Business English: A Practice Book by Rose Buhlig is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . WORD ANALYSIS here WORD ANALYSIS To learn English words thoroughly we must spend some thought on the way in which they are made up, on the language from which they have been derived, and on the changes in meaning made by adding prefixes and suffixes. Three important influences in building the English have been the Anglo-Saxon, the Greek, and the Latin languages. The simplest words in the language are Anglo-Saxon. The following exercises illustrate how words have been multiplied by Anglo-Saxon prefixes and suffixes. Name as many words as you can that make use of each of the following prefixes. Give only such as are recognizable English words without the prefix. Exercise 46 —aboard a —misjudge mis —becalm be —unknown un —foretell fore —uproot up Give the meaning of each of the prefixes used above. What part of speech does each prefix make? Exercise 47 Using the following Teutonic suffixes, form English words. Be careful that the root taken alone is an English word. —kingdom dom —goodness ness —manhood hood —friendship ship What does each suffix mean? What part of speech does it make? Exercise 48 As above, form words using the following suffixes: —darken en —fearful ful —golden en —smoothly ly —sweetish ish —childlike like —fearless less —lonesome some Define each suffix. What part of speech does it make? Exercise 49—Greek Roots Below is given a list of common Greek roots with the English meaning of each. Form words using one or more of the roots for each word, and define the words you make. For instance, give the meaning of , , and . telephone telegraph monarch Greek English Greek English —hear phon —time chron —far tele —circle cycl —write graph —earth geo —see scop —government polit —small micro —rule cra —one mono —people demo —chief arch —water hydro —measure metr —many poly —pressure, weight baro —riches pluto How many names of modern inventions have you made? Exercise 50 What words belonging to your vocabulary end in the following suffixes? Choose only such as have an English word for the root. Adjective Suffixes able, ible—able to be, fit to be
Readable, fit to be read. al, eal, ial—relating to, having to do with ant, ent—being, inclined to ate—having the quality of, inclined to ic—like, relating to ive—relating to, of the nature of, belonging to ory, ary—relating to ous—full of, abounding in Verb Suffixes ate—to make fy, ify—to make ise, ize—to make Noun Suffixes age—condition, act, collection of ance, ancy, ence, ency—state of being ary, ory—one who, place where, that which ant, ent—one who ist, ite—one who ion, sion, tion—act of, state of being ity, ty—quality of being ment—that which, act or state of being or, er, ar—one who try—state of tude, itude—condition of being ure—condition of being, that which The following is a list of the more commonly used Latin prefixes: Exercise 51 a, ab—away from 1. , —away from a ab 2. —toward ad 3. —before ante 4. —against anti 5. —two, twice bi 6. —around circum 7. —together with, against con 8. —against contra 9. —from, apart from, down from de 10. —apart, not dis 11. —through dia 12. —out of ex 13. , —into in en —to cause to be en 14. , —not in un 15. —between inter 16. —toward the inside intro 17. —one mono 18. —not non 19. —in the way of, against ob 20. —through per 21. —before pre 22. —after post 23. —before pro 24. —again, back re 25. —half, partly semi 26. —away from se 27. —under, below sub 28. —above, more than super 29. —across trans 30. —one uni Exercise 52 Analyze the following words, telling prefix, root, suffix, part of speech, and meaning: business package truthfulness unsuccessful useless anteroom workmanlike agreement prefix monotone nervousness uniformity beautify breakage disrespectful misguidance semicircle pleasant perfection crystallize kingship sameness progressive precaution incase subway undeniable imaginary enrich disown displeasure supernatural pianist readmit endurance melodious bicycle adjuster reaction interlineal Exercise 53 When the prefixes , , and are used to form English words, the final consonant of each is often changed to the initial consonant of the root to which it is joined. ad con in assumes the forms , , , , , , , , , , assimilating the with the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed; as, Ad ab ac af ag al an ap ar as at d ab-breviate al-literation ar-rest ac-cept al-lot as-sign ac-cumulate an-nex as-sist af-fect an-nounce at-tract af-flict ap-position at-tribute ag-gregate ap-prove at-tune assumes the forms , , , by assimilation; it takes the form before and it drops the before a vowel; as, Con col cor com com p; n col-lateral com-mercial com-pose col-lect cor-relate co-operate com-mission cor-respond co-ordinate assumes the forms , , , by assimilation and takes the form of before . In il im ir im p il-lusion