Depot

depot

My 30-Day Journey on a Dark Web Marketplace That Belonged to a Cyber Gang

একটি ডার্ক ওয়েব মার্কেটপ্লেসে আমার 30-দিনের যাত্রা যা একটি সাইবার গ্যাং এর অন্তর্গত

Meine 30-tägige Reise auf einem Dark Web-Marktplatz, der einer Cyber-Gang gehörte

Mi viaje de 30 días en un mercado de la Dark Web que perteneció a una banda cibernética

Mon voyage de 30 jours sur un marché du Dark Web appartenant à un cyber-gang

डार्क वेब मार्केटप्लेस पर मेरी 30-दिवसीय यात्रा जो एक साइबर गिरोह से संबंधित थी

サイバーギャングが所有するダークウェブマーケットプレイスでの私の30日間の旅

사이버조직이 속한 다크웹 마켓플레이스에서의 30일간의 여정

Minha jornada de 30 dias em um mercado da Dark Web que pertencia a uma gangue cibernética

Мое 30-дневное путешествие по торговой площадке даркнета, принадлежавшей кибербанде

Siber Çeteye Ait Karanlık Web Pazarında 30 Günlük Yolculuğum

Hành trình 30 ngày của tôi trên thị trường web đen thuộc về một băng nhóm mạng

我在网络帮派暗网市场中的 30 天之旅

The old saying ‘sell in May and go away’ may be supported by historical market performance, but that doesn’t mean investors can’t make summer profits from carefully selected stocks. Wall Street Certain stocks are better disposed to outperformance over the summer months. Travel and tourism, live events, and food and drink stocks are all prone to strong market rallies as temperatures warm and days become longer. Another major beneficiary from those summer months is DIY stocks. So, rather than selling in May, should investors ride the summer out by backing home improvement firms to shine? There could be some logic to diversifying the right blend of DIY firms for your summer portfolio. In days of yore, selling in May traditionally took place as the city essentially closed for the summer, and wouldn’t fully reopen again until St Ledger Day–which is a horse race that occurs in mid-September. Interestingly, there appears to be some merit to this philosophy event today. According to , there’s an average 1.11% difference across 16 global exchanges in favor of the monthly returns gained between November and April, as opposed to between May and October. eToro research However, taking the recent performance of Home Depot (NYSE:HD) as an example, the stock delivered growth in four of the past five periods between the beginning of May and St Ledger Day–with a rally of 26.4% recorded in 2020. This indicates that some home improvement stocks can perform well during those summer market slowdown periods, and for investors, they can represent a seasonal investment option that can keep portfolios profitable all year round. But which DIY stocks could offer the best potential moving into summer 2024? Let’s explore 3 of the strongest options on Wall Street today: 1. Home Depot Inc Equipped with a market capitalization in excess of $350 billion, Home Depot (NYSE:HD) is a DIY stock with a massive market presence. Home Depot is also a stock that commands some serious revenue. Having reported $34.79 billion in revenues for 2023, the home improvement giant actually experienced a 2.9% year-on-year dip which fell in line with analyst estimates. However, Q4 2023 revenue fell above estimates, indicating a strong end to a “year of moderation,” as . described by CEO Ted Decker “Home Depot is one of the world's largest home improvement retailers,” explained Maxim Manturov, head of investment research at . “During the summer, homeowners often undertake a variety of do-it-yourself projects such as landscaping, renovations and home improvement projects, which can boost Home Depot's sales.” Freedom Finance Europe There are also signs that Home Depot is expanding its home improvement repertoire. In March, the firm announced a major , a key building projects supplier that serves professional roofers, landscapers, and pool contractors among its core customers. $18.3 billion acquisition of SRS Distribution With 760 warehouses and over 4,000 trucks to deliver its goods, the acquisition of SRS Distribution is set to help Home Depot build into the world of housing professionals to supplement its core DIY demographic and can be interpreted as a statement of intent for future growth. 2. Lowe’s Companies Inc Despite a mixed fourth-quarter earnings report at the end of last year, Lowe’s (NYSE:LOW) has surged more than 10% on Wall Street in the first quarter of 2024. There’s every indication that this year is shaping up to be a big one for the home improvement specialists. While Lowe’s beat expectations for EPS and revenue, the firm also reported a drop of over 6% in comparable sales and cut guidance for 2024 significantly. This highlights the company’s outperformance and uncertainty over what’s to come with market conditions becoming increasingly unpredictable in the macroeconomic environment. However, this uncertainty is looking like a fresh opportunity for investors ahead of the summer, as suggest that both housing inventory and existing home sales are beginning to increase in 2024. With the expectation of lower interest rates arriving in time for the second half of the year, we’re likely to see the housing market gather speed with cheaper mortgage rates–paving the way for a renovation and DIY flurry. early indications Crucially, Lowe’s is a , and this means that a clearing housing market could see investors directly benefit from the dividends paid by the home improvement giant. dividend-paying stock 3. Sherwin-Williams Co Unlike the more general DIY stocks we’ve covered so far, Sherwin-Williams (NYSE:SHW) is a paint specialist that can experience an acceleration of sales when the warm summer months pave the way for more painting and repair projects among homeowners. The stock itself has been performing well in 2024, having grown almost 10% in the first quarter. Additionally, the stock rallied more than 30% in 2023, illustrating the level of growth that the company has consistently found. As for the period between May and St Ledger Day last year, SHW delivered growth of more than 10%. Sherwin-Williams appears to have a history of outperformance, and the firm’s Q4 2024 revenues of $5.25 million represent that beat Zacks Consensus Estimates. year-over-year growth of 0.4% As a result of its impressive revenue growth, some analysts are revising their estimates upwards for SHW for the year ahead, while Zacks Consensus Estimate has increased by $0.05 to $11.49 per share for 2024. This signifies the relevance that the stock could carry over the summer months. Cautious Optimism Amid Uncertainty While DIY stocks have proven to be strong performers despite the ‘sell in May’ mantra that some traders continue to hold dear, their relative strength in 2024 is likely to be determined by wider macroeconomic circumstances. With the Federal Reserve’s switch to a dovish monetary policy, clearing economic conditions are likely to generate more housing market activity and a greater flurry of DIY activity over the coming summer. However, nothing is certain when it comes to the economy, and the Wall Street performance of many stocks this year is likely to hinge on gathering tailwinds. With this in mind, investors can find strength in adopting a cautiously optimistic approach to building their summer portfolios and maximizing their earnings potential.

Wall Street’s Home Improvement Rally: 3 Stocks to Track as Summer’s DIY Season Kicks Into Gear

This article was , an independent, nonprofit organization that works side by side with consumers for truth, transparency and fairness in the marketplace. . copublished with Consumer Reports Learn more here By now most internet users know their online activity is constantly tracked. No one should be shocked to see ads for items they previously searched for, or to be asked if their data can be shared with an unknown number of “partners.” But what is the scale of this surveillance? Judging from data collected by Facebook and by non-profit consumer watchdog Consumer Reports, it’s massive, and examining the data may leave you with more questions than answers. newly described in a unique study Using a panel of 709 volunteers who shared archives of their Facebook data, Consumer Reports found that a total of 186,892 companies sent data about them to the social network. On average, each participant in the study had their data sent to Facebook by 2,230 companies. That number varied significantly, with some panelists’ data listing over 7,000 companies providing their data. The Markup helped Consumer Reports recruit participants for the study. Participants downloaded an archive of the last three years of their data from their Facebook settings, then provided it to Consumer Reports. By collecting data this way, the study was able to examine a form of tracking that is normally hidden: so-called “server-to-server” tracking, in which personal data goes from a company’s servers to Meta’s servers. Another form of tracking, in which Meta tracking pixels are placed on company websites, is visible to users’ browsers. Because the data came from a self-selected group of users, and because the results were not demographically adjusted, the study does not “make any claims about how representative this sample is of the U.S. population as a whole,” Consumer Reports noted. Participants were also likely more privacy conscious and technically inclined than typical users and more likely to be members of Consumers Reports. Despite its limitations, the study offers a rare look, using data directly from Meta, on how personal information is collected and aggregated online. Meta spokesperson Emil Vazquez defended the company’s practices. “We offer a number of transparency tools to help people understand the information that businesses choose to share with us, and manage how it’s used,” wrote Vazquez in an emailed statement to The Markup. While Meta does provide transparency tools like the one that enabled the study, Consumer Reports identified problems with them, including that the identity of many data providers is unclear from the names disclosed to users and that companies that provide services to advertisers are often allowed to ignore opt-out requests. One company appeared in 96% of participants’ data: the San Francisco-based data broker LiveRamp. But the companies sharing your online activity to Facebook aren’t just little-known data brokers. Retailers like Home Depot, Walmart and Macy’s all were in the top 100 most frequently-seen companies in the study. Credit reporting and consumer data companies such as Experian and TransUnion’s Neustar also made the list, as did Amazon, Etsy and PayPal. LiveRamp did not respond to a request for comment. What Exactly Does This Data Contain? The data examined by Consumer Reports in this study comes from two types of collection: events and custom audiences. Both categories include information about what people do outside of Meta’s platforms. Custom audiences allow advertisers to upload customer lists to Meta, often including identifiers like email addresses and mobile advertising IDs. These customers, and so-called “lookalike audiences” made up of similar people, can then be targeted with ads on Meta’s platforms. The other category of data collection, “events,” describes interactions that the user had with a brand, which can occur outside of Meta’s apps and in the real world. Events can include visiting a page on a company’s website, leveling up in a game, visiting a physical store, or purchasing a product. These signals originate from Meta software code included in many mobile apps, their tracking pixel, which is included on many websites, and from server-to-server tracking, where a company’s server passes data to a Meta server. The Markup has written extensively about the and how it has been used to surveil people as they , , , , and . Meta Pixel dial suicide hotlines buy their groceries take the SATs file their taxes book appointments with their doctors Website owners can configure the pixel to track user website interactions such as searches or filling out a form, sending each action to Meta, even if the user doesn’t have an account on Facebook. Although research tools like The Markup’s “Pixel Hunt” can detect the Meta pixel or SDK tracking, there is no way for a consumer to monitor the traffic between a company’s server and Meta’s. This Consumer Reports study looks at server-to-server data along with the rest. How Can I See My Data? Facebook users can browse through the list of companies that have sent their data to Facebook by going to: https://accountscenter.facebook.com/info_and_permissions From this menu, users can either download or access their information. To see the companies outside of Meta that have been sharing your information, select “Your activity off Meta technologies,” then “Recent activity.” You might be prompted to re-enter your password at this point. This view will show you the number of recent connections between various third-party businesses you visited and Meta, and examples of the activity that was shared. You can choose to prevent future sharing by the company by selecting “Disconnect.” To see detailed information about these interactions, . request a copy of your data But after jumping through the many hoops required to actually get your hands on this data, you may still be left with lingering questions. For example, in addition to easily recognizable company names, more than 7,000 companies in Consumer Reports’ study were named using unreadable gibberish, or just numbers that don’t mean anything to most users. Even those companies with readable names often did not include links to the company website. Some company names were ambiguous, such as “Viking,” which could be a number of different businesses. “This type of tracking which occurs entirely outside of the user’s view is just so far outside of what people expect when they use the internet,” Caitriona Fitzgerald, Deputy Director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, told The Markup in an interview. Fitzgerald said that while users are likely aware that Meta knows what they are doing while they are on Facebook and Instagram, “they don’t expect Meta to know what stores they walk into or what news articles they’re reading or every site they visit online.” In the report, Consumer Reports calls for a number of policy proposals covering data collection practices, some of which could be part of a national digital privacy law, something that the organization has long advocated for. Among the recommendations specifically aimed at Meta’s technology and the advertisers who use it: Require companies to adopt “data minimization” strategies which call for the collection of the absolute minimum amount of data needed to provide the service being offered. Expand the powers of “authorized agents” to act on behalf of consumers to act on their rights. is a mobile app by Consumer Reports that allows users to quickly opt-out of and delete data from a long list of companies and data brokers on behalf of users; the app takes advantage of state privacy laws’ authorized agent provisions. Permission Slip Increase ad transparency by creating ad archives that allow the public to see all ads that have been served to users on a platform, following the lead of the EU's . Digital Services Act Existing Meta transparency tools should improve the quality and readability of the data that is made available so consumers can actually act on the information they review. Fitzgerald echoed these recommendations, saying the problem lies with the fact that the burden is on the consumer to take action to prevent this data collection. Even a “global opt-out” mechanism allowing users to avoid having their data shared is not enough because “that still requires the user to take an action to protect their privacy. A lot of people are not going to have the time or knowledge to do that,” said Fitzgerald. Vazquez, Meta’s spokesperson, said the company would “continue to invest in data minimization technologies to keep up with evolving expectations. As we cover in our terms, businesses are responsible for getting permission to share people’s information with companies like ours.” For now, the lack of a federal privacy law leaves consumers in most states with few options. “I think people should be encouraging their elected officials to pass privacy laws that require businesses to change some of these business practices to stop this ubiquitous tracking of our every click and every movement,” said Fitzgerald. Credits: , , , , , Jon Keegan Carlo Cadenas Maria Puertas Gabriel Hongsdusit Ryan Tate Michael Reilly Also published here Photo by on Amanda Dalbjörn Unsplash

