Joining tables is the first big learning curve after getting your head around . SQL basics More often than not you won’t find everything you need in one table so will need to learn which join to use when. If you’re familiar with the in Excel, you’ll be just fine. VLOOKUP function T-SQL supports cross, inner and outer JOIN clauses, and UNION operators to combine datasets. While there are plenty of guides to JOINs that use to get the point across, I prefer something more visual. venn diagrams INNER JOIN Use an INNER join, or just a JOIN, when you want to find the match between two tables. You need to have a key on both tables that you join ON, and that’s where the match happens. Any results where there is not a match are discarded. select o.order_item, i.inventory_item from orders o inner join inventory i on o.order_item = i.inventory_item LEFT OUTER JOIN Use a LEFT OUTER join when you want to find a match between two tables, but also show a NULL where there is no match from the right table. Like the INNER JOIN you need a key to join ON. A RIGHT OUTER JOIN does the same but in reverse. select o.order_item, i.inventory_item from orders o left join inventory i on o.order_item = i.inventory_item CROSS JOIN A CROSS JOIN joins everything with everything. There is no need to provide a key to join on and it can result in a very big data set, (and a really big image so you’ll have to use your imagination when reviewing the image below). Proceed with caution. select o.order_item, i.inventory_item from orders o cross join inventory i UNION While a JOIN combines rows of columns horizontally a UNION combines the results vertically. Using a UNION combines the result of two queries into one column and removes duplicates. If your query has multiple columns, they need to be in the same order to complete the UNION. select * from orders union select * from inventory UNION ALL The UNION ALL combines the results of two queries the same as a UNION but keeps the duplicates in the result. select * from orders union all select * from inventory The best way to get your head around JOINs is to start using them. If you aren’t working with a SQL database already, check out or to experiment with JOINs. SQLZoo Hacker Rank Let me know what other key concepts you think would be useful for complete beginners and junior data analysts. Originally published at dev.to .
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