im-migrate ir-ruption im-port Exercise 54—Peculiar Adjective Endings The suffixes and are sometimes troublesome because it is difficult to know which ending to write. As a rule, if the new word was made from another English word, the ending is , as . The words ending in are derived from the Latin, and, as a rule, the ending cannot easily be separated from the root and still leave the latter an English word. Examples are: able ible able blamable ible divisible intelligible digestible audible visible permissible flexible incredible possible terrible horrible indelible The suffixes and must also be carefully noted. No rule can be given for using one rather than the other. Whenever in doubt, consult a dictionary. Note the following: ant ent ant ent important independent pleasant convalescent triumphant competent luxuriant convenient stagnant confident The endings and , where and are often confused, are illustrated in the following: eous ious e i eous ious hideous delirious miscellaneous impious courteous studious The endings and are shown in the following: cious tious cious tious conscious fictitious precious superstitious delicious cautious gracious ambitious suspicious nutritious The endings and are illustrated in the following: gious geous gious geous religious courageous Exercise 55—Peculiar Noun and Verb Endings Nouns in and ance ence: ance ence acceptance intelligence appearance reference annoyance patience acquaintance negligence remittance diligence ignorance residence Nouns in , , and sion cion tion: sion cion tion exclusion coercion acquisition aversion suspicion precaution Verbs in , , and ise yze ize: ise yze ize advise analyze baptize supervise paralyze recognize Verbs in , , and ceed sede cede: ceed sede cede exceed supersede concede proceed intercede succeed precede Exercise 56 What other words can you form from the following? Explain what prefixes or suffixes you use in each case and what part of speech you form. success consider real change please doubt publish attend occur apply regular satisfy emphasize industry operate assess second busy practice resist expense distribute organ define depend locate work sense attract install desire preside effect vital count sign Exercise 57 There are many words the meanings of which are easily confused. The spelling and the definitions of such must be mastered. Analysis in this exercise and in the one following does not require separation into prefix, root, and suffix, but it necessitates a careful study of the words, first, to note the difference in spelling; second, to consult a dictionary, if necessary, for the difference in meaning. Define each word clearly. Use each in a sentence to illustrate its meaning. accept—except common—mutual add—annex complementary—complimentary advice—advise continual—continuous affect—effect contraction—abbreviation after—afterward contradiction—denial ascend—assent currant—current assure—promise defective—deficient attain—obtain deprecate—depreciate benefit—advantage effective—efficient brief—concise eligible—illegible center—middle eminent—prominent claim—maintain expect—hope combine—combination intelligent—intelligible Exercise 58 As above, define each word carefully and use it in a sentence to illustrate its meaning. healthful—healthy proficient—efficient inventory—invoice proscribe—prescribe invite—invitation purpose—propose last—latest quiet—quite later—latter recommend—recommendation liable—likely—apt refer—allude loose—lose repair—fix need—want requirement—requisite—requisition perspective—prospective respectfully—respectively positive—definite scarcely—hardly practicable—practical stationary—stationery precede—proceed therefore—accordingly principal—principle 500 SPELLING WORDS\Lesson 1 business losing surprising height receive loosely Saturday depth believe across Wednesday eighth wholly whether excellent daily obliged describe exercise earnest Lesson 2 attached decision probable seize attacked buying usable siege gentlemen studying salable friend although relying desirable Messrs. thoroughly occasion honorable nickel Lesson 3 disappoint knew acquittal stopped disappear design occurrence referred disapprove forty compelling planned disagree fourth beginning swimming anxious purpose permitted submitted Lesson 4 all right persuade Norwegian variety already pursued possession prairie tongue prepared accumulate neighbor separate repaired dissatisfy soldier crystal necessary dissolve shoulder Lesson 5 their awkward opportunity scheme advise mucilage development schedule advice familiar statistics accurately laboratory peculiar accidental efficient until similar competent Spaniard Lesson 6 policy patient merchandise conscious rough ancient mercantile precious disease partial scarcity suspicion balance facial indebted physician decease ambitious estimate caution Lesson 7 ascend noticeable vengeance emergency assent serviceable address