If You're a Facebook User, Thousands of Companies Are Watching You

আপনি যদি একজন ফেসবুক ব্যবহারকারী হন, হাজার হাজার কোম্পানি আপনাকে দেখছে

Wenn Sie ein Facebook-Nutzer sind, werden Sie von Tausenden Unternehmen beobachtet

Si eres usuario de Facebook, miles de empresas te están observando

Si vous êtes un utilisateur de Facebook, des milliers d'entreprises vous surveillent

यदि आप फेसबुक उपयोगकर्ता हैं, तो हजारों कंपनियां आप पर नजर रख रही हैं

あなたが Facebook ユーザーなら、何千もの企業があなたに注目しています

당신이 Facebook 사용자라면 수천 개의 회사가 당신을 지켜보고 있습니다.

Se você é um usuário do Facebook, milhares de empresas estão observando você

Если вы пользователь Facebook, за вами наблюдают тысячи компаний

Facebook Kullanıcısıysanız Binlerce Şirket Sizi İzliyor

Nếu bạn là người dùng Facebook, hàng nghìn công ty đang theo dõi bạn

如果您是 Facebook 用户，成千上万的公司正在关注您

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . To Manufacturers of Knitted Goods. here To Manufacturers of Knitted Goods. is now in England, completing arrangements so as to be able to supply his American friends with his improved Knitting Machines with greater dispatch, and with all the latest improvements. He would beg to call especial attention to JOHN KENT The Improved Rib Top Frame, now so well known, and acknowledged to be the best rib top frame ever built, for speed and quality of goods produced. Price, delivered free in New York, $520, currency. The Improved Circular Web Frame, for drawers and shirts, built of any size and gage. Price for a 4-head set, 17 inch to 20 inch diameter, $810, currency, delivered free in New York. The Circular Stocking Frame, from 2 in. to 5½ in. diameter. These circular frames, with my last improvements, are as near perfection as possible. The Patent Full-fashioned Shirt, Drawers and Stocking Frames produce the most perfect goods ever made by steam-power machinery, and cost fifty per cent less to keep in repair than any other Knitting Machine. Built 10 to 24 gage, and from 30 to 140 inch wide, to order. The Improved Circular Looping Frame, for putting on shirt cuffs, drawers bands, clearing the top of circular shirts, &c., built to order, of any size, from 2 in. to 22 in. diameter, and of any gage. Steel Needles and Sinkers to pattern. Persons wishing to order while Mr. Kent is in England, will please address JOHN KENT, Nottingham, up to April 12th, or, if they prefer, may send through depot. Address JOHN KENT, 348 Pearl st., New York. PUMPS. —For Description, Price Lists etc., of the Best Centrifugal Pump ever invented, with Overwhelming Testimony in its favor, send for new illustrated pamphlet (40 pp.) to Messrs. HEALD, SISCO & CO., Baldwinsville, N. Y. BRICK PRESSES. **FOR RED AND FIRE BRICK.
\ Factory 309 S. Fifth street, Philadelphia, Pa. S. P. MILLER. ST. JOSEPH, Mo., Nov. 10, 1870. T. R. BAILEY & VAIL, Lockport, N. Y.: Gentlemen:—The Lathe you shipped me has arrived, and I have it in full operation. It works perfectly, and I think it the best lathe made in the world for Bedstead and Chair work. I would recommend it to any one desirous of obtaining such a lathe. Yours truly, H. R. BRISTOL. WOOLEN MILL FOR SALE. With House and 3 acres of land, Seymour, Ct., (Naugatuck Valley,) 2 miles from R. R. depot. Never-failing stream. 3 ft. fall, dam and wheel in good condition. Inquire of JAS. ORMSBEE, on the premises. Portable & Stationary Steam Engines AND HOISTING ENGINES. A good article at low prices. Every machine warranted. Send for descriptive Price List. H. B. BIGELOW & CO., New Haven, Conn. PATENT BANDSAW MACHINES Of the most approved kinds, of various sizes , to saw bevel as well as square, without inclining the table, by , 452 to 456 Tenth ave., New York. Price $250, $275, $350, and $400. At present (Oct. 16), there are in operation, in this city alone, 88 of our machines. Send for circular. Manufacture, also, an improved saw-filing apparatus; price, $30. Have also on hand a large stock of best French Bandsaw Blades. FIRST & PRYIBIL L. & J. W. FEUCHTWANGER, 55 Cedar st., New York, Chemists, Manufacturers, and Importers of Specialities, Silicates, Soda and Potash, Chloride of Calcium, Peroxide of Manganese, Hydrofluoric Acid, Metallic Oxides, Steel and Glass Makers' and Potters' Articles, Publishers of Treatises on "Soluble Glass," "Gems," and "Fermented Liquors." PIMLICO BRACES, SOMETHING NEW. THIS invention is based on a strictly scientific principle, and is a valuable improvement on old style suspenders. It is simple in construction, and combines the qualities of Brace and Suspender. They are unequaled for elegance, durability and comfort. Manufactured at the Monumental Silk Works, Baltimore. JOHN M. DAVIES & CO., Sole Agents, 384 & 386 B'd'y, N. Y. Dr. J. ARMSTRONG'S (Patent) Improved Heater, Filter, Lime Extractor, and Condenser Combined, For Steam Boilers. MANUFACTURED BY Toledo, Ohio. Armstrong & Starr, Send for Circulars. Formerly Armstrong & Welsh. —An Engine, 12x36 in. cylinder, and two Boilers, 4x15 feet, in good order, will be sold cheap. FOR SALE. J. J. TAYLOR & CO., 68 Courtlandt st., New York. Trapping and Fishing. All about it. Sent free. Address "Hunter," Hinsdale, N. H. HUNTING, First Premium awarded by Am. Inst., 1870 T. H. McALLISTER, Optician, 49 Nassau st., N. Y. Rare and Beautiful Flowers —AND— CHOICE VEGETABLES Can always be obtained by Sowing The Seventeenth Annual Edition of their celebrated "SEED CATALOGUE AND GUIDE TO THE FLOWER AND KITCHEN GARDEN," is now ready for distribution. It contains Four Beautifully Colored Lithographs, and about 300 choice Engravings of favorite Flowers and Vegetables, 136 pages of closely-printed matter, and a list of Twenty-five Hundred species and varieties of Flower and Vegetable Seeds, with explicit directions for their culture, and much other useful information upon the subject of Gardening. A copy will be mailed to all applicants inclosing 25 cts. Regular customers supplied gratis. Address B. K. BLISS & SONS, Nos. 23 Park Place, and 20 Murray st., P. O. Box No. 5712. New York. Science for the Million. THE Boston Journal of Chemistry, Devoted to the Science of Home Life, the Arts, Agriculture, and Medicine. JAMES R. NICHOLS, M.D., WILLIAM A. ROLFE, A.M., } Editors. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. A paper which commends itself at once to Physicians, Druggists, Chemists, Teachers, Farmers, Mechanics—in short, to Professional and Practical Men of every class. The Domestic Recipes and Formulæ for Art Processes are of themselves worth many times the cost of subscription. Specimen Copies Sent Free. Address **BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY,
\ 150 Congress st., Boston. FOOT LATHES, And all kinds of small tools. Illustrated catalogue free. GOODNOW & WIGHTMAN, 23 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. AGENTS WANTED.—To sell Stephens' which embraces a Rule, Level, Square, Plumb, Bevel, Slope Level, T Square, etc., in one compact tool. These instruments retail at $3.50 each, and energetic salesmen can make money by selling them among mechanics. We warrant them in every particular, as the construction and graduation is faultless. Send for descriptive circular, cuts, and terms. Patent Combination Rule, STEPHENS & CO., Riverton, Conn. FELT. THE BEST, CHEAPEST and MOST DURABLE non-conductor known, for sale by the Original Manufacturer, at the BOILER FELTING WORKS, 46 Courtland st., New York. Universal Wood Worker. For Agricultural, Railroad, Car, Carriage, and Wagon Works, Planing Mill, Sash, Door and Blind, Bedstead, Cabinet and Furniture Factories. McBETH, BENTEL & MARGEDANT, Hamilton, O. , Inventor's Exchange 245 Broadway, N. Y., "Am. Agriculturist" Building. TANGIBLE INVENTIONS NEGOTIATED. No goods received unless ordered. B. F. KEMP, Proprietor. MACHINISTS' TOOLS, at greatly reduced prices. Also, some Woodworth Planers and Second-hand Tools. 97 to 113 R. R. ave., Newark, N. J. E. & R. J. GOULD, successors to Gould Machine Co. N. B. PATENTED Articles introduced. Also, State and County Rights sold for Inventors. STONE, PUGH & CO., 55 N. 6th st., Philadelphia. G OLDEN HILL Seminary for young ladies, Bridgeport, Conn. Miss Emily Nelson, Principal. 1826 USE THE VEGETABLE PULMONARY BALSAM. 