A New Architecture With Flexible QoS Control for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Image Compression Module 4 System Architecture 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusions A Compression Results References 6 Conclusions This paper presented a new architecture with flexible QoS control for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure. The proposed architecture includes a novel compression method for 2D images, based on k-means clustering. This method is applied to significantly reduce the size of video data transmitted while ensuring the highest quality possible. Additionally, to improve users’ quality of experience (QoE) by considering network conditions, we included a model to estimate the most suitable decision for streaming policies, based on the analysis of historical data using linear regression modeling. Through simulations with a real-world dataset, we show the experimental as well as the performance of QoS system that our approach outperforms previously reported methods. The present work is expected to open an important avenue for future related research. A Compression Results References Nguyen Thuy An, Cong-Thinh Huynh, ByungKwan Lee, Choong Seon Hong and EuiNam Huh, An efficient block classification for media healthcare service in mobile cloud computing, Multimedia Tools Application, 74(14), pp 5209-5223 (2015) Bayliss, E., Steiner, J.F., Fernald, D.H., Crane, L.A. and Main, D.S, Descriptions of barriers to self-care by persons with comorbid chronic diseases, Annals of Family Medicine, 1(1), pp 15-21 (2003) P. Ross, Cloud computing’s killer app: Gaming, IEEE Spectrum, 46(3), (2003) Yu-Chun Chang, Po-Han Tseng, Kuan-Ta Chen and Chin-Laung Lei, Understanding The Performance of Thin-Client Gaming, IEEE Communications Quality and Reliability (CQR), pp 1-6, Naples (2011) Richardson T, Stafford-Fraser Q, Wood KR and Hopper A, Virtual network computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 2(1), pp 33-38, (2002) Manpreet Kaur, Usvir Kaur, Comparison Between K-Mean and Hierarchical Algorithm Using Query Redirection, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 7, (2013) Sheng Feng Li, Quentin Stafford, Fraser and Andy Hopper, Integrating Synchronous and Asynchronous Collaboration with Virtual Network Computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 4(3), pp 26-33, (2002) Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), https://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Wikipedia, Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Shen H, Lu Y, Wu F and Li S, A high-performance remote computing platform, Pervasive computing and communications, pp 1-6, Naples (2009) Juliet SE and Florinabel DJ, Efficient block prediction-based coding of computer screen images with precise block classification, Image Processing IET, pp 306-314, (2011) Wang Jing, Guan Xuetao and Zhang Yang, An Adaptive Encoding Application Sharing System Based on Remote Display Wang, Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications, pp 266-269, (2013) Kouji Nishimura, Kaori Maeda and Reiji Aibara, Real-Time Camera Control for Videoconferencing over the Internet Kouji, Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. Fifth International Conference on, p 121-124, Hiroshima (2011) Tizon N, Moreno C, Cernea M and Preda M, MPEG-4-based adaptive remote rendering for video games, Proceedings of the 16th international conference on 3D web technology, pp 45-50, USA (2011) Simoens P, Praet P, Vankeirsbilck B, DeWachter J, Deboosere L, De Turck F, Dhoedt B and Demeester P, Design and implementation of a hybrid remote display protocol to optimize multimedia experience on thin client devices, Telecommunication networks and applications conference, pp 391-396, Australasian, (2008) Information technology, Coding of Audio-visual Objects – Part 2: Visual, International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 14496-2:1999/Amd.1:2000(E), (2000) Information technology, Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 10: Advanced Video Coding, ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003, (2003) Yan Lu, Shipeng Li, and Huifeng Shen, Virtualized Screen: A Third Element for Cloud; Mobile Convergence, MultiMedia IEEE, 18(2), pp 4-11, (2011) T.F. Abdelzaher, K.G. Shin, and N. Bhatti, “Performance Guaran- tees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach, IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(1), pp 80-96, (2002) Y. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, C. Lu, L. Sha, and X. Liu, “Feedback Control with QueueingTheoretic Prediction for Relative Delay Guarantees in Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp, pp 208-217, (2003) J. Almeida, M. Dabu, A. Manikutty, and P. Cao, Providing Differentiated Levels of Service in Web Content Hosting, Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS Workshop Internet Server Performance, pp 91-102, (1998) P. Bhoj, S. Ramanathan, and S. Singhal, Web2K: Bringing QoS to Web Servers, Technical Report HPL-2000-61, HP Laboratories, (2000) 23. J.M. Blanquer, A. Batchelli, K. Schauser, and R. Wolski, Quorum: Flexible Quality of Service for Internet Services, Proc. Symp. Networked Systems Design and Implementation, (1998) 24. C. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, J.A. Sankovic, and S.H. Son, A Feedback Control Approach for Guaranteeing Relative Delays in Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp, (2001) 25. Yan Lu, Shipeng Li, and Huifeng Shen, Virtualized Screen: A Third Element for Cloud; Mobile Convergence, MultiMedia IEEE, 18(2), pp 4-11, (2011) 26. L. Sha, X. Liu, Y. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, Queueing Model Based Network Server Performance Control, Proc. IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp, pp 81-90, (2002) 27. B. Urgaonkar, P. Shenoy, Cataclysm: Handling Extreme Over- loads in Internet Applications, Proc. Int’l World Wide Web Conf, (2005) 28. M. Welsh and D. Culler, Adaptive Overload Control for Busy Internet Servers, Proc. USENIX Symp. Internet Technologies and Systems, (2003) 29. S. Blake, D. Black, M. Carlson, E. Davies, Z.Wang, and W. Weiss, An Architecture for Differentiated Services, IETF, RFC 2475, (1998) 30. D. Grossman, New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv,RFC 3260, (2002) 31. C. Dovrolis, D. Stiliadis, and P. Ramanathan, Proportional Differentiated Services: Delay Differentiation and Packet Scheduling, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, 10(1), pp 12-26, (2002) 32. M.E. Gendy, A. Bose, S.-T. Park, and K.G. Shin, Paving the First Mile for QoSDependent Applications and Appliances, Proc. Int’l Workshop Quality of Service, pp 245-254, (2004) 33. J. Kaur and H. Vin, Providing Deterministic End-to-End Fairness Guarantees in CoreStateless Networks, Proc. Int’l Workshop Quality of Service, pp 401-421, (2003) 34. W. Sun and K.G. Shin, Coordinated Aggregate Scheduling for Improving End-to-End Delay Performance, Proc. Int’l Workshop Quality of Service, (2004) 35. Tien-Dung Nguyen, Pham Phuoc Hung, Tran Hoang Dai, Nguyen Huu Quoc, CongThinh Huynh and Eui-Nam Huh, Prediction-based energy policy for mobile virtual desktop infrastructure in a cloud environment, Information Sciences, pp 132-151, (2015) 36. B. C. Russell, A. Torralba, K. P. Murphy, W. T. Freeman and LabelMe, A database and web-based tool for image annotation, International Journal of Computer Vision, pp 157-173, (2008) 37. C. Amerijckx, J. D. Legaty and M. Verleysenz, Image Compression Using SelfOrganizing Maps, Systems Analysis Modeling Simulation, 43(11), pp 1529-1543, (2003) 38. A.Namphol, S.Chin and M. Arozullah, Image compression with a hierarchical neural network, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electronic Systems, 32(1), (1996) 39. Fradkin, D. Muchnik, I.B.Streltsov and S., Image compression in real-time multiprocessor systems using divisive K-means clustering, IEMC ’03 Proceedings. Managing Technologically Driven Organizations: The Human Side of Innovation and Change, (2003) 40. Somasundaram, K. and Mary Shanthi Rani, M., Novel K-means Algorithm for Compressing Images, International Journal of Computer Applications, 18(8), pp 9-13, (2011) 41. Somasundaram, K and Rani, M Mary Shanthi, Eigen Value based K-means Clustering for Image Compression, International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS), 3(7), pp 21-24, USA (2011) 42. Nazeer and Kaa, Improving the Accuracy and Efficiency of the k-means Clustering Algorithm, Proceedings of the World Congress on, pp 1-5, (2009) 43. Zhang. Zhe, Zhang. Junxi .Xue and Huifeng, Improved K-Means Clustering