API Development Gets a Boost as ChatGPT and Quarkus Streamline Java Workflow

My last two articles (part 1 and part 2) focused on getting to market quickly using Java. The only difference was the build automation tool that I used for each example. This time, I want to step outside of my comfort zone and try something a little different. part 1 part 2 I read about how Quarkus is a Kubernetes-native Java framework designed for building fast, lightweight microservices. What’s even better is that it is optimized for cloud environments, including features like fast startup times, low memory footprints, and support for both imperative and reactive programming models. Quarkus Like before, the key to success is how quickly we can go from idea to reality. In this case, let’s see how quickly I can establish a new API using Quarkus and deploy it to the cloud. Leaning on ChatGPT for Assistance … Again I started this series by asking ChatGPT to help create an OpenAPI specification for my Motivational Quotes service. This time, I’m asking ChatGPT how to get started with Quarkus for another instance of this service. ChatGPT guides me through a series of steps, starting with using the Quarkus CLI, which I install locally with Homebrew. Quarkus CLI $ brew install quarkusio/tap/quarkus $ quarkus --version 3.19.4 $ brew install quarkusio/tap/quarkus $ quarkus --version 3.19.4 I use the CLI to create the new project: $ quarkus create app com.example.quotes:quotes-quarkus $ quarkus create app com.example.quotes:quotes-quarkus The CLI responds with the following output: Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io -----------

applying codestarts... ✓ java ✓ maven ✓ quarkus ✓ config-properties ✓ tooling-dockerfiles ✓ tooling-maven-wrapper ✓ rest-codestart

----------- [SUCCESS] ✓ quarkus project has been successfully generated in: --> /Users/johnvester/projects/jvc/quotes-quarkus ----------- Navigate into this directory and get started: quarkus dev Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io -----------

applying codestarts... ✓ java ✓ maven ✓ quarkus ✓ config-properties ✓ tooling-dockerfiles ✓ tooling-maven-wrapper ✓ rest-codestart

----------- [SUCCESS] ✓ quarkus project has been successfully generated in: --> /Users/johnvester/projects/jvc/quotes-quarkus ----------- Navigate into this directory and get started: quarkus dev We can see from scanning the root directory that Quarkus uses the Maven build automation tool by default: $ cd quotes-quarkus && ls -la total 96 drwxr-xr-x 11 johnvester 352 Mar 22 11:55 . drwxrwxrwx 91 root 2912 Mar 22 11:55 .. -rw-r--r--@ 1 johnvester 6148 Mar 22 11:55 .DS_Store -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 75 Mar 22 11:55 .dockerignore -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 423 Mar 22 11:55 .gitignore drwxr-xr-x 3 johnvester 96 Mar 22 11:55 .mvn -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 1793 Mar 22 11:55 README.md -rwxr-xr-x 1 johnvester 11172 Mar 22 11:55 mvnw -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 7697 Mar 22 11:55 mvnw.cmd -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 5003 Mar 22 11:55 pom.xml drwxr-xr-x 5 johnvester 160 Mar 22 11:55 src $ cd quotes-quarkus && ls -la total 96 drwxr-xr-x 11 johnvester 352 Mar 22 11:55 . drwxrwxrwx 91 root 2912 Mar 22 11:55 .. -rw-r--r--@ 1 johnvester 6148 Mar 22 11:55 .DS_Store -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 75 Mar 22 11:55 .dockerignore -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 423 Mar 22 11:55 .gitignore drwxr-xr-x 3 johnvester 96 Mar 22 11:55 .mvn -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 1793 Mar 22 11:55 README.md -rwxr-xr-x 1 johnvester 11172 Mar 22 11:55 mvnw -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 7697 Mar 22 11:55 mvnw.cmd -rw-r--r-- 1 johnvester 5003 Mar 22 11:55 pom.xml drwxr-xr-x 5 johnvester 160 Mar 22 11:55 src Like the OpenAPI specification in my first article, ChatGPT provides the necessary steps to get me to a point where I can be successful. Developing My Quarkus Service To avoid duplication of effort, I’ll continue to use the OpenAPI specification from my first article. Leveraging guidance from Quarkus documentation and my prior API-First experience, I update pom.xml as noted below: guidance from Quarkus documentation pom.xml 4.0.0 com.example.quotes quotes-quarkus 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

