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Textbooks Are All You Need: Examples for Section 5
by Knapsack TechnologySeptember 12th, 2024
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In this study, researchers from Microsoft introduce phi-1, a new large language model for code, with significantly smaller size than competing models.
Authors:
(1) Suriya Gunasekar, Microsoft Research;
(2) Yi Zhang, Microsoft Research;
(3) Jyoti Aneja, Microsoft Research;
(4) Caio C´esar Teodoro Mendes, Microsoft Research;
(5) Allie Del Giorno, Microsoft Research;
(6) Sivakanth Gopi, Microsoft Research;
(7) Mojan Javaheripi, Microsoft Research;
(8) Piero Kauffmann, Microsoft Research;
(9) Gustavo de Rosa, Microsoft Research;
(10) Olli Saarikivi, Microsoft Research;
(11) Adil Salim, Microsoft Research;
(12) Shital Shah, Microsoft Research;
(13) Harkirat Singh Behl, Microsoft Research;
(14) Xin Wang, Microsoft Research;
(15) S´ebastien Bubeck, Microsoft Research;
(16) Ronen Eldan, Microsoft Research;
(17) Adam Tauman Kalai, Microsoft Research;
(18) Yin Tat Lee, Microsoft Research;
(19) Yuanzhi Li, Microsoft Research.
Table of Links
- Abstract and 1. Introduction
- 2 Training details and the importance of high-quality data
- 2.1 Filtering of existing code datasets using a transformer-based classifier
- 2.2 Creation of synthetic textbook-quality datasets
- 2.3 Model architecture and training
- 3 Spikes of model capability after finetuning on CodeExercises, 3.1 Finetuning improves the model’s understanding, and 3.2 Finetuning improves the model’s ability to use external libraries
- 4 Evaluation on unconventional problems with LLM grading
- 5 Data pruning for unbiased performance evaluation
- 5.1 N-gram overlap and 5.2 Embedding and syntax-based similarity analysis
- 6 Conclusion and References
- A Additional examples for Section 3
- B Limitation of phi-1
- C Examples for Section 5
C Examples for Section 5
In this section, we provide example pairs of codes captured with different AST match rates. Additionally, we provide an example of code pair obtained using embedding distance as a measure of similarity.
AST match rate = 1.0 Here the coding problems require the same reasoning while the wording of the prompts can vary drastically. Particularly, the prompt uses a real-world event, i.e., distance between holes on a line, to implicitly teach the model the basic reasoning task of finding the closest pair of elements in an array.
AST match rate = 0.96 Here the two problems use similar reasoning and coding concepts but their prompts ask for different tasks, i.e., returning a pair of numbers versus computing their average.
AST match rate ≤ 0.9 When the AST match rate ≤ 0.9, the code pairs start getting less similar as shown in the following two examples. Here, the AST match rate is 0.9 and 0.83, respectively.
Embedding Distance = 0.16 Here the two problems have similar Python Docstrings, function names, as well as the code structure which can be extracted with using the L2 distance between the normalized CodeGen-Mono 350M embedding for each of them.
This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.
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