compliance minute manageable salary reference conceal exchangeable currency apparel immense advantageous withhold typical Lesson 8 edition especially appreciate imitate addition pamphlet essential initial identify illustrate eligible official illegal February legible curtain nuisance punctual illegible adjacent Lesson 9 later crystallize lieutenant lenient latter neutralize anthracite naphtha weighed conceit bituminous liquid destroy catarrh rheumatism gauge indelible colonel influential sieve Lesson 10 duly interfered analyze attorneys durable transferred analysis specialty mutual reconcile paralyze sympathy bargain accidental banana campaign misspell irregular molasses mattress Lesson 11 ached designate vicinity recognize social available guardian technical forfeit adequately celebrate hygiene opposite subordinate porcelain angel parallel sufficient poultice angle Lesson 12 society associate rumored remittance sirloin definitely courtesy remuneration laborer spherical obstinacy restaurant visitor commercial financial government souvenir permissible sapphire acquaintance Lesson 13 quite appropriate convenient knowledge least distinguish exaggerate principal, a written mysterious confidential stationary, a among appearance endeavoring judgment psalm conference immediately implement Lesson 14 assure greatly embarrassment auxiliary expect grateful organization conciliate prompt deserve advertisement principle, n eliminate bureau assessment stationery, n illuminate deficient accommodate parenthesis Lesson 15 coupon indispensable measure proprietor length innumerable condemn transient vehicle investigate security persistent customer incandescent liniment signature costumer effervescent mosquito mischievous Lesson 16 canal company's repetition sulphur channel real estate abbreviated benefited liquid equivalent unabridged unanimous recent assignment assurance itemize trough extravagant pneumatic calcimine Lesson 17 precede freight authority leisure proceed achieve mortgage neuralgia procession between specimen dyspepsia precision imagine solicitor substantial extinguish autumn coöperates passenger Lesson 18 merely mechanical preliminary omitted cashier permanent miscellaneous omission urgent prominent subscription committee hesitate precaution incredible commission anchored interval anticipation precisely Lesson 19 specify preparation athletics deceit equity coincidence excursion receipt accrue irresolute suggestion obstacle concrete vaccination courageous promissory summary glycerine concession compulsory Lesson 20 deficit sceptical anniversary rhythm mansion conscience presumption rhubarb mention interruption guaranteed fatigue reckoned approximately prejudice synopsis license avoirdupois privilege emphatic Lesson 21 scholar Elkhart industrious collision scissors Memphis hideous delusion career Niagara artificial oxygen sincere Raleigh cantaloupe martyr chiffonier Oregon unscrupulous apology Lesson 22 receipt Cincinnati sovereign chemical welfare Des Moines committee frontier feigned Decatur ingredients fulfilled chord Dubuque counterfeit facsimile scythe Alleghany responsible identical Lesson 23 exceed Paducah foreign Cheyenne succeed Eau Claire solemnity metallic secede Peoria assassinate nauseated immigrant Savannah pneumonia invariably emigrant Manila diphtheria injurious Lesson 24 adoption Minneapolis fraudulent mahogany scientific Indianapolis negligence corduroy guidance Syracuse diligence Schenectady syllable Milwaukee ridiculous duplicate Fort Wayne Valparaiso comparative reënforce Lesson 25 Duluth Massachusetts preferable periodical Missouri Connecticut preferred insertion Wisconsin enthusiastic publicity excursion luxurious acknowledgment prevailing plateau twelfth professional damageable tragedy About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Rose Buhlig (2011). Business English: A Practice Book. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38046/pg38046-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

THE SENTENCE AND ITS ELEMENTS

SPELLING RULES

Did you enjoy this story? Share your thoughts about this book or others like it here.

Too Long; Didn't Read

Boost your HackerNoon story @ $159.99! 🚀

WORD ANALYSIS

About Author

Comments

TOPICS

THIS ARTICLE WAS FEATURED IN

Related Stories

Untitled Story

Advertising is one of the most vital forces in the problem of distribution

10 Websites That You Should Know About

1000 Stories To Learn About Hackernoon Books

10 Cybersecurity Books Every Business Owner Should Read

10 books I wish I read before starting up

Advertising is one of the most vital forces in the problem of distribution

10 Websites That You Should Know About

1000 Stories To Learn About Hackernoon Books

10 Cybersecurity Books Every Business Owner Should Read

10 books I wish I read before starting up

Light-Mode

Classic

Newspaper

Dark-Mode

Neon Noir

Minty

HN StartUps