3.14.0 1.18.36 21 7.12.0 UTF-8 UTF-8 quarkus-bom io.quarkus.platform 3.19.4 true 3.5.2

${quarkus.platform.group-id} ${quarkus.platform.artifact-id} ${quarkus.platform.version} pom import

io.quarkus quarkus-arc io.quarkus quarkus-resteasy-jackson io.quarkus quarkus-smallrye-openapi

org.projectlombok lombok ${lombok.version} provided

io.quarkus quarkus-junit5 test io.rest-assured rest-assured test

src/main/resources **/* ${quarkus.platform.group-id} quarkus-maven-plugin ${quarkus.platform.version} true build generate-code generate-code-tests native-image-agent maven-compiler-plugin ${compiler-plugin.version} true org.projectlombok lombok 1.18.36 maven-surefire-plugin ${surefire-plugin.version} org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager ${maven.home} maven-failsafe-plugin ${surefire-plugin.version} integration-test verify ${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager ${maven.home} org.openapitools openapi-generator-maven-plugin ${openapi-generator-maven-plugin.version} quotes-api generate ${project.basedir}/src/main/resources/META-INF/openapi.yaml com.example.api com.example.model ${codegen.openapi.generated-sources-dir} jaxrs-spec false false false false src/main/java true false true java8 false com.example.api

native native false true 4.0.0 com.example.quotes quotes-quarkus 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

3.14.0 1.18.36 21 7.12.0 UTF-8 UTF-8 quarkus-bom io.quarkus.platform 3.19.4 true 3.5.2

${quarkus.platform.group-id} ${quarkus.platform.artifact-id} ${quarkus.platform.version} pom import

io.quarkus quarkus-arc io.quarkus quarkus-resteasy-jackson io.quarkus quarkus-smallrye-openapi

org.projectlombok lombok ${lombok.version} provided

io.quarkus quarkus-junit5 test io.rest-assured rest-assured test

src/main/resources **/* ${quarkus.platform.group-id} quarkus-maven-plugin ${quarkus.platform.version} true build generate-code generate-code-tests native-image-agent maven-compiler-plugin ${compiler-plugin.version} true org.projectlombok lombok 1.18.36 maven-surefire-plugin ${surefire-plugin.version} org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager ${maven.home} maven-failsafe-plugin ${surefire-plugin.version} integration-test verify ${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager ${maven.home} org.openapitools openapi-generator-maven-plugin ${openapi-generator-maven-plugin.version} quotes-api generate ${project.basedir}/src/main/resources/META-INF/openapi.yaml com.example.api com.example.model ${codegen.openapi.generated-sources-dir} jaxrs-spec false false false false src/main/java true false true java8 false com.example.api

native native false true This time, we place the openapi.yaml file into the resources/META-INF folder and create an application.properties file in the resources folder. The contents of the file are as follows: openapi.yaml the resources/META-INF application.properties resources quarkus.banner.path=banner.txt quarkus.http.port=8080 mp.openapi.scan.disable=true quarkus.banner.path=banner.txt quarkus.http.port=8080 mp.openapi.scan.disable=true Our banner.txt file has the following contents: banner.txt _ __ _ _ _ ___ | |_ ___ ___ / _` | | | |/ _ \| __/ _ \/ __| | (_| | |_| | (_) | || __/\__ \ \__, |\__,_|\___/ \__\___||___/ |_| _ __ _ _ _ ___ | |_ ___ ___ / _` | | | |/ _ \| __/ _ \/ __| | (_| | |_| | (_) | || __/\__ \ \__, |\__,_|\___/ \__\___||___/ |_| Create the Business Logic Like in my prior articles, we’ll use in-memory data for our motivational quotes. In a newly-created repositories package, I add the QuotesRepository class, which is very similar to what we’ve used so far: repositories QuotesRepository @ApplicationScoped public class QuotesRepository { public static final List QUOTES = List.of( new Quote() .id(1) .quote("The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."), new Quote() .id(2) .quote("The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing."), new Quote() .id(3) .quote("Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life."), new Quote() .id(4) .quote("If life were predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor."), new Quote() .id(5) .quote("If you set your goals ridiculously high and it's a failure, you will fail above everyone else's success.") );

