clarity: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at Crypto and Financial Crime with Coinbase and Binance Link: https://www.unit21.ai/resources/events-webinars/register-for-crypto-clarity-webinar-with-coinbase-and-binance Shred the System: Driving the Crypto & Blockchain Revolution Link: https://summits.harrisburgu.edu/cryptocurrency-conference/ Blockchain Africa Conference
Link: https://blockchainafrica.co/ Dystopia Fest Link: https://dystopialabs.com/ New York FinTech Week Link: https://empirestartups.com/events/new-york-fintech-week/ Empire FinTech Conference Link: https://empirestartups.com/events/fintech-conference/ Open Banking & Instant Payments Summit Link: https://www.kinfos.events/ob-ips/ AIM Summit Link: https://www.aimsummit.com/ Reuters Events: Investment USA Link: <https://events.reutersevents.com/finance/investment-usa?        utm_source=bizzabo&utm_medium=eventlisting &utm_campaign=5530> LendIt Fintech USA Link: https://www.lendit.com/usa/2022/ DeFi Conf Link: https://deficonf.xyz/#/ MONEYCONF Link: https://websummit.com/tracks/moneyconf Money20/20 Europe Link: https://europe.money2020.com/ Reuters Events Renewable Finance and Investment North America Link: <https://events.reutersevents.com/renewable-energy/finance-investment-usa?utm_source=Media Partner%3A Bizzabo&utm_medium=Event Listing &utm_campaign=5536> Reuters Events: Payments Summit Europe Link: <https://events.reutersevents.com/finance/payments-europe?utm_source=bizzabo&utm_medium=eventlisting &utm_campaign=5565> Mallorca Blockchain Days Link: https://mallorcablockchaindays.com/ London FinTech Week 2022 Link: https://www.fintechweek.london/event/0d7c012f-8593-4b1a-a93d-0d4a22b5b9b9/summary Zebu Live Link: https://www.zebulive.xyz/ Money 20/20 USA Link: https://us.money2020.com/ TOKEN2409 Europe Link: https://www.europe.token2049.com/ Decentralized Link: https://www.decentralized.com/ Blockchain Finance Forum: Europe Link: https://www.blockchainfinanceforum.com/ Fintech connect Link: https://www.fintechconnect.com/events-london CrossTech Conferences/ Events
Link: https://imtconferences.com/ Blockchain Conference - Harvard CMSA Link: https://cmsa.fas.harvard.edu/blockchain/ BSV-DEVCON
Link: https://bsvdevcon.net/ Blockchain Technology Conference (Blockchainconf)
Link: https://blockchainconf.net/ Blockchain: Research and Applications (Journal)
Link: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/blockchain-research-and-applications Frontiers in Blockchain (Journal)
Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/blockchain International Journal of Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies
Link: https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijbc IET Blockchain  (Journal)
Link: https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/26341573 Journal of Blockchain Research
Link: https://www.intlpress.com/site/pub/pages/journals/items/jbr/_home/_main/index.php Special Issue "Advances in Blockchain Technology and Applications"
Link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci/special_issues/Blockchain_2020 Special Issue "Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies"
Link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jrfm/special_issues/Blockchain Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law and Policy
Link: https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/ Call For Papers: Special Issue on Blockchain
Link: https://www.springer.com/journal/10619/updates/19089506 The Journal of The British Blockchain Association (The JBBA)
Link: https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/ Special Issue Call for Papers: Blockchain-based applications for enhancing cybersecurity in manufacturing and building supply chain resilience
Link: https://research.com/special-issue/blockchain-based-applications-for-enhancing-cybersecurity-in-manufacturing-and-building-supply-chain-resilience Blockchain in Healthcare Today(BHTY)
Link: https://blockchainhealthcaretoday.com/index.php/journal International Journal of Blockchain Applications and Secure Computing (IJBASC)
Link: [https://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-blockchain-applications-secure/290373#:\~:text=provides a...-,The International Journal of Blockchain Applications and Secure Computing (IJBASC,blockchain technology and secure computing](https://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-blockchain-applications-secure/290373#:%5C~:text=provides%20a...-,The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Blockchain%20Applications%20and%20Secure%20Computing%20(IJBASC,blockchain%20technology%20and%20secure%20computing) Special Issue on Fusing Blockchain and AI with Metaverse: Technologies, Trends, and Applications
Link: https://www.computer.org/digital-library/journals/oj/cfp-blockchain-ai-metaverse Recent Advances on Blockchain for Network and Service Management
Link: https://www.comsoc.org/publications/journals/ieee-tnsm/cfp/recent-advances-blockchain-network-and-service-management Blockchain Incubator Workshop
Link: https://blockchain.ieee.org/conferences/incubator-workshop Ledger journal
Link: https://ledgerjournal.org/ojs/index.php/ledger Blockchain Expo World Series
Link: https://www.blockchain-expo.com/ Call for Papers for Special Issue on "Blockchain and Electronic Commerce"
Link: https://www.springer.com/journal/12525/updates/20197204 BSV Bitcoin association (Conferances and Events)
Link: https://bitcoinassociation.net Dcentral Austin
Link: https://www.dcentralcon.com/ BlackSeaChain Link: https://www.blackseachain.com/ Blockchain Oracle Summit Link: https://blockchainoraclesummit.io/ Blockchain Technology Symposium Link: https://bts-2022.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/ Bitcoin Mining Conference Link: https://braiins.com/bitcoin-mining-conference-2022 The African Women in Technology- Blockchain/Crypto Conference Link: https://www.africanwomenintech.com/the-african-women-in-technology-host-the-blockchain-crypto-conference-july-6-8/ International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Information Security Link: http://www.bctis.net/ I've listed some of the venues here, but this list is likely to grow in the near future as new venues are added. Aside from this, there are a number of blockchain-related books where researchers can quickly publish their findings. Various groups, webcasts, podcasts, blogs, and lecture series relevant to blockchain research can also be used to discuss your ongoing work and receive suitable feedback. Please let me know if there is anything I've forgotten. Both I and this blog will be upgraded. Please contact me via any social media platform or email. kaur.3@iitj.ac.in https://twitter.com/Jaspreet173 https://www.linkedin.com/in/jaspreet-kaur-07726a123/ https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003792556320 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jaspreet-Kaur-107

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