Algorithm, 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, pp 169-172, (2008) 44. Jiawei Han M. K, Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc, (2006) 45. Margaret H. Dunham, Data Mining- Introductory and Advanced Concepts, Pearson Education, (2008) 46. McQueen J, Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations, Proc. 5th Berkeley Symp. Math. Statist. Prob, pp 281-297, (2008) 47. M. Emre Celebi, Fast Color Quantization Using Weighted Sort-Means Clustering, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 26(11), pp 2434-2443, (2009) 48. MacQueen J, Some methods for classification and analysis of multi-variate observations, Proceedings of the 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematics Statistic Problem, pp 281- 297, (1967) 49. Wikipedia, Euclidean distance, https:/en.wikipedia.orgwikiEuclidean distance 50. D. Aloise, A. Deshpande, P. Hansen and P. Popat, NP-Hardness of Euclidean Sum-ofSquares Clustering, Machine Learning, 75(2), pp 245-248, (2009) 51. M.Mahajan, P. Nimbhorkar and K. Varadarajan, The Planar k-Means Problem is NPhard, Theoretical Computer Science, (2010) 52. S. Lloyd, Least Squares Quantization in PCM, IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 28(2), pp 129-136, (2010) 53. E. Forgy, Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Data: Efficiency vs. Interpretability of Classificatio, Biometrics 21, (1965) 54. Victoria J. Hodge and Jim Austin, A Survey of Outlier Detection Methodologies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, CiteSeerX, (2004) 55. OpenStack, OpenStack Cloud Software, http://www.openstack.org/, (2014) This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Huu-Quoc Nguyen, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and quoc@khu.ac.kr; (2) Tien-Dung Nguyen, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and ntiendung@khu.ac.kr; (3) Van-Nam Pham, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and nampv@khu.ac.kr; (4) Xuan-Qui Pham, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and pxuanqui@khu.ac.kr; (5) Quang-Thai Ngo, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and nqthai@khu.ac.kr; (6) Eui-Nam Huh, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and johnhuh@khu.ac.kr. Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2 Related Work 3 Image Compression Module 3 Image Compression Module 4 System Architecture 4 System Architecture 5 Experimental Results 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusions 6 Conclusions A Compression Results A Compression Results References References 6 Conclusions This paper presented a new architecture with flexible QoS control for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure. The proposed architecture includes a novel compression method for 2D images, based on k-means clustering. This method is applied to significantly reduce the size of video data transmitted while ensuring the highest quality possible. Additionally, to improve users’ quality of experience (QoE) by considering network conditions, we included a model to estimate the most suitable decision for streaming policies, based on the analysis of historical data using linear regression modeling. Through simulations with a real-world dataset, we show the experimental as well as the performance of QoS system that our approach outperforms previously reported methods. The present work is expected to open an important avenue for future related research. A Compression Results References Nguyen Thuy An, Cong-Thinh Huynh, ByungKwan Lee, Choong Seon Hong and EuiNam Huh, An efficient block classification for media healthcare service in mobile cloud computing, Multimedia Tools Application, 74(14), pp 5209-5223 (2015) Bayliss, E., Steiner, J.F., Fernald, D.H., Crane, L.A. and Main, D.S, Descriptions of barriers to self-care by persons with comorbid chronic diseases, Annals of Family Medicine, 1(1), pp 15-21 (2003) P. Ross, Cloud computing’s killer app: Gaming, IEEE Spectrum, 46(3), (2003) Yu-Chun Chang, Po-Han Tseng, Kuan-Ta Chen and Chin-Laung Lei, Understanding The Performance of Thin-Client Gaming, IEEE Communications Quality and Reliability (CQR), pp 1-6, Naples (2011) Richardson T, Stafford-Fraser Q, Wood KR and Hopper A, Virtual network computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 2(1), pp 33-38, (2002) Manpreet