1870 The old standard remedy for Coughs, Colds, Consumption. "Nothing Better." Cutler Bros. & Co., Boston. T HE CALVERT IRON ROLLING MILLS are offered at private sale. These mills are situated in the city of Baltimore, and cover 1½ acres of ground. The Machinery is of the most approved description, for making all sizes of round and square bar iron, from ¼ in. to 3 in. diameter, and flat bars of all widths, up to 7 inches. The buildings are ample and commodious. In addition to the Rolling Mills are two brick buildings (50x125 feet and 40x90 feet), now containing an 80 H.P. Engine, and Spike Machinery, but which could be used for the manufacture of Nails, Horseshoes, or any other branch of heavy hardware. This property offers an unusual opportunity to capitalists, and will be sold at a reasonable price. For further description address MARSHALL  P. SMITH, P. O. Box 1158, Baltimore, Md. BURDON IRON WORKS.—Manufacturers of Pumping Engines for Water Works, High & Low Pressure Engines, Portable Engines and Boilers, of all kinds, Sugar Mills, Screw, Lever, Drop, & Hydraulic Presses, Machinery in general. HUBBARD & WHITTAKER, 102 Front st., Brooklyn. ENGINES AND MACHINERY FOR SALE, at a great sacrifice. Two new Steam Engines, 12 and 20 horse power; 1 Faribain's Riveting Machine; 1 large Power Shears; 1 ditto Table Punch; 2 ditto Flange Punches; 1 set Power Bending Rolls; together with a large lot of Turning Lathes, Drilling Machines, Machinists' and Smiths' Hand Tools, Pulleys, Hangers, and 6 Fairbanks' Platform Scales. Send for catalogue, or apply at the South Brooklyn Steam Engine Works, cor. Imlay and Summit sts., Brooklyn. SHINGLE AND HEADING MACHINE— Law's Patent with Trevor & Co.'s Improvements. The Simplest and Best in use. Also, Shingle, Heading and Stave Jointers, Equalizers, Heading Turners, Planers etc. AddressTREVOR & CO., Lockport, N. Y. AGENTS WANTED—($225 A MONTH) by the AMERICAN KNITTING MACHINE CO. Boston, Mass., or St. Louis, Mo. THE UNITED STATES Brick Machine IS THE BEST IN THE WORLD, BECAUSE IT MAKES THE , , and GREATEST NUMBER THE BEST THE CHEAPEST BRICKS. It is the Perfection of Simplicity. It is Durable, and not likely to get out of Repair. See Scientific American, Sept. 17, 1870. For Descriptive Circular apply to F. C. WELLS, President, Room 13, 98 Madison st.,\CHICAGO. MACHINES can be seen in operation at the Company's Works, Chicago; at rear 59 Ann st., New York city; and at Novelty Iron Works, corner of Delord and Peter sts., New Orleans. PREPARED Asphalte Roofing Felt. This new prepared production is ready coated, and can be applied on the roof without further trouble. It is easy of application, and does not require any repairs for a long time. It is more durable than some slates, and has been found a suitable substitute for iron or tin roofs. It has a sanded or stony surface, which renders it Exposed to the most intense fire, and sparks falling upon it, it will not propagate the fire. Under the influence of the sun it will not run, which makes it specially adapted to hot climates. Its easy application and pleasing appearance have made it a favorite roofing material throughout all the Indies and other colonies. Being not cumbrous for transport, it is of invaluable service to settlers and farmers in far remote districts. When used for temporary purposes it may be taken off and applied again to another construction. It replaces common Asphalting on Terraces, Lobbies, Counting-houses, Office Floors, etc.; is a great preservative against dampness and vermin, and equalizes the temperature. It is 32 inches wide, and made in rolls of 25 yards each. Send for circular to UNINFLAMMABLE and FIRE-PROOF. E. H. MARTIN, 70 Maiden Lane and 9 Liberty St., N. Y. J. J. H. GREGORY'S Seed Catalogue. My Annual Illustrated Catalogue, containing a list of many new and rare Vegetables, some of which are not found in any other catalogue, and all the standard vegetables of the farm and garden (over one hundred of which I grow on my three seed farms), with a carefully selected list of flower seed, will be sent free to all. All my seed is sold under three warrants: 1st. That all money sent shall reach me. 2d. That all seed ordered shall reach the purchaser. 3d. That my seeds shall be fresh and true to name. JAMES J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass. THE NEW WILSON Under-Feed Shuttle\SEWING MACHINES! $25 cheaper than any other! For Simplicity, Durability and Beauty they stand For Stitching, Hemming, Tucking, Felling, Quilting, Cording, Binding, Braiding, Gathering, Gathering & sewing on gathers, For particulars address unrivalled! they are unexcelled! Wilson Sewing Machine Co., Cleveland, O., or St. Louis, Mo. , **NEW and 2d-HAND.—
\ Send for Circular. Chas. PLACE & CO., 60 Vesey st., New York. MACHINERY MACHINISTS. Illustrated Catalogue and Price List of all kinds of small Tools and Materials sent free to any address. GOODNOW & WIGHTMAN, 23 Cornhill, Boston, Mass. P. BLAISDELL & CO. MANUFACTURERS of the "BLAISDELL" PATENT DRILL PRESSES, with quick return motion, Agricultural Drills, Improved Engine Lathes, from 12 in. to 28 in. swing, Planers, Gear Cutters, Boring Mills, Hand Lathes, and other first-class Machinists' Tools. Jackson st., Worcester, Mass. Patent BEDSTEAD FASTENING. The and ever invented. Best, Cheapest, Strongest FASTENING Rights for States and Territories for sale. Address JOHN DOMINGOS and                     BENJAMIN ESSIG, Sacramento, Cal. BENT, GOODNOW & CO., Boston, Mass., Publishers of , sell Patent Rights and goods of all kinds. Orders solicited. "PATENT STAR" AGENTS WANTED. Send stamp for copy. TO THE WORKING CLASS.—We are now prepared to furnish all classes with constant employment at home, the whole of the time or for the spare moments. Business new, light and profitable. Persons of either sex easily earn from 50c. to $5 per evening, and a proportional sum by devoting their whole time to the business. Boys and girls earn nearly as much as men. That all who see this notice may send their address, and test the business, we make this unparalleled offer: To such as are not well satisfied, we will send $1 to pay for the trouble of writing. Full particulars, a valuable sample which will do to commence work on, and a copy of —one of the largest and best family newspapers published—all sent free by mail. Reader, if you want permanent, profitable work, address The People's Literary Companion D. C. ALLEN & CO., Augusta, Maine. IMPORTANT TO  MACHINISTS.—The Best Metal for all Machine Uses is the MARTIN STEEL, made by The New Jersey Steel and Iron Co., Trenton, N. J. This steel is made by an entirely different process from any other and is tougher than wrought iron. It can be turned without annealing, being entirely free from hard spots. Every one who uses it pronounces it just what they have long wanted, for a multitude of uses, such as Crank Pins, Lathe Spindles and Screws, Cotton Machinery Rollers, Saw and Fan Spindles, etc., etc. Also, particularly adapted for Firebox Plates. Prices low. Send for further information, or a sample, stating use to which it is to be applied. OTIS' SAFETY HOISTING\Machinery. **OTIS, BROS. & CO.
\ No. 309 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Union Emery Wheels. Solid and with Stone Center. UNION STONE CO., Boston, Mass. Branch Office, 93 Liberty st., N. Y. General Agents for the Am. Twist Drill Co.'s Superior Grinder and other Emery Wheel Machinery and Tools. Send for Circular. \ WOODBURY'S PATENT** Planing and Matching and Molding Machines, Gray & Wood's Planers, Self-oiling Saw Arbors, and other wood working machinery. S. A. WOODS, Send for Circulars. } 91 Liberty street, N. Y.; 67 Sudbury street, Boston. RI**CHARDSON, MERIAM & CO.,
\ Manufacturers of the latest improved Patent Daniels' and Woodworth Planing Machines, Matching, Sash, and molding, Tenoning, Mortising, Boring, Shaping, Vertical, and Circular Re-sawing Machines, Saw Mills Saw Arbors, Scroll Saws, Railway, Cut-off, and Rip-saw Machines, Spoke and Wood Turning Lathes, and various other kinds of Wood-working Machinery. Catalogues and price lists sent on application. Manufactory, Worcester, Mass. Warehouse, 107 Liberty st., New York. 17 1 Reynolds' TURBINE WATER WHEELS. The Oldest and Newest. All others only imitations of each other in their strife after complications to confuse the public. We do not boast but quietly excel them all in staunch reliable, economical power. Beautiful pamphlet free. Geo. TALLCOT, 96 Liberty st., New York. Gearing, Shafting.

