Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction Abstract and I. Introduction II. Related Work II. Related Work III. Methodology III. Methodology IV. Results and Discussion IV. Results and Discussion V. Threats to Validity V. Threats to Validity VI. Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References VI. Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and References VI. CONCLUSION We conducted a large-scale study on crypto issues discussed on Stack Overflow to find out what crypto challenges users commonly face in various areas of cryptography. Findings suggest that developers still have a distinct lack of knowledge of fundamental concepts, such as OpenSSL, asymmetric and password hashing, and the complexity of crypto libraries weakened developer performance to correctly realize a crypto scenario. We call for dedicated studies to investigate the usability of crypto APIs. We are conducting a survey with users who actively helped the Stack Overflow community in this domain to understand the potential remedies. REFERENCES [1] S. Nadi, S. Krüger, M. Mezini, and E. Bodden, “Jumping through hoops: Why do java developers struggle with cryptography apis?” in Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering. [2] M. Hazhirpasand, M. Ghafari, and O. Nierstrasz, “Java cryptography uses in the wild,” in Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), 2020, pp. 1–6. [3] Y. Tymchuk, M. Ghafari, and O. Nierstrasz, “Jit feedback - what experienced developers like about static analysis,” in 2018 IEEE/ACM 26th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC), 2018, pp. 64–6409. [4] C. Corrodi, T. Spring, M. Ghafari, and O. Nierstrasz, “Idea: Benchmarking android data leak detection tools,” in Engineering Secure Software and Systems, M. Payer, A. Rashid, and J. M. Such, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 116–123. [5] S. Kafader and M. 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Muntean et al., “Stack overflow considered helpful! deep learning security nudges towards stronger cryptography,” in 28th {USENIX} Security Symposium, 2019. [10] F. Fischer, K. Böttinger, H. Xiao, C. Stransky, Y. Acar, M. Backes, and S. Fahl, “Stack overflow considered harmful? the impact of copy&paste on android application security,” in 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2017. [11] D. M. Blei, A. Y. Ng, and M. I. Jordan, “Latent dirichlet allocation,” the Journal of machine Learning research, vol. 3, 2003. [12] A. A. Bangash, H. Sahar, S. Chowdhury, A. W. Wong, A. Hindle, and K. Ali, “What do developers know about machine learning: a study of ml discussions on stackoverflow,” in 2019 IEEE/ACM 16th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 2019. [13] C. Rosen and E. Shihab, “What are mobile developers asking about? a large scale study using stack overflow,” Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 21, no. 3, 2016. [14] H. Osman, M. Ghafari, and O. Nierstrasz, “Hyperparameter optimization to improve bug prediction accuracy,” in 2017 IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for Software Quality Evaluation, 2017. [15] W. Zhao, J. J. Chen, R. Perkins, Z. Liu, W. Ge, Y. Ding, and W. Zou, “A heuristic approach to determine an appropriate number of topics in topic modeling,” in BMC bioinformatics, vol. 16, no. 13, 2015. [16] G. Luo, “A review of automatic selection methods for machine learning algorithms and hyper-parameter values,” Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, vol. 5, no. 1, 2016. [17] T. L. Griffiths and M. Steyvers, “Finding scientific topics,” Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences, vol. 101, no. suppl 1, 2004. [18] J. Chang, S. Gerrish, C. Wang, J. L. Boyd-Graber, and D. M. Blei, “Reading tea leaves: How humans interpret topic models,” in Advances in neural information processing systems, 2009. [19] V. Braun and V. Clarke, “Using thematic analysis in psychology,” Qualitative research in psychology, vol. 3, no. 2, 2006. [20] J. Cohen, “A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales,” Educational and psychological measurement, vol. 20, no. 1, 1960. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv Authors:
(1) Mohammadreza Hazhirpasand, Oscar Nierstrasz, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
(2) Mohammadhossein Shabani, Azad University, Rasht, Iran;
(3) Mohammad Ghafari, School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Authors: Authors: (1) Mohammadreza Hazhirpasand, Oscar Nierstrasz, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; (2) Mohammadhossein Shabani, Azad University, Rasht, Iran; (3) Mohammad Ghafari, School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

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