public List getAllQuotes() { return QUOTES; }

public Optional getQuoteById(Integer id) { return Optional.ofNullable(QUOTES.stream().filter(quote -> quote.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null)); } } @ApplicationScoped public class QuotesRepository { public static final List QUOTES = List.of( new Quote() .id(1) .quote("The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."), new Quote() .id(2) .quote("The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing."), new Quote() .id(3) .quote("Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life."), new Quote() .id(4) .quote("If life were predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor."), new Quote() .id(5) .quote("If you set your goals ridiculously high and it's a failure, you will fail above everyone else's success.") );

public List getAllQuotes() { return QUOTES; }

public Optional getQuoteById(Integer id) { return Optional.ofNullable(QUOTES.stream().filter(quote -> quote.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null)); } } Next, I add the following QuotesService—which calls the QuotesRepository—to a newly-created services package. QuotesService QuotesRepository services @RequiredArgsConstructor @ApplicationScoped public class QuotesService { private final QuotesRepository quotesRepository;

public List getAllQuotes() { return quotesRepository.getAllQuotes(); }

public Optional getQuoteById(Integer id) { return quotesRepository.getQuoteById(id); }

public Quote getRandomQuote() { List quotes = quotesRepository.getAllQuotes(); return quotes.get(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(quotes.size())); } } @RequiredArgsConstructor @ApplicationScoped public class QuotesService { private final QuotesRepository quotesRepository;

public List getAllQuotes() { return quotesRepository.getAllQuotes(); }

public Optional getQuoteById(Integer id) { return quotesRepository.getQuoteById(id); }

public Quote getRandomQuote() { List quotes = quotesRepository.getAllQuotes(); return quotes.get(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(quotes.size())); } } Finally, I implement the QuotesApi created by our API-First approach. I create a QuotesApiImpl class in a newly-created controllers package with the following contents: QuotesApi QuotesApiImpl controllers @RequiredArgsConstructor public class QuotesApiImpl implements QuotesApi { private final QuotesService quotesService;

@Override public List getAllQuotes() { return quotesService.getAllQuotes(); }

@Override public Quote getQuoteById(Integer id) { return quotesService.getQuoteById(id) .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("Quote not found for id: " + id)); }

@Override public Quote getRandomQuote() { return quotesService.getRandomQuote(); } } @RequiredArgsConstructor public class QuotesApiImpl implements QuotesApi { private final QuotesService quotesService;

@Override public List getAllQuotes() { return quotesService.getAllQuotes(); }

@Override public Quote getQuoteById(Integer id) { return quotesService.getQuoteById(id) .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("Quote not found for id: " + id)); }

@Override public Quote getRandomQuote() { return quotesService.getRandomQuote(); } } We can add a controller test by creating the QuotesApiResourceTest in a newly-created controllers test package: QuotesApiResourceTest controllers @QuarkusTest class QuotesApiResourceTest { @Test void testGetAllQuotes() { given() .when().get("/quotes") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body("$.size()", is(5)); }

@Test void testGetQuoteById() { given() .when().get("/quotes/1") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body("id", is(1)); }

@Test void testGetRandomQuote() { given() .when().get("/quotes/random") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body("id", isA(Integer.class)); } } @QuarkusTest class QuotesApiResourceTest { @Test void testGetAllQuotes() { given() .when().get("/quotes") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body("$.size()", is(5)); }

@Test void testGetQuoteById() { given() .when().get("/quotes/1") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body("id", is(1)); }