To Manufacturers of Knitted Goods

As we step into 2024, the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) industry, is ripe for a satirical forecast. Here are ten humorous and exaggerated predictions for the NFT market in 2024, where reality often seems stranger than fiction. 1. Donald Trump's Wall Builder NFT Series: A Virtual Political Statement In a unique blend of real estate and politics, former President Donald Trump's entry into the NFT market in 2024 will take a captivating turn. A major NFT series is set to be released: the controversial "Wall Builder" NFT series. In a move that is sure to stir both support and outrage, the "Wall Builder" NFT series will be Trump’s digital nod to one of his most infamous proposals – the border wall. Each NFT in this series represents a section of the virtual wall, with designs ranging from imposing fortresses to avant-garde barriers. Owning a Wall Builder NFT comes with unique virtual titles like "Digital Border Patrol Chief" or "Virtual Wall Inspector," allowing holders to partake in simulated border patrol missions. These missions are gamified experiences, complete with rewards, leaderboards, and exclusive digital merchandise. 2. Interstellar NFTs: NASA, Elon Musk, and the Cryogenic Conundrum In 2024, NASA, in collaboration with Elon Musk and a leading blockchain company, announces the launch of Interstellar NFTs. These digital assets represent ownership of land on distant exoplanets, blending the frontiers of space exploration with blockchain innovation. Each NFT offers buyers a stake in otherworldly real estate, complete with intricate digital depictions and detailed planetary profiles. Elon Musk, ever the visionary, adds an intriguing twist to the narrative. He promises to greet the NFT owners upon their arrival on these distant planets in the year 3024. The public is left speculating on the nature of Musk's presence: Will he be there in human form, having triumphed over aging through cryogenic freezing (only available via buying an NFT), or will he welcome them as a digital avatar, an immortal representation of his pioneering spirit? This conjecture fuels a mix of fascination and humor, with people playfully debating whether they'll meet an age-defying Musk in the flesh or interact with his advanced AI doppelgänger. 3. Time Travel NFTs Break All Sales Records The "Temporal Passports NFT" series, launched in 2024, has shattered all previous NFT sales records but not for reasons one would expect. Intended to transport holders to the era of their token's depicted historical figure, the series instead gained fame for its humorous technical glitches. Users anticipating accurate historical immersions were amused to find themselves in wildly mismatched time periods. For example one NFT holder, armed with a George Washington NFT and expecting a Revolutionary War scene, ended up in the roaring 1920s, quipping, “Instead of crossing the Delaware, I crossed into the Jazz Age. At least the booze is better.” This unpredictability turned the Temporal Passports into a unique profiting sensation, with holders being able to stake their NFTS and able to rent out their NFTs to other history buffs. 4. The Capitol Coin DAO: The White House Launches a DAO In 2024, as the U.S. political landscape dives into the world of blockchain with the launch of the "Capitol Coin DAO," the corridors of power get a digital makeover. In the Capitol Coin DAO, influential lobbyists and billionaire donors find themselves in a familiar position, but with a twist. Known as the 'Whales of Politics,' these power players attempt to sway decisions by accumulating vast amounts of Capitol Coins. However, they quickly realize that in the world of DAOs, money can't always buy consensus. In a comedic turn of events, a group of high school students, using only their lunch money and bags of SHIB, outvote a major lobbying effort, proving that in the DAO, quantity of coins doesn't always trump the power of collective decision-making. To combat the potential for manipulation, the Capitol Coin DAO introduces a series of humorous but effective measures. One such measure is the "Filibuster Feature," where any proposal that seems suspiciously advantageous to the 'Whales' is automatically subjected to a 24-hour meme bombardment, questioning its legitimacy. 5. Trump's NFT Gambit for Eternal Presidency In an unexpected yet somehow predictable move, former President Donald Trump jumps on the DAO bandwagon, launching his own NFT collection titled "Trump's Triumphs." He claims that anyone holding the complete set of these NFTs can unlock a secret feature in the Capitol Coin DAO, granting them "Permanent Presidency" powers. The Capital Coin DAO quickly blocks any attempts at a hostile takeover and as a result. Undeterred by this setback and true to his indomitable style, Trump pivots to create his own digital domain, the "TrumpVerse." Here, he proclaims himself as the perpetual president, a role unbound by the constraints of traditional politics. Supporters and collectors alike can buy virtual land in the TrumpVerse giving them the chance to own a piece of this exclusively Trumpian digital world. 6. Mortgaging Reality for Virtual Acres As 2024 rolls around, a bizarre economic trend sweeps across the nation. With real estate prices sky-high and interest rates climbing, homeowners start mortgaging their physical homes, not for a bigger backyard or a better neighborhood, but for a slice of virtual land in the ever-expanding metaverses. The craze for virtual land is driven by a mix of escapism and speculative investment. Enthusiasts argue that owning a piece of digital paradise is a wise move, free from the constraints of physical maintenance and pesky property taxes. Some even boast about their virtual mansions, complete with artificial intelligence butlers and virtual reality gardens, all financed by the equity in their modest three-bedroom bungalow. As more people jump onto the virtual land bandwagon, economists begin to warn of a 'Surreal Estate Bubble.' Late-night show hosts quip about the absurdity of people living in cramped apartments while owning virtual estates, with one joking, "In the Metaverse, everyone can hear you brag, but no one can help you move your virtual couch." 7. Home Depot's MetaDepot: Revolutionizing Virtual Home Renovation In an innovative twist in 2024, Home Depot launches "MetaDepot," a series of NFT Metaverse stores dedicated to virtual home improvement. This move taps into the burgeoning trend of digital homeowners needing to renovate and enhance their virtual abodes. At MetaDepot, customers find themselves in a surreal world of home renovation, specifically tailored for the Metaverse. Gone are the days of physical paint and lumber. Instead, virtual homeowners purchase NFTs representing digital wallpaper, ethereal lighting fixtures, and even holographic furniture to spruce up their online properties. 8. Senator Warren's NFT Escapade: From Political Pundit to NFT Artist In an unexpected turn of events, Senator Elizabeth Warren, known for her critical stance on cryptocurrencies, launches a Profile PFP NFT Meme series in 2024. The collection, infused with rare NFTS that are a nod to her controversial Native American ancestry, becomes an instant hit. But it's the climactic use of her NFT fortune that cements her place in the annals of political satire. Thwarting the Whale with Capitol Coin DAO Cashing in on her NFT success, Warren invests in Capitol Coin DAO Tokens, aligning herself with a group of astute high school students who have become influential players in the DAO who hodle a large amount of tokens from pooling their lunch money and selling their SHIB bags. Together, they engineer a masterful move to thwart a major lobbying effort by a "Whale," a wealthy player attempting to sway decisions with sheer financial power. This David versus Goliath scenario plays out on the digital stage, with Warren and the students championing the power of collective action over deep pockets. The plot thickens when one of the high school students, armed with insights from the DAO and a cunning use of Reddit, manages to ascend to an unprecedented level of political influence. In a stunning development, this savvy teenager leverages their digital prowess to make a bid for the presidency – and wins. The political world is left in shock as a Reddit-savvy, DAO-empowered student with lunch money and SHIB takes the highest office in the land. In the wake of this surreal turn of events, Senator Warren decides to hang up her political gloves. She retires from the world of policy and legislation, but not from the public eye. Warren turns her attention to creating NFT art, drawing on her experiences and the whirlwind events she helped catalyze. Her art, known for its blend of political satire and digital innovation, becomes highly sought after, turning her into a surprising yet successful figure in the NFT art world and a keynote speaker at NFT.NYC and Art Basel. 9. Interstellar NFTs: NASA and Elon Musk's Galactic Real Estate Gamble In a partnership that stretches the bounds of imagination, NASA, in collaboration with Elon Musk's space exploration company, launches Interstellar NFTs in 2024. These NFTs represent a bold venture into digital ownership of land on distant exoplanets, blending the allure of space exploration with the burgeoning world of blockchain. Each NFT offers virtual rights to a plot on an alien world, complete with artistically crafted visuals and detailed planetary descriptions. The most captivating aspect of this venture, however, is the promise that owners of these NFTs will have the opportunity to visit their interstellar holdings when space travel to these distant planets becomes possible – a feat optimistically slated for the year 3024. Adding to the intrigue, Elon Musk playfully assures potential buyers that he will personally greet them on their new cosmic properties, sparking widespread amusement and speculation about the longevity and future ambitions of the tech mogul. 10. Emotional Ownership NFTs: Claiming History's Feelings In 2024, a groundbreaking initiative by a leading tech company introduces a new genre of NFTs – "Emotional Ownership" of historical events. This novel concept allows individuals to own the exclusive rights to the emotions associated with significant moments in history. It’s an audacious blend of technology, sentimentality that captures the public's imagination. Imagine having the exclusive NFT that represents the collective joy felt during the 1969 moon landing. This NFT wouldn’t just be a digital token; it would symbolize your personal connection to the euphoria and wonder that enveloped the world as humanity took its first steps on the lunar surface. Each NFT comes with a beautifully designed digital certificate, detailing the event and the specific emotion it encapsulates. NFT holders question the practical implications of owning such NFTs and what rights the holders have. “Do I get royalties every time someone feels inspired by the Wright Brothers' first flight?” one user quips. Another posts, “Just bought the NFT for ‘surprise’ at the Boston Tea Party. “If someone reenacts the Tea Party, do I get to sue for emotional trespassing!” *** As we reflect on the remarkable developments in the world of NFTs and digital assets throughout 2024, it's clear that we are witnessing a period of unprecedented innovation and creativity. Here's to the innovators who dare to dream big, the communities that come together to turn these dreams into reality, and the endless possibilities that the future holds. Cheers to 2024! Audrey