Kaur, Usvir Kaur, Comparison Between K-Mean and Hierarchical Algorithm Using Query Redirection, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 7, (2013) Sheng Feng Li, Quentin Stafford, Fraser and Andy Hopper, Integrating Synchronous and Asynchronous Collaboration with Virtual Network Computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 4(3), pp 26-33, (2002) Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), https://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Wikipedia, Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Shen H, Lu Y, Wu F and Li S, A high-performance remote computing platform, Pervasive computing and communications, pp 1-6, Naples (2009) Juliet SE and Florinabel DJ, Efficient block prediction-based coding of computer screen images with precise block classification, Image Processing IET, pp 306-314, (2011) Wang Jing, Guan Xuetao and Zhang Yang, An Adaptive Encoding Application Sharing System Based on Remote Display Wang, Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications, pp 266-269, (2013) Kouji Nishimura, Kaori Maeda and Reiji Aibara, Real-Time Camera Control for Videoconferencing over the Internet Kouji, Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. Fifth International Conference on, p 121-124, Hiroshima (2011) Tizon N, Moreno C, Cernea M and Preda M, MPEG-4-based adaptive remote rendering for video games, Proceedings of the 16th international conference on 3D web technology, pp 45-50, USA (2011) Simoens P, Praet P, Vankeirsbilck B, DeWachter J, Deboosere L, De Turck F, Dhoedt B and Demeester P, Design and implementation of a hybrid remote display protocol to optimize multimedia experience on thin client devices, Telecommunication networks and applications conference, pp 391-396, Australasian, (2008) Information technology, Coding of Audio-visual Objects – Part 2: Visual, International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 14496-2:1999/Amd.1:2000(E), (2000) Information technology, Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 10: Advanced Video Coding, ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003, (2003) Yan Lu, Shipeng Li, and Huifeng Shen, Virtualized Screen: A Third Element for Cloud; Mobile Convergence, MultiMedia IEEE, 18(2), pp 4-11, (2011) T.F. Abdelzaher, K.G. Shin, and N. Bhatti, “Performance Guaran- tees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach, IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(1), pp 80-96, (2002) Y. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, C. Lu, L. Sha, and X. Liu, “Feedback Control with QueueingTheoretic Prediction for Relative Delay Guarantees in Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp, pp 208-217, (2003) J. Almeida, M. Dabu, A. Manikutty, and P. Cao, Providing Differentiated Levels of Service in Web Content Hosting, Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS Workshop Internet Server Performance, pp 91-102, (1998) P. Bhoj, S. Ramanathan, and S. Singhal, Web2K: Bringing QoS to Web Servers, Technical Report HPL-2000-61, HP Laboratories, (2000) Nguyen Thuy An, Cong-Thinh Huynh, ByungKwan Lee, Choong Seon Hong and EuiNam Huh, An efficient block classification for media healthcare service in mobile cloud computing, Multimedia Tools Application, 74(14), pp 5209-5223 (2015) Nguyen Thuy An, Cong-Thinh Huynh, ByungKwan Lee, Choong Seon Hong and EuiNam Huh, An efficient block classification for media healthcare service in mobile cloud computing, Multimedia Tools Application, 74(14), pp 5209-5223 (2015) Bayliss, E., Steiner, J.F., Fernald, D.H., Crane, L.A. and Main, D.S, Descriptions of barriers to self-care by persons with comorbid chronic diseases, Annals of Family Medicine, 1(1), pp 15-21 (2003) Bayliss, E., Steiner, J.F., Fernald, D.H., Crane, L.A. and Main, D.S, Descriptions of barriers to self-care by persons with comorbid chronic diseases, Annals of Family Medicine, 1(1), pp 15-21 (2003) P. Ross, Cloud computing’s killer app: Gaming, IEEE Spectrum, 46(3), (2003) P. Ross, Cloud computing’s killer app: Gaming, IEEE Spectrum, 46(3), (2003) Yu-Chun Chang, Po-Han Tseng, Kuan-Ta Chen and Chin-Laung Lei, Understanding The Performance of Thin-Client Gaming, IEEE Communications Quality and Reliability (CQR), pp 1-6, Naples (2011) Yu-Chun Chang, Po-Han Tseng, Kuan-Ta Chen and Chin-Laung