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Future Directions and References

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Abstract and 1 Introduction

  1. Literature Review
  2. Model
  3. Experiments
  4. Deployment Journey
  5. Future Directions and References

6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Buy It Again recommendations help users to quickly complete their shopping missions. Traditional approaches tend to model guest personalized behavior at item granularity. In this paper, we present the case for a coarse grained model which can capture the customer behavior at item category level.


The proposed Personalized Category (PC) model combined with Items-within-Category (IC) model outperform existing BIA and NBR models on standard public datasets. The PCIC model also scales well for large retailers with millions sized product catalogs and millions of active guests. The A/B tests on the site show a significant improvement in guest shopping experience and guest spends by using the model.


In the future, we would recommend that retailers explore models that combine the insights from Personalized Category features with Personalized Item features. Moreover, we would recommend considering mutual excitation among items and categories as simultaneous consumption has some inherent relationship with repeat consumption.

REFERENCES

[1] 1959. The Pattern of Consumer Purchases. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics) 8, 1 (1959), 26–41. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2985810


[2] Rahul Bhagat, Srevatsan Muralidharan, Alex Lobzhanidze, and Shankar Vishwanath. 2018. Buy it again: Modeling repeat purchase recommendations. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. 62–70.


[3] Chris Chatfield and Gerald Goodhardt. 1973. A Consumer Purchasing Model with Erlang Inter-Purchase Times. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 68 (1973), 828–835.


[4] Sai Chand Chintala, Jura Liaukonyte, and Nathan Yang. 2022. Browsing the Aisles or Browsing the App? How Online Grocery Shopping Is Changing What We Buy. How Online Grocery Shopping is Changing What We Buy (August 8, 2022) (2022).


[5] D. R. Cox. 1972. Regression Models and Life Tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 34 (1972), 187–220.


[6] Suvodip Dey, Pabitra Mitra, and Kratika Gupta. 2016. Recommending Repeat Purchases Using Product Segment Statistics. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) (RecSys ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 357–360. https: //doi.org/10.1145/2959100.2959145


[7] P S Fader, B G Hardie, and K Lee. 2009. Probability Models for Customer-Base Analysis. Journal of Interactive Marketing 23 (2009).


[8] Sofia Gomes and João M Lopes. 2022. Evolution of the online grocery shopping experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empiric study from Portugal. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, 3 (2022), 909–923.


[9] Gary L. Grahn. 1969. NBD Model of Repeat-Purchase Loyalty: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Marketing Research 6 (1969), 72 – 78.


[10] Ruining He, Wang-Cheng Kang, Julian J McAuley, et al. 2018. Translation-based Recommendation: A Scalable Method for Modeling Sequential Behavior.. In IJCAI. 5264–5268.


[11] Ruining He and Julian McAuley. 2016. Fusing similarity models with markov chains for sparse sequential recommendation. In 2016 IEEE 16th international conference on data mining (ICDM). IEEE, 191–200.


[12] Haoji Hu and Xiangnan He. 2019. Sets2sets: Learning from sequential sets with neural networks. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. 1491–1499.


[13] Haoji Hu, Xiangnan He, Jinyang Gao, and Zhi-Li Zhang. 2020. Modeling personalized item frequency information for next-basket recommendation. In Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 1071–1080.


[14] Komal Kapoor, Karthik Subbian, Jaideep Srivastava, and Paul R. Schrater. 2015. Just in Time Recommendations: Modeling the Dynamics of Boredom in Activity Streams. Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (2015).


[15] Komal Kapoor, Mingxuan Sun, Jaideep Srivastava, and Tao Ye. 2014. A hazard based approach to user return time prediction. Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (08 2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623348


[16] Joseph A Konstan, Bradley N Miller, David Maltz, Jonathan L Herlocker, Lee R Gordon, and John Riedl. 1997. Grouplens: Applying collaborative filtering to usenet news. Commun. ACM 40, 3 (1997), 77–87.


[17] Yehuda Koren. 2009. Collaborative filtering with temporal dynamics. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining. 447–456.


[18] Pengjie Ren, Zhumin Chen, Jing Li, Zhaochun Ren, Jun Ma, and Maarten De Rijke. 2019. Repeatnet: A repeat aware neural recommendation machine for sessionbased recommendation. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 33. 4806–4813.


[19] Steffen Rendle, Christoph Freudenthaler, and Lars Schmidt-Thieme. 2010. Factorizing personalized markov chains for next-basket recommendation. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web. 811–820.


[20] Haochao Ying, Fuzhen Zhuang, Fuzheng Zhang, Yanchi Liu, Guandong Xu, Xing Xie, Hui Xiong, and Jian Wu. 2018. Sequential recommender system based on hierarchical attention network. In IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.


[21] Feng Yu, Qiang Liu, Shu Wu, Liang Wang, and Tieniu Tan. 2016. A dynamic recurrent model for next basket recommendation. In Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 729–732.


Authors:

(1) Amit Pande, Data Sciences, Target Corporation, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, USA ([email protected]);

(2) Kunal Ghosh, Data Sciences, Target Corporation, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, USA ([email protected]);

(3) Rankyung Park, Data Sciences, Target Corporation, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, USA ([email protected]).


This paper is available on arxiv under ATTRIBUTION-SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL license.


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