Navigating the 2024 NFT Landscape: A Humorous Look at 10 Key Predictions

2024 NFT ল্যান্ডস্কেপ নেভিগেট করা: 10টি মূল ভবিষ্যদ্বাণীতে একটি হাস্যকর চেহারা

Navigieren durch die NFT-Landschaft 2024: Ein humorvoller Blick auf 10 wichtige Vorhersagen

Navegando por el panorama NFT de 2024: una mirada humorística a 10 predicciones clave

Naviguer dans le paysage NFT 2024 : un regard humoristique sur 10 prédictions clés

2024 एनएफटी लैंडस्केप को नेविगेट करना: 10 प्रमुख भविष्यवाणियों पर एक विनोदी नज़र

2024年のNFT情勢をナビゲートする: 10の主要な予測をユーモアたっぷりに考察

2024년 NFT 환경 탐색: 10가지 주요 예측에 대한 유머러스한 시각

Navegando no cenário NFT de 2024: uma visão humorística de 10 previsões principais

Навигация по ландшафту NFT 2024 года: юмористический взгляд на 10 ключевых прогнозов

2024 NFT Ortamında Gezinmek: 10 Temel Tahmine Esprili Bir Bakış

Điều hướng bối cảnh NFT 2024: Cái nhìn hài hước về 10 dự đoán chính

畅游 2024 年 NFT 格局：幽默地看待 10 个关键预测

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Business and Personal here Business and Personal The Charge for Insertion under this head is One Dollar a Line. If the Notices exceed Four Lines, One Dollar and a Half per Line will be charged. The paper that meets the eye of manufacturers throughout the United States—Boston Bulletin, $4.00 a year. Advertisements 17c. a line. Half Interest for sale in established Machinery Depot, new and second-hand. Steam fitting connected. Small capital, with energy, required. Address T. V. Carpenter, Advertising Agent, Box 773, New York. See advertisement of a Woolen Mill for sale. A bargain. I am active, have a clear record, and some capital. How can I make some money? F. Carmill, Box 1268, Boston, Mass. Pattern Letters for Machinists, Molders, and Inventors, to letter patterns of castings, all sizes. Address H. W. Knight, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Improved mode of Graining Wood, pat. July 5, '70, by J. J. Callow, Cleveland, O. See illustrated S. A., Dec. 17, '70. Send stamp for circular. Can a round, spring-steel rod be drawn to any desired length, with a true taper to a point, with equal elasticity the whole length, and rolled temper? What is the price per hundred pounds, and where can they be procured? Answer "Sportsman," Malone, N. Y. Manufacturers of Foot Lathes and other light machinery please address Geo. B. Kirkham, 167 E. 33d st., N. Y. city. Business of importance! Safety Kerosene Lamps (Perkins & House's Patent). Explosion or breaking impossible; light equal to gas, and no odor. Families supplied and canvassers appointed, by Montgomery & Co., 42 Barclay st., New York, or Cleveland, O. All parties wanting a water wheel will learn something of interest by addressing P. H. Wait, Sandy Hill, N. Y., for a free circular of his Hudson River Champion Turbine. Ashcroft's Low Water Detector, $15; thousands in use; 17 year's experience. Can be applied for $1. Send for circular. E. H. Ashcroft, Boston, Mass. Wanted.—Machines for manufacturing Pails, Tubs, and Matches. Also, competent man to superintend construction of buildings, and manage all parts of business when complete. Address, with descriptive circulars, price, etc., No. 266 Lexington avenue, New York. Turbine Water Wheels, Portable and Stationary Engines, Gang and Circular Saw Mills, Rolling Mill Machinery, and Machinery for Axe Manufacturers, manufactured by Wm. P. Duncan, Bellefonte, Pa. For best Power Picket Header in use, apply to Wm. P. Duncan, Bellefonte, Pa. New Blind Wirer and Rod Cutter. B. C. Davis & Co., Binghamton, N. Y. Self-testing Steam Gage. There's a difference between a chronometer watch and a "bull's eye." Same difference between a self-tester and common steam gage. Send for Circular. E. H. Ashcroft, Boston, Mass. See advertisement of L. & J. W. Feuchtwanger, Chemists, N. Y. $3.50. Stephens' Patent Combination Rule, Level, Square, Plumb, Bevel, etc. See advertisement in another column. Agents wanted. American Boiler Powder Co., Box 315, Pittsburgh, Pa., make the only safe, sure, and cheap remedy for "Scaly Boilers." Orders solicited. Belting that is Belting.—Always send for the Best Philadelphia Oak-Tanned, to C. W. Arny, Manufacturer, 301 Cherry st., Phil'a. E. Howard & Co., Boston, make the best Stem-winding Watch in the country. Ask for it at all the dealers. Office 15 Maiden Lane, N. Y. For mining, wrecking, pumping, drainage, and irrigating machinery, see advertisement of Andrews' Patents in another column. The best place to get Working Models and parts is at T. B. Jeffery's, 160 South Water st., Chicago. Brown's Coalyard Quarry & Contractors' Apparatus for hoisting and conveying material by iron cable. W. D. Andrews & Bro, 414 Water st., N. Y. Improved Foot Lathes. Many a reader of this paper has one of them. Selling in all parts of the country, Canada, Europe, etc. Catalogue free. N. H. Baldwin, Laconia, N. H. Peteler Portable R. R. Co. contractors, graders. See adv'ment. E. P. Peacock, Manufacturer of Cutting Dies, Press Work. Patent Articles in Metals, etc. 55 Franklin st., Chicago. Peck's Patent Drop Press. Milo Peck & Co., New Haven, Ct. Millstone Dressing Diamond Machine—Simple, effective, durable. For description of the above see Scientific American, Nov. 27th, 1869. Also, Glazier's Diamonds. John Dickinson, 64 Nassau st., N. Y. Steel name stamps, figures, etc. E. H. Payn, M'f'r, Burlington, Vt. Cold Rolled-Shafting, piston rods, pump rods, Collins pat. double compression couplings, manufactured by Jones & Laughlins, Pittsburgh, Pa. Keuffel & Esser 116 Fulton st., N. Y., the best place to get 1st-class Drawing Materials, Swiss instruments, and Rubber Triangles and Curves. For Solid Wrought-iron Beams, etc., see advertisement. Address Union Iron Mills, Pittsburgh, Pa., for lithograph, etc. For the best Self-regulating Windmill in the world, to pump water for residences, farms, city buildings, drainage, and irrigation, address Con. Windmill Co., 5 College Place, New York. The Merriman Bolt Cutter—the best made. Send for circulars. H. B. Brown & Co., Fair Haven, Conn. Taft's Portable Hot Air, Vapor and Shower Bathing Apparatus. Address Portable Bath Co., Sag Harbor, N. Y. (Send for Circular.) Glynn's Anti-Incrustator for Steam Boilers—The only reliable preventive. No foaming, and does not attack metals of boilers. Price 25 cents per lb. C. D. Fredricks, 587 Broadway, New York. For Fruit-Can Tools, Presses, Dies for all Metals, apply to Bliss & Williams, successor to May & Bliss, 118, 120, and 122 Plymouth st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Send for catalogue. 2d-hand Worthington, Woodward and Novelty Pumps, Engines 25 to 100 H.P., 60 Horse Loc. Boiler. W. D. Andrews & Bro., 414 Water st., N. Y. Agents wanted, to sell the Star Bevel. It supersedes the old style. Send for Circular. Hallett & White, West Meriden, Conn. English and American Cotton Machinery and Yarns, Beam Warps and Machine Tools. Thos. Pray, Jr., 57 Weybosset st., Providence, R. I. For small, soft, Gray Iron Castings, Japanned, Tinned, or Bronzed, address Enterprise Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia. Conklin's Detachable Rubber Lip, for bowls, etc., works like a charm. For Rights, address O. P. Conklin, Worcester, Mass., or A. Daul, Philadelphia, Pa. To Ascertain where there will be a demand for new machinery or manufacturers' supplies read Boston Commercial Bulletin's Manufacturing News of the United States. Terms $4.00 a year. Facts for the Ladies. In 1870, Mrs. W. made, with her Wheeler & Wilson machine, 2,255 vests, besides doing her family sewing for six persons. The Pittsburgh, Pa., "Leader" says: "The firm of Geo. P. Rowell & Co. is the largest and best Advertising Agency in the United States, and we can cheerfully recommend it to the attention of those who desire to advertise their business scientifically and systematically in such a way; that is, to secure the largest amount of publicity for the least expenditure of money." at American Institute Fair for 1870, Pratt's Astral Oil was pronounced the safest and best. After an exhaustive trial, Its Varieties, Causes, Symptoms, and Cure. By E. P. Miller, M.D. Paper, 50cts.; Muslin, $1. Address Miller, Haynes & Co., 41 West Twenty-sixth st., New York city. Dyspepsia: How Wasted and How Preserved; or, Abuses of the Sexual Function, their Causes Effects and Means of Cure. By E. P. Miller M.D. Paper, 50cts. Address Miller, Haynes & Co., 41 West Twenty-sixth st., New York city. Vital Force: About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19180/pg19180-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Business and Personal