Lei, Understanding The Performance of Thin-Client Gaming, IEEE Communications Quality and Reliability (CQR), pp 1-6, Naples (2011) Richardson T, Stafford-Fraser Q, Wood KR and Hopper A, Virtual network computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 2(1), pp 33-38, (2002) Richardson T, Stafford-Fraser Q, Wood KR and Hopper A, Virtual network computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 2(1), pp 33-38, (2002) Manpreet Kaur, Usvir Kaur, Comparison Between K-Mean and Hierarchical Algorithm Using Query Redirection, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 7, (2013) Manpreet Kaur, Usvir Kaur, Comparison Between K-Mean and Hierarchical Algorithm Using Query Redirection, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 7, (2013) Sheng Feng Li, Quentin Stafford, Fraser and Andy Hopper, Integrating Synchronous and Asynchronous Collaboration with Virtual Network Computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 4(3), pp 26-33, (2002) Sheng Feng Li, Quentin Stafford, Fraser and Andy Hopper, Integrating Synchronous and Asynchronous Collaboration with Virtual Network Computing, Internet Computing IEEE, 4(3), pp 26-33, (2002) Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), https://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), https://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx https://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Wikipedia, Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Wikipedia, Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa383015(v=vs.85).aspx Shen H, Lu Y, Wu F and Li S, A high-performance remote computing platform, Pervasive computing and communications, pp 1-6, Naples (2009) Shen H, Lu Y, Wu F and Li S, A high-performance remote computing platform, Pervasive computing and communications, pp 1-6, Naples (2009) Juliet SE and Florinabel DJ, Efficient block prediction-based coding of computer screen images with precise block classification, Image Processing IET, pp 306-314, (2011) Juliet SE and Florinabel DJ, Efficient block prediction-based coding of computer screen images with precise block classification, Image Processing IET, pp 306-314, (2011) Wang Jing, Guan Xuetao and Zhang Yang, An Adaptive Encoding Application Sharing System Based on Remote Display Wang, Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications, pp 266-269, (2013) Wang Jing, Guan Xuetao and Zhang Yang, An Adaptive Encoding Application Sharing System Based on Remote Display Wang, Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications, pp 266-269, (2013) Kouji Nishimura, Kaori Maeda and Reiji Aibara, Real-Time Camera Control for Videoconferencing over the Internet Kouji, Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. Fifth International Conference on, p 121-124, Hiroshima (2011) Kouji Nishimura, Kaori Maeda and Reiji Aibara, Real-Time Camera Control for Videoconferencing over the Internet Kouji, Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. Fifth International Conference on, p 121-124, Hiroshima (2011) Tizon N, Moreno C, Cernea M and Preda M, MPEG-4-based adaptive remote rendering for video games, Proceedings of the 16th international conference on 3D web technology, pp 45-50, USA (2011) Tizon N, Moreno C, Cernea M and Preda M, MPEG-4-based adaptive remote rendering for video games, Proceedings of the 16th international conference on 3D web technology, pp 45-50, USA (2011) Simoens P, Praet P, Vankeirsbilck B, DeWachter J, Deboosere L, De Turck F, Dhoedt B and Demeester P, Design and implementation of a hybrid remote display protocol to optimize multimedia experience on thin client devices, Telecommunication networks and applications conference, pp 391-396, Australasian, (2008) Simoens P, Praet P, Vankeirsbilck B, DeWachter J, Deboosere L, De Turck F, Dhoedt B and Demeester P, Design and implementation of a hybrid remote display protocol to optimize multimedia experience on thin client devices, Telecommunication networks and applications conference, pp 391-396, Australasian, (2008) Information technology, Coding of Audio-visual Objects – Part 2: Visual, International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 14496-2:1999/Amd.1:2000(E), (2000) Information technology, Coding of Audio-visual Objects – Part 2: Visual, International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 