@Test void testGetRandomQuote() { given() .when().get("/quotes/random") .then() .statusCode(200) .contentType(ContentType.JSON) .body("id", isA(Integer.class)); } } We also add the QuotesApiResourceIT integration test, which simply calls the test above: QuotesApiResourceIT @QuarkusIntegrationTest class QuotesApiResourceIT extends QuotesApiResourceTest { // Integration Tests ran in packaged mode } @QuarkusIntegrationTest class QuotesApiResourceIT extends QuotesApiResourceTest { // Integration Tests ran in packaged mode } Now we are ready to run our service. Building and Running the Service We use the following command to start a local instance of our API: $ quarkus dev $ quarkus dev The command builds the project, runs the tests, and starts a local instance: Listening for transport dt_socket at address: 5005 _ __ _ _ _ ___ | |_ ___ ___ / _` | | | |/ _ \| __/ _ \/ __| | (_| | |_| | (_) | || __/\__ \ \__, |\__,_|\___/ \__\___||___/ |_|

Powered by Quarkus 3.19.4 2025-03-30 12:51:38,235 INFO [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) quotes-quarkus 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT on JVM (powered by Quarkus 3.19.4) started in 3.729s. Listening on: http://localhost:8080

2025-03-30 12:51:38,259 INFO [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Profile dev activated. Live Coding activated. 2025-03-30 12:51:38,261 INFO [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy, resteasy-jackson, smallrye-context-propagation, smallrye-openapi, swagger-ui, vertx]

-- Tests paused Press [e] to edit command line args (currently ''), [r] to resume testing, [o] Toggle test output, [:] for the terminal, [h] for more options> Listening for transport dt_socket at address: 5005 _ __ _ _ _ ___ | |_ ___ ___ / _` | | | |/ _ \| __/ _ \/ __| | (_| | |_| | (_) | || __/\__ \ \__, |\__,_|\___/ \__\___||___/ |_|

Powered by Quarkus 3.19.4 2025-03-30 12:51:38,235 INFO [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) quotes-quarkus 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT on JVM (powered by Quarkus 3.19.4) started in 3.729s. Listening on: http://localhost:8080

2025-03-30 12:51:38,259 INFO [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Profile dev activated. Live Coding activated. 2025-03-30 12:51:38,261 INFO [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) Installed features: [cdi, resteasy, resteasy-jackson, smallrye-context-propagation, smallrye-openapi, swagger-ui, vertx]