are everywhere. They have become indispensable in our everyday lives. They are also ubiquitous in various industries, notably e-commerce logistics. Mobile applications Nowadays, apps are redefining how e-commerce is conducted. One of the main reasons for their effectiveness is that these apps help immensely in attracting personnel. The traditional barriers tied to experience and competence levels are significantly diminished. This is, in a large part, because a mobile app introduces a rigid workflow, making it difficult for users to stray from prescribed tasks. Furthermore, these applications enable a high level of oversight, so all activities carried out by the user are thoroughly monitored. Apart from that, they assist in all areas: from product browsing to delivery tracking. They act like the bonding agent that links customers, retailers, and delivery services, allowing instant information exchange and effortless cooperation. For businesses, they enhance operational efficiency, improve customer relations, and provide a competitive advantage. For consumers, they offer a swift, engaging, and user-friendly interface for satisfying their shopping desires. How mobile apps influence e-commerce make different parts of the business, like finding products and delivering them, a lot easier thanks to their simple and clear interfaces. Mobile apps On the frontend, they deliver an engaging and personalized user experience. Advanced algorithms analyze user behavior to recommend products, tailor promotions, and facilitate personalized interactions. Mostly, apps are designed for easy navigation, quick checkouts, and secure payment processing. Many also offer features like wish lists, product comparisons, and customer reviews. On the backend, mobile applications are instrumental in managing inventory, processing orders, handling customer inquiries, and tracking deliveries. They help in making various office tasks more automatic and precise, reducing mistakes and making sure the operations run smoothly. In addition, these apps keep a bunch of helpful information that companies can use to tweak their operations, guess what their customers might want next, and make wise decisions about what's to come. Also, a good many of mobile apps have built-in tools for accessibility. These include voice-enabled search functions, speech synthesis, and the option for high-contrast displays. Such features guarantee that e-commerce platforms cater to the needs of all customers, including those with visual, auditory, or motor difficulties. What's their role? From what we can tell, mobile apps offer a bunch of tools and features that simplify and speed up a lot of operation parts, like taking care of inventory, tracking orders, and sorting out delivery systems. Inventory Management Applications like TradeGecko and Vend offer robust solutions here. These apps synchronize data across multiple sales channels, making it easier to manage stock levels, predict demand, and prevent both overstocking and stockouts. Features such as real-time inventory tracking, automated reordering, and reporting help businesses maintain optimal inventory levels and streamline their supply chain operations. Order Tracking For order tracking, mobile apps have significantly improved transparency and communication between businesses and customers. Applications such as AfterShip and Route offer real-time tracking and automatic updates on shipment progress, giving customers clear visibility of their orders' status. These platforms also allow businesses to customize their tracking pages, reinforcing brand identity and improving customer experience. Delivery Systems Mobile applications have revolutionized the way businesses coordinate their deliveries. Apps like Onfleet and Bringg provide sophisticated dispatching, route optimization, and driver-tracking features. They facilitate efficient delivery operations, reducing costs, improving delivery speed, and, as a result, enhancing customer satisfaction. Mobile apps in scaling One of the most critical challenges in e-commerce is scaling logistics to accommodate business growth. This requires managing larger volumes of orders, delivery routes, inventory, and customer communication, all of which can quickly become complex. Mobile applications help the scaling process. In a sense, they can grow along with a business. As the volume of transactions increases, mobile applications can handle the increased data and complexity without the need for significant investments in new hardware or infrastructure. They enable businesses to manage growth without disrupting existing operations, and their modular nature allows for additional features to be integrated as needed. For example, ShipBob, a logistics platform designed for e-commerce businesses, faces the challenge of managing increased order volume, as business operations grow. ShipBob offers a unified platform where companies can manage orders from various sales channels. The app provides inventory management across multiple warehouses, order management, and even advanced analytics to improve decision-making. With ShipBob, businesses can scale their logistics seamlessly without the headache of dealing with increased complexity. Similarly, applications like EasyPost allow businesses to manage an extensive network of carriers. As businesses expand geographically, they need to work with more delivery services. EasyPost offers API solutions that integrate with numerous carriers, making it easier for businesses to ship worldwide without getting bogged down by the complexity of managing multiple relationships. Sellbrite and Zoho Inventory provide further support for scaling logistics. Sellbrite facilitates multi-channel selling, allowing businesses to list and sell products across numerous online marketplaces from a single interface. This centralized control simplifies the management of increased sales channels as businesses grow. Zoho Inventory, on the other hand, is a robust inventory management solution that can manage the growing complexity of stock control. It handles tasks like inventory tracking, order fulfillment, and also integrates with multiple online sales channels, keeping all systems synchronized as a business scales. Who uses them, and how? ASOS This British online fashion retailer also made great progress in scaling its logistics with a mobile application. They integrated their operations with Metapack, a delivery management software that offers a range of features, including track-and-trace functionality, returns management, and delivery personalization. With Metapack's capabilities, ASOS was able to enhance its delivery process and manage a greater volume of orders. Stitch Fix Stitch Fix, an online personal styling service, used mobile applications to scale its operations and deliver personalized style boxes to customers across the United States. They used an app called Style Shuffle, which allows users to rate clothing and accessory items, thus helping the company gather data about customer preferences. This helped the company streamline its inventory management and improved the efficiency of its operations. Instacart Instacart, a North American leader in online groceries, turned to mobile apps to grow the scale of its operations. They developed their in-house app that connects customers, personal shoppers, and grocery stores for efficient delivery or pickup of groceries. This allowed them to manage a complex logistical challenge of coordinating between multiple stakeholders. As a result, Instacart became able to handle a growing volume of orders and expand their operations. The Home Depot The Home Depot, a leading home improvement retailer, provides another example of successful logistics scaling through the use of mobile applications. Facing increasing demand online, they realize the need to optimize their e-commerce logistics to handle the surge in orders. The company turned to mobile tech. The app they used was Roadie. It’s an Uber-like system that connects businesses with local drivers who can deliver goods on routes they were already taking. The Home Depot turned to Roadie to help make its delivery process smoother and deal with more orders. The company also created their own app that helped customers keep tabs on their orders, find things in stores, and even use augmented reality to see what products would look like in their homes. The payoff was a big boost to The Home Depot's e-commerce operations. Conclusion So, for e-commerce, mobile apps enhance clarity and speed, which results in an improved shopping journey for consumers, as well as businesses becoming able to work more efficiently. It's easy to expect that, with time, apps will gain an even bigger role in e-commerce logistics. We’ll probably be seeing a constant stream of more and more specialized apps, designed to offer even more help. Likely, they will introduce new methods to boost operational efficiency, cut costs, and amplify customer satisfaction. As these changes come, businesses that can use mobile apps well will lead the pack, ready for the opportunities and challenges the future brings. Try to be one of them.