14496-2:1999/Amd.1:2000(E), (2000) Information technology, Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 10: Advanced Video Coding, ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003, (2003) Information technology, Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 10: Advanced Video Coding, ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003, (2003) Yan Lu, Shipeng Li, and Huifeng Shen, Virtualized Screen: A Third Element for Cloud; Mobile Convergence, MultiMedia IEEE, 18(2), pp 4-11, (2011) Yan Lu, Shipeng Li, and Huifeng Shen, Virtualized Screen: A Third Element for Cloud; Mobile Convergence, MultiMedia IEEE, 18(2), pp 4-11, (2011) T.F. Abdelzaher, K.G. Shin, and N. Bhatti, “Performance Guaran- tees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach, IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(1), pp 80-96, (2002) T.F. Abdelzaher, K.G. Shin, and N. Bhatti, “Performance Guaran- tees for Web Server End-Systems: A Control-Theoretical Approach, IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(1), pp 80-96, (2002) Y. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, C. Lu, L. Sha, and X. Liu, “Feedback Control with QueueingTheoretic Prediction for Relative Delay Guarantees in Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp, pp 208-217, (2003) Y. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, C. Lu, L. Sha, and X. Liu, “Feedback Control with QueueingTheoretic Prediction for Relative Delay Guarantees in Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp, pp 208-217, (2003) J. Almeida, M. Dabu, A. Manikutty, and P. Cao, Providing Differentiated Levels of Service in Web Content Hosting, Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS Workshop Internet Server Performance, pp 91-102, (1998) J. Almeida, M. Dabu, A. Manikutty, and P. Cao, Providing Differentiated Levels of Service in Web Content Hosting, Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS Workshop Internet Server Performance, pp 91-102, (1998) P. Bhoj, S. Ramanathan, and S. Singhal, Web2K: Bringing QoS to Web Servers, Technical Report HPL-2000-61, HP Laboratories, (2000) P. Bhoj, S. Ramanathan, and S. Singhal, Web2K: Bringing QoS to Web Servers, Technical Report HPL-2000-61, HP Laboratories, (2000) 23. J.M. Blanquer, A. Batchelli, K. Schauser, and R. Wolski, Quorum: Flexible Quality of Service for Internet Services, Proc. Symp. Networked Systems Design and Implementation, (1998) 24. C. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, J.A. Sankovic, and S.H. Son, A Feedback Control Approach for Guaranteeing Relative Delays in Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symp, (2001) 25. Yan Lu, Shipeng Li, and Huifeng Shen, Virtualized Screen: A Third Element for Cloud; Mobile Convergence, MultiMedia IEEE, 18(2), pp 4-11, (2011) 26. L. Sha, X. Liu, Y. Lu, T.F. Abdelzaher, Queueing Model Based Network Server Performance Control, Proc. IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp, pp 81-90, (2002) 27. B. Urgaonkar, P. Shenoy, Cataclysm: Handling Extreme Over- loads in Internet Applications, Proc. Int’l World Wide Web Conf, (2005) 28. M. Welsh and D. Culler, Adaptive Overload Control for Busy Internet Servers, Proc. USENIX Symp. Internet Technologies and Systems, (2003) 29. S. Blake, D. Black, M. Carlson, E. Davies, Z.Wang, and W. Weiss, An Architecture for Differentiated Services, IETF, RFC 2475, (1998) 30. D. Grossman, New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv,RFC 3260, (2002) 31. C. Dovrolis, D. Stiliadis, and P. Ramanathan, Proportional Differentiated Services: Delay Differentiation and Packet Scheduling, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, 10(1), pp 12-26, (2002) 32. M.E. Gendy, A. Bose, S.