-- Tests paused Press [e] to edit command line args (currently ''), [r] to resume testing, [o] Toggle test output, [:] for the terminal, [h] for more options> We can validate that the service is working locally with the following curl command: curl --location 'http://localhost:8080/quotes/random' curl --location 'http://localhost:8080/quotes/random' { "id": 2, "quote": "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing." } { "id": 2, "quote": "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing." } Everything looks good! The Dev UI in Quarkus When running in local dev mode, Quarkus provides a really nice developer UI: The Endpoints option provides both RESTful URLs and additional URLs to help ease the development process: Endpoints We can also use the http://localhost:8080/q/swagger-ui/ URL to view the Swagger UI: http://localhost:8080/q/swagger-ui/ http://localhost:8080/q/swagger-ui/ We can stop the local instance with Ctrl-C. Ctrl-C Leveraging Heroku to Deploy the Service Since I used Heroku for my prior articles, I wonder if support exists for Quarkus services. It turns out… it does! Going with Heroku helps me deploy my services quickly. I don’t lose time dealing with infrastructure concerns. Like before, I need to allow for the service port to be overridden. In this case, we just need to update the following line in application.properties, as PORT will be set by Heroku at runtime: application.properties PORT quarkus.http.port=${PORT:8080} quarkus.http.port=${PORT:8080} To match the Java version we’re using, we create a system.properties file in the root folder of the project. The file has one line: system.properties java.runtime.version = 17 java.runtime.version = 17 Then, I create a Procfile in the same location for customizing the deployment behavior. This file also has one line: Procfile web: java \$JAVA_OPTS -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar web: java \$JAVA_OPTS -jar target/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar Next we need to execute the mvn package command as a final step before we attempt to deploy to Heroku. Expanding the target folder in IntelliJ shows the quarkus-run.jar file that is expected by the Procfile (above). mvn package quarkus-run.jar Procfile It’s time to deploy. With the Heroku CLI, I can deploy the service using a few simple commands. First, I authenticate the CLI and then create a new Heroku app. Heroku CLI $ heroku login $ heroku create $ heroku login $ heroku create The CLI responds with the following response: Creating app... done, ⬢ murmuring-refuge-95709 https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/murmuring-refuge-95709.git Creating app... done, ⬢ murmuring-refuge-95709 https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/murmuring-refuge-95709.git My Heroku app instance is named murmuring-refuge-95709, so my service will run at https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/. murmuring-refuge-95709 One last thing to do … push the code to Heroku, which deploys the service: $ git push heroku main $ git push heroku main Switching back to Heroku Dashboard, we see our service has deployed successfully: But Wait … There’s More In addition to the JAR-based approach, Heroku supports deploying Quarkus services using a Docker or Podman container. Taking this approach provides complete control over its content, allowing deployment via a native executable running on GraalVM. See this guide for additional details. this guide Motivational Quotes in Action Using the Heroku app URL, https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/, we can now test our Motivational Quotes API using curl commands. First, we retrieve the list of quotes: curl --location 'https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/quotes' curl --location 'https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/quotes' [ { "id": 1, "quote": "The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." }, { "id": 2, "quote": "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing." }, { "id": 3, "quote": "Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life." }, { "id": 4, "quote": "If life were predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor." }, { "id": 5, "quote": "If you set your goals ridiculously high and it's a failure, you will fail above everyone else's success." } ] [ { "id": 1, "quote": "The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." }, { "id": 2, "quote": "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing." }, { "id": 3, "quote": "Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life." }, { "id": 4, "quote": "If life were predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor." }, { "id": 5, "quote": "If you set your goals ridiculously high and it's a failure, you will fail above everyone else's success." } ] We can retrieve a single quote by its ID: curl --location 'https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/quotes/3' curl --location 'https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/quotes/3' { "id": 3, "quote": "Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life." } { "id": 3, "quote": "Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life." } We can retrieve a random motivational quote: curl --location 'https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/quotes/random' curl --location 'https://murmuring-refuge-95709-a8582dfe9b2b.herokuapp.com/quotes/random' { "id": 2, "quote": "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing." } { "id": 2, "quote": "The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing." } We can view the Heroku Dashboard again to see our metrics after running these commands: Conclusion My readers may recall my personal mission statement, which I feel can apply to any IT professional: “Focus your time on delivering features/functionality that extends the value of your intellectual property. Leverage frameworks, products, and services for everything else.” — J. Vester “Focus your time on delivering features/functionality that extends the value of your intellectual property. Leverage frameworks, products, and services for everything else.” — J. Vester In this article, I had to step outside my comfort zone and work with Quarkus for the very first time. I was able to ease the learning curve by leveraging ChatGPT. Once the project was created and I saw the build system being used was Maven, I was able to use my existing skills to get the API-First functionality in place. From there, I was able to reach out to ChatGPT again to ask how I could convert my existing Spring Boot code to work with Quarkus. The ensuing response introduced me to the @ApplicationScoped annotation used by Quarkus. Quarkus provided a CLI that helped me build and run the service locally, while also providing a Dev UI to ease the process to learn this new service option. @ApplicationScoped From a Heroku side, I was able to quickly deploy and validate my service using the same approach I have followed before. This saved me time in trying to figure out something new when my preference is to focus on making my service better. For these reasons, ChatGPT, Quarkus, and Heroku all adhere to my mission statement. They helped me deploy the new API quickly and without a huge learning burden. If you are interested in the source code for this article, it is available on GitLab. GitLab Have a really great day!