Mobile Applications and their Impact on E-commerce Logistics Scaling

Plan of War when the Destruction of the Enemy is the Object

On the Culminating Point of Victory

PNEUMATIC MAIL TUBES

On War by Carl Von Clausewitz, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Attack on Fortresses Book VII: Chapter XVII. Attack on Fortresses The attack on fortresses cannot of course come before us here in its aspect as a branch of the science of fortification or military works; we have only to consider the subject, first, in its relation to the strategic object with which it is connected; secondly, as regards the choice among several fortresses; and thirdly, as regards the manner in which a siege should be covered. That the loss of a fortress weakens the defence, especially in case it forms an essential part of that defence; that many conveniences accrue to the assailant by gaining possession of one, inasmuch as he can use it for magazines and depôts, and by means of it can cover districts of country cantonments, etc.; that if his offensive at last should have to be changed into the defensive, it forms the very best support for that defensive—all these relations which fortresses bear to theatres of war, in the course of a war, make themselves sufficiently evident by what has been said about fortresses in the book on the Defence, the reflection from which throws all the light required on these relations with the attack. In relation to the taking of strong places, there is also a great difference between campaigns which tend to a great decision and others. In the first, a conquest of this description is always to be regarded as an evil which is unavoidable. As long as there is yet a decision to be made, we undertake no sieges but such as are positively unavoidable. When the decision has been already given—the crisis, the utmost tension of forces, some time passed—and when, therefore, a state of rest has commenced, then the capture of strong places serves as a consolidation of the conquests made, and then they can generally be carried out, if not without effort and expenditure of force, at least without danger. In the crisis itself the siege of a fortress heightens the intensity of the crisis to the prejudice of the offensive; it is evident that nothing so much weakens the force of the offensive, and therefore there is nothing so certain to rob it of its preponderance for a season. But there are cases in which the capture of this or that fortress is quite unavoidable, if the offensive is to be continued, and in such case a siege is to be considered as an intensified progress of the attack; the crisis will be so much greater the less there has been decided previously. All that remains now for consideration on this subject belongs to the book on the plan of the war. In campaigns with a limited object, a fortress is generally not the means but the end itself; it is regarded as a small independent conquest, and as such has the following advantages over every other:— 1. That a fortress is a small, distinctly-defined conquest, which does not require a further expenditure of force, and therefore gives no cause to fear a reaction. 2. That in negotiating for peace, its value as an equivalent may be turned to account. 3. That a siege is a real progress of the attack, or at least seems so, without constantly diminishing the force like every other advance of the offensive. 4. That the siege is an enterprise without a catastrophe. The result of these things is that the capture of one or more of the enemy’s strong places, is very frequently the object of those strategic attacks which cannot aim at any higher object. The grounds which decide the choice of the fortress which should be attacked, in case that may be doubtful, generally are— (a) That it is one which can be easily kept, therefore stands high in value as an equivalent in case of negotiations for peace. (b) That the means of taking it are at hand. Small means are only sufficient to take small places; but it is better to take a small one than to fail before a large one. (c) Its strength in engineering respects, which obviously is not always in proportion to its importance in other respects. Nothing is more absurd than to waste forces before a very strong place of little importance, if a place of less strength may be made the object of attack. (d) The strength of the armament and of the garrison as well. If a fortress is weakly armed and insufficiently garrisoned, its capture must naturally be easier; but here we must observe that the strength of the garrison and armament, are to be reckoned amongst those things which make up the total importance of the place, because garrison and armaments are directly parts of the enemy’s military strength, which cannot be said in the same measure of works of fortification. The conquest of a fortress with a strong garrison can, therefore, much more readily repay the sacrifice it costs than one with very strong works. (e) The facility of moving the siege train. Most sieges fail for want of means, and the means are generally wanting from the difficulty attending their transport. Eugene’s siege of Landreci, 1712, and Frederick the Great’s siege of Olmütz, 1758, are very remarkable instances in point. (f) Lastly, there remains the facility of covering the siege as a point now to be considered. There are two essentially different ways by which a siege may be covered: by entrenching the besieging force, that is, by a line of circumvallation, and by what is called lines of observation. The first of these methods has gone quite out of fashion, although evidently one important point speaks in its favour, namely, that by this method the force of the assailant does not suffer by division exactly that weakening which is so generally found a great disadvantage at sieges. But we grant there is still a weakening in another way, to a very considerable degree, because— 1. The position round the fortress, as a rule, is of too great extent for the strength of the army. 2. The garrison, the strength of which, added to that of the relieving army, would only make up the force originally opposed to us, under these circumstances is to be looked upon as an enemy’s corps in the middle of our camp, which, protected by its walls, is invulnerable, or at least not to be overpowered, by which its power is immensely increased. 3. The defence of a line of circumvallation admits of nothing but the most absolute defensive, because the circular order, facing outwards, is the weakest and most disadvantageous of all possible orders of battle, and is particularly unfavourable to any advantageous counter-attacks. There is no alternative, in fact, but to defend ourselves to the last extremity within the entrenchments. That these circumstances may cause a greater diminution of the army than one-third which, perhaps, would be occasioned by forming an army of observation, is easy to conceive. If, added to that, we now think of the general preference which has existed since the time of Frederick the Great for the offensive, as it is called, (but which, in reality, is not always so) for movements and manœuvres, and the aversion to entrenchments, we shall not wonder at lines of circumvallation having gone quite out of fashion. But this weakening of the tactical resistance is by no means its only disadvantage; and we have only reckoned up the prejudices which forced themselves into the judgment on the lines of circumvallation next in order after that disadvantage, because they are nearly akin to each other. A line of circumvallation only in reality covers that portion of the theatre of war which it actually encloses; all the rest is more or less given up to the enemy if special detachments are not made use of to cover it, in which way the very partition of force which it was intended to obviate takes place. Thus the besieging army will be always in anxiety and embarrassment on account of the convoys which it requires, and the covering the same by lines of circumvallation, is not to be thought of if the army and the siege supplies required are considerable, and the enemy is in the field in strong force, unless under such conditions as are found in the Netherlands, where there is a whole system of fortresses lying close to each other, and intermediate lines connecting them, which cover the rest of the theatre of war, and considerably shorten the lines by which transport can be affected. In the time of Louis the Fourteenth the conception of a theatre of war had not yet bound itself up with the position of an army. In the Thirty Years’ War particularly, the armies moved here and there sporadically before this or that fortress, in the neighbourhood of which there was no enemy’s corps at all, and besieged it as long as the siege equipment they had brought with them lasted, and until an enemy’s army approached to relieve the place. Then lines of circumvallation had their foundation in the nature of circumstances. In future it is not likely they will be often used again, unless where the enemy in the field is very weak, or the conception of the theatre of war vanishes before that of the siege. Then it will be natural to keep all the forces united in the siege, as a siege by that means unquestionably gains in energy in a high degree. The lines of circumvallation in the reign of Louis XIV., at Cambray and Valenciennes, were of little use, as the former were stormed by Turenne, opposed to Condé, the latter by Condé opposed to Turenne; but we must not overlook the endless number of other cases in which they were respected, even when there existed in the place the most urgent need for relief; and when the commander on the defensive side was a man of great enterprise, as in 1708, when Villars did not venture to attack the allies in their lines at Lille. Frederick the Great at Olmütz, 1758, and at Dresden, 1760, although he had no regular lines of circumvallation, had a system which in all essentials was identical; he used the same army to carry on the siege, and also as a covering army. The distance of the Austrian army induced him to adopt this plan at Olmütz, but the loss of his convoy at Domstädtel made him repent it; at Dresden in 1760 the motives which led him to this mode of proceeding, were his contempt for the German States’ imperial army, and his desire to take Dresden as soon as possible. Lastly, it is a disadvantage in lines of circumvallation, that in case of a reverse it is more difficult to save the siege train. If a defeat is sustained at a distance of one or more days’ march from the place besieged, the siege may be raised before the enemy can arrive, and the heavy trains may, in the mean time, gain also a day’s march. In taking up a position for an army of observation, an important question to be considered is the distance at which it should be placed from the besieged place. This question will, in most cases, be decided by the nature of the country, or by the position of other armies or corps with which the besiegers have to remain in communication. In other respects, it is easy to see that, with a greater distance, the siege is better covered, but that by a smaller distance, not exceeding a few miles, the two armies are better able to afford each other mutual support. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Carl von Clausewitz (2006). On War. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1946/pg1946-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

Attack on Fortresses

Business English: A Practice Book by Rose Buhlig is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . The Wholesale Merchant here II.—The Wholesale Merchant Exercise 263 Oral Each of the following should be developed into a paragraph: You are a manufacturer and wholesale distributor with a factory on the outskirts of a town; would you have a warehouse in the center of the town? Give reasons for your answer. What would be the advantage of having your warehouse near the railroad freight depots? Near the docks? What would be the advantage of being located in a large city with many railroads and with water transportation facilities—Chicago, for example? Speed gets orders. With this in view, what would you recommend with respect to the equipment for handling? What would you suggest about the number of people through whose hands the order would have to go before being shipped? If you were looking for big trade in a big city, what kind of stock would you carry? Musical instruments? Clothing? Would it be a good plan to make a specialty of certain brands for leaders and to quote a special price on them? If you were just starting a wholesale hardware or grocery business, state which you think would be the better policy: (1) to concentrate on one kind of goods in one territory and to take on other kinds and territories later, or (2) to work all kinds of goods as widely as possible from the very beginning. Explain fully. Would you bear part of the expense of retailers' advertising, especially of window displays, provided they handled your goods? Would it be good business for the salesmen of the firm to suggest selling methods to retailers and to plan window displays for them? Give your reasons. Do you think it would increase sales to offer a money prize to the retailer selling the largest amount of a certain kind of your goods, the sale of which you wished materially to increase? Tell which you think would be the better policy: (1) to undersell your competitors for a time and then, when you had the trade, to raise your prices, or (2) to set one price and maintain it from the beginning. Give your reasons. If you were getting out a new brand of carpenters' tools, where would you advertise? Would you conduct an extensive national campaign? If you were bringing out a new soap or washing powder, where would you advertise? Would you conduct an extensive national advertising campaign? What would your answer be if you were introducing a new brand of crackers? Would bringing out novelties from time to time help the sale of your staple articles? Explain. Do you think it would pay to send circulars to the housewives of a certain locality to get the local grocers' trade? After you had the local grocers' trade? Exercise 264 Written You are Thos. H. Peabody of Peabody, Harper & Co.'s wholesale grocery. Prepare a circular letter, announcing your removal to a new building. The letter will be printed in imitation of typewriting and the introduction filled in later on the typewriter. Remember you are seeking patronage. Address one letter to Walter T. Barth, 350 E. Water St., Milwaukee, Wis. Write an advertisement to appear in the January number of The Grocer and Country Merchant, a grocers' trade journal. It will announce your change of location. You receive an order from a retailer in which he asks for a certain brand of coffee that you do not carry. Write a letter telling him you do not handle that brand and offering him another. Make the letter as courteous as possible. Write an advertisement for (1) a bookkeeper; (2) a stenographer. Answer (1) or (2) above. Write an advertisement for a traveling salesman. Answer (6) telling why you think you could sell groceries although you have had no experience. Write a circular letter to send to the trade setting forth the merits of a new brand of canned fruit. Say that you are offering the brand at a very attractive price in the expectation that retailers will make it a leader. Write to Mr. Barth (1). You have made a contract with the manufacturers of the canned fruit mentioned in (8), by which you secure the exclusive sale but take the responsibility of advertising. Write to an advertising agency, saying that you are considering a three months' advertising campaign. Explain that you do not wish the expense to exceed five thousand dollars. The advertising agency replies that, as five thousand dollars is a comparatively small sum for a campaign, it would suggest that the advertising be confined to one class: street car, billboard, newspaper, or magazine. Write the letter. Notify the agency of your choice, giving your reasons. Write a series of three letters to send to housewives, advertising the canned fruit, with the purpose of having them ask for this brand at their grocers': (1) Telling the name of the canned fruit, its excellence, its price, and where it may be bought; (2) Asking if the housewife has as yet bought any, and if she has not, telling her she can get a sample at her grocer's on presentation of this letter; (3) Asking how she liked the fruit and quoting a letter of recommendation received from Mrs. A., who lives in the neighborhood. Urge her to buy, but not too abruptly. A letter to a woman should be fairly long. (See page 265.) Exercise 265 For two months you have been without a credit man. You wish to be very careful in your choice because of the importance of the position. J. B. Wright of 439 Russell Ave., Indianapolis, is a personal friend of yours. He has heard that you need a credit man and he recommends Joseph Haddon, who worked for him three years in that capacity until a year ago when he went to Colorado because of the ill-health of his wife. Meanwhile, Mr. Wright's son has been acting as his credit man. Mrs. Haddon has now recovered, and her husband is anxious to get another position. Reproduce Mr. Wright's letter. Write the letter Mr. Wright sends Mr. Haddon in Colorado, suggesting that the latter apply for the position. At the same time Joseph Haddon writes, applying for the position. Write the letter of application. Write Mr. Haddon's letter thanking Mr. Wright for his interest. Remember that the two men know each other. Joseph Haddon, whom you have engaged, is proving to be a very alert credit man. He has made a study of your credit files and has discovered that you have a great many accounts of long standing that ought to be collected. He prepares a courteous letter to send to the debtors, telling them that he has just been made credit man and that he personally would like to get into closer touch with their particular situation to find out how soon he might expect a remittance from them, so that he could plan the future of his department. Write the letter. (See page 254.) A number of retailers remit the amount that they owe. Some explain their situation in detail, but a great many do not respond to (5). Write another letter, still courteous, but more emphatic than (5), to those who did not respond. (See page 255.) Still a number do not respond. Write a third letter, saying that you will place the matter in the hands of your attorney unless you receive a remittance within ten days. Mr. Haddon discovers that there are about a hundred retailers who used to be customers, but who have bought nothing for about two years. He reports this to the sales manager, Mr. James Woodworth, who writes a letter to the retailers to induce them to send another order, using the canned fruit spoken of in (8) of Exercise 264 as a means of interesting them. Nathaniel Sears, a dealer in general merchandise at Joplin, Mo., writes to you asking for an open account. He says that he did a $10,000 business last year and that, apparently, sales this year will be larger. He gives no references. You refer the matter to Mr. Haddon, who looks up Mr. Sears in Bradstreet and then writes to one of your salesmen at St. Louis, asking him to investigate the financial standing of Mr. Sears. Write to the salesman. After three days the salesman reports that Mr. Sears seems to be doing a good business, but he thinks the dealer is living beyond his means. He owes two wholesale houses $500 and $850 respectively; his property in Joplin is heavily mortgaged, and yet he is making extensive improvements on his residence; his son and his daughter are at expensive boarding schools. Write the letter. Be exact in your information. As Mr. Woodworth, write Mr. Sears a courteous letter, refusing him credit but attempting to secure his cash business. Charles Freeman, 141 Park Place, Newark, Ohio, writes in answer to (5) saying that he is unable to pay his account of $500. After the harvest his outstanding bills will be paid by the farmers, and then he can remit. He says he is willing to give his 90 day note for the amount he owes. Mr. Haddon writes, accepting the note. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Rose Buhlig (2011). Business English: A Practice Book. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38046/pg38046-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

The Wholesale Merchant

Business English: A Practice Book by Rose Buhlig is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . DISTRIBUTION here DISTRIBUTION Correct buying and the most efficient methods of manufacture play a large part in the successful carrying on of a business, but the most important consideration is the successful marketing or distributing of the product after it has been manufactured or bought. Very few products are so superior in quality that they sell themselves purely on merit. Competition in business to-day is so keen that, in order to find a market for his product, a merchant must create a demand for it. Thus at its very foundation, distribution is merely a process of creating a demand and then filling that demand. For instance, the retail merchant is concerned with bringing the customers to his store rather than to his competitor's across the street. The wholesale merchant is concerned with having the retailers handle his goods rather than those of another firm. The mail order merchant is concerned with getting the farmer's business before some other dealer gets it. The salesman is concerned with writing the order before a rival from another house writes it. In the first place, the merchant must handle those things that his customers consider necessary or desirable. Overcoats cannot be sold in August, ashsifters on the equator, nor electric fans in Iceland. Different peoples, different times, and different conditions create different demands, and it is the merchant's business to study those demands and to fill them. In the second place, he must leave no stone unturned in endeavoring to make his product more desirable than that of his competitors. This may mean extensive advertising campaigns, expensive displays, outlay for costly catalogues and booklets, the expenditure of money for inducements to bring customers, or the hiring of expert salesmen. In fact, thousands of plans are carried out every year in this endeavor to increase trade. The getting of new and additional business, however, is only one of the important considerations that the merchant must always have in mind. He must also keep what business he already has by maintaining the standard of his goods and by giving his customers satisfactory service. One of the first essentials in this question of service is promptness and exactness of delivery. In this the merchant must depend very largely on the transportation companies, and therefore a brief study of these facilities will be especially in place at this point. Transportation Transportation is an essential item in the problem of distribution. If you wished to drink a cup of coffee and found that none could be had except in Brazil, you would begin to realize how much the steamship company and the railroad company have done in transporting and hauling it where you might buy it. The same is true of our oranges from California and Florida, our apples from Washington and Oregon, and our grain from the Middle States. In fact, in the case of many products the most important item is not growing them, but bringing them to market, since the transportation charges are often much greater than the actual cost of producing. Thousands of barrels of apples rot on the ground every year because their quality does not warrant the high transportation charges, the lack of transportation rendering them useless. In a smaller measure, the delivery wagons in our cities and towns are essential to us because they save us the trouble of carrying our purchases about. Thus, the element of transportation enters into our lives every day, saving us inconvenience, bringing to us necessities that we demand and luxuries that we like, and, at the same time, increasing the price of commodities. Common carriers, as transportation companies are called, are of two general classes: Those operating on water—the steamship companies. Those operating on land—the railroad companies. The Steamship Company Steamship companies operate three general kinds of lines: (1) lines consisting of the largest and fastest steamers which carry only passengers, mail, and valuable parcels; (2) lines using slower steamers which carry both passengers and freight; and (3) lines employing vessels—steamers, sailing vessels, and barges—which carry only freight. The cost of hauling cargoes by water is in every case less per mile than that of carrying the same quantity of goods on land. It costs, for example, over four times as much to carry a bushel of wheat from Chicago to New York by rail as it does to carry it across the Atlantic. It is for this very reason that the traffic on our navigable rivers, the Ohio and the Mississippi, and on the Great Lakes is so heavy. Whenever a cargo can be shipped as well by water as by rail and there is no hurry for delivery, it is shipped by water. However, because so much of our freight must be rushed from place to place, the railroads get the bulk of the inland traffic. The Railroad Company The services of the railroad company embrace the hauling of freight, the carrying of passengers, and the transporting of express and of mail. The hauling of freight is the most important item in the railroad business, about three-quarters of the total income being derived from this source. Each year over one billion tons of freight are turned over by shippers to the railroads, who use almost two and one-half million freight cars to carry it. About one-half of this tonnage is minerals, mainly ore and coal; about one-seventh consists of manufactured articles; and one-twelfth of agricultural products. Commodities are grouped into from ten to fourteen classes, on each one of which the freight rate is different from that of the others. By freight rate is meant the cost of shipping a certain unit, usually 100 pounds or a ton, from one place to another; it is dependent on the distance. There are certain bulky commodities like coal, livestock, lumber, grain, and cement, which are almost always handled in carload lots. They are not included in the freight classification, but have a special ex-class freight rate. Freight rates depend also on whether the goods are shipped by slow or local freight or by fast or through freight. There are a hundred different kinds of papers used in carrying on the railroad freight business. Only four of the most important will be considered here. When a shipper turns over his goods to the railroad company at its freight depot, he gets from the agent a receipt for freight, which is merely a receipt for the goods he has turned over. In the ordinary course of business these receipts are exchanged at the company's office for a bill of lading in triplicate. The original and one copy are given to the shipper. The second copy is kept by the railroad. This bill of lading may be of two kinds, straight or order. If a straight bill of lading is given, the original is sent to the person to whom the goods are shipped, who is called the consignee, who on the presentation of the bill of lading is entitled to the goods after paying the charges. An order bill of lading is much like a check, in that it can be assigned to another person. Like the straight bill it states the name of the consignee or the person for whom the goods are intended and his address, but the consignee cannot get possession of the goods until he has paid for them. To collect payment, the shipper attaches to the order bill of lading a draft for the amount of the goods and the freight, and through his bank and the bank of the consignee the amount is collected. The consignee then gets possession of the order bill of lading, which entitles him to possession of the goods. This is more fully explained on page 344. The railroad's most important paper is the way bill, which shows the conductor or the agent of the company just what articles are included in the shipment, so that it can be checked when unloaded. When the goods arrive at their destination, the consignee is notified and is sent a freight bill showing the freight charges. When he presents his bill of lading and pays the charges, the freight bill is receipted and the goods are his. In quoting prices on goods, manufacturers and distributors usually designate whether they will pay the freight or whether it is to be paid by the consignee. In the latter case the price is quoted f. o. b. at the place from which the goods are shipped, which means freight on board at that point. That is to say, if a distributor located at Detroit quotes his automobiles f. o. b. Detroit, he means that he will see that the goods get into the railroad company's hands at Detroit, but that the consignee pays the freight from Detroit to the destination. The latter is the common practice in shipping. In the following exercises we shall treat the subject of distribution under four heads: I. 	The Retail Merchant.
II. 	The Wholesale Merchant.
III. 	The Mail Order Merchant.
IV. 	The Salesman. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Rose Buhlig (2011). Business English: A Practice Book. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38046/pg38046-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Correct buying and the most efficient methods of manufacture

The Romance of Modern Mechanism by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CHAPTER XIII here "THE NURSE OF THE NAVY" Just as a navy requires floating distilleries, floating coal stores and floating docks, so does it find very important uses for a floating workshop, which can accompany a fleet to sea and execute such repairs as might otherwise entail the return of a ship to port. The British Navy has a valuable ally of this kind in the torpedo depôt ship , which contains so much machinery, in addition to the "auxiliaries" already described, that a short account of this vessel will be interesting. Vulcan The , known as "The Nurse of the Navy," was launched in 1889. She measures 350 feet in length, 58 feet in beam, and has a displacement of 6,830 tons. Her bunkers, of which there are twenty-one, hold 1,000 tons of coal, independently of an extra 300 tons which can be stowed in other neighbouring compartments. When fully coaled she can cruise for 7,000 miles at a speed of 10 knots; or travel at first-class cruiser speed for shorter distances. Vulcan The most striking objects on the are two huge hydraulic cranes, placed almost amidships abreast of one another. They have a total height of 65 feet, and "overhang" 35 feet, so as to be able to lift boats when the torpedo-nets are out and the sides of the vessel cannot be approached. The feet of the cranes sink 30 feet through the ship to secure rigidity, and the upper deck, which bears most of the strain, is strongly reinforced. Inside the pillar of each crane is the lifting machinery, an hydraulic ram 1712 inches in diameter and of 10-foot stroke. By means of fourfold pulleys the lift is increased to 40 feet. When working under the full pressure of 1,000 lbs. to the square inch, the cranes have a hoisting power of twenty tons. In addition to the main ram there is a much smaller one, the function of which is to keep the "slings" (or cables by which the boat is hoisted) taut after a boat has been hooked until the actual moment of lifting comes. But for this arrangement there would be a danger of the slings slackening as the boat rises and falls in a seaway. The small ram controls the larger, and the latter cannot come into action until its auxiliary has tightened up the slings, so that no dangerous jerk can occur when the hoisting begins. Vulcan The cranes are revolved by two sets of hydraulic rams, which operate chains passing round drums at the feet of the cranes, and turn them through three-quarters of a circle. On the deck lie six torpedo boats and three despatch boats. The former are 60 feet long, and can attain a speed of 16 knots an hour. When an enemy is sighted these would be sent off to worry the hostile vessels with their deadly torpedoes, and on their return would be