-T. Park, and K.G. Shin, Paving the First Mile for QoSDependent Applications and Appliances, Proc. Int’l Workshop Quality of Service, pp 245-254, (2004) 33. J. Kaur and H. Vin, Providing Deterministic End-to-End Fairness Guarantees in CoreStateless Networks, Proc. Int’l Workshop Quality of Service, pp 401-421, (2003) 34. W. Sun and K.G. Shin, Coordinated Aggregate Scheduling for Improving End-to-End Delay Performance, Proc. Int’l Workshop Quality of Service, (2004) 35. Tien-Dung Nguyen, Pham Phuoc Hung, Tran Hoang Dai, Nguyen Huu Quoc, CongThinh Huynh and Eui-Nam Huh, Prediction-based energy policy for mobile virtual desktop infrastructure in a cloud environment, Information Sciences, pp 132-151, (2015) 36. B. C. Russell, A. Torralba, K. P. Murphy, W. T. Freeman and LabelMe, A database and web-based tool for image annotation, International Journal of Computer Vision, pp 157-173, (2008) 37. C. Amerijckx, J. D. Legaty and M. Verleysenz, Image Compression Using SelfOrganizing Maps, Systems Analysis Modeling Simulation, 43(11), pp 1529-1543, (2003) 38. A.Namphol, S.Chin and M. Arozullah, Image compression with a hierarchical neural network, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electronic Systems, 32(1), (1996) 39. Fradkin, D. Muchnik, I.B.Streltsov and S., Image compression in real-time multiprocessor systems using divisive K-means clustering, IEMC ’03 Proceedings. Managing Technologically Driven Organizations: The Human Side of Innovation and Change, (2003) 40. Somasundaram, K. and Mary Shanthi Rani, M., Novel K-means Algorithm for Compressing Images, International Journal of Computer Applications, 18(8), pp 9-13, (2011) 41. Somasundaram, K and Rani, M Mary Shanthi, Eigen Value based K-means Clustering for Image Compression, International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS), 3(7), pp 21-24, USA (2011) 42. Nazeer and Kaa, Improving the Accuracy and Efficiency of the k-means Clustering Algorithm, Proceedings of the World Congress on, pp 1-5, (2009) 43. Zhang. Zhe, Zhang. Junxi .Xue and Huifeng, Improved K-Means Clustering Algorithm, 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, pp 169-172, (2008) 44. Jiawei Han M. K, Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc, (2006) 45. Margaret H. Dunham, Data Mining- Introductory and Advanced Concepts, Pearson Education, (2008) 46. McQueen J, Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations, Proc. 5th Berkeley Symp. Math. Statist. Prob, pp 281-297, (2008) 47. M. Emre Celebi, Fast Color Quantization Using Weighted Sort-Means Clustering, Journal of the Optical Society of America, 26(11), pp 2434-2443, (2009) 48. MacQueen J, Some methods for classification and analysis of multi-variate observations, Proceedings of the 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematics Statistic Problem, pp 281- 297, (1967) 49. Wikipedia, Euclidean distance, https:/en.wikipedia.orgwikiEuclidean distance 50. D. Aloise, A. Deshpande, P. Hansen and P. Popat, NP-Hardness of Euclidean Sum-ofSquares Clustering, Machine Learning, 75(2), pp 245-248, (2009) 51. M.Mahajan, P. Nimbhorkar and K. Varadarajan, The Planar k-Means Problem is NPhard, Theoretical Computer Science, (2010) 52. S. Lloyd, Least Squares Quantization in PCM, IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 28(2), pp 129-136, (2010) 53. E. Forgy, Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Data: Efficiency vs. Interpretability of Classificatio, Biometrics 21, (1965) 54. Victoria J. Hodge and Jim Austin, A Survey of Outlier Detection Methodologies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, CiteSeerX, (2004) 55. OpenStack, OpenStack Cloud Software, http://www.openstack.org/, (2014) This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv Authors: (1) Huu-Quoc Nguyen, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and quoc@khu.ac.kr; (2) Tien-Dung Nguyen, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and ntiendung@khu.ac.kr; (3) Van-Nam Pham, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and nampv@khu.ac.kr; (4) Xuan-Qui Pham, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and pxuanqui@khu.ac.kr; (5) Quang-Thai Ngo, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and nqthai@khu.ac.kr; (6) Eui-Nam Huh, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and johnhuh@khu.ac.kr. Authors: Authors: (1) Huu-Quoc Nguyen, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and quoc@khu.ac.kr; (2) Tien-Dung Nguyen, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and ntiendung@khu.ac.kr; (3) Van-Nam Pham, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and nampv@khu.ac.kr; (4) Xuan-Qui Pham, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and pxuanqui@khu.ac.kr; (5) Quang-Thai Ngo, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and nqthai@khu.ac.kr; (6) Eui-Nam Huh, Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea and johnhuh@khu.ac.kr.