Bitcoin White Paper: 9. Combining and Splitting Value

Too Long; Didn't Read

It would be unwieldy to make a separate transaction for every cent in a transfer. To allow value to be split and combined, transactions contain multiple inputs and outputs. There is never the need to extract a complete standalone copy of a transaction's history. Fan-out, where a transaction depends on several transactions, is not a problem here. It should be noted that fan-out does not require a complete copy of the history of a payment history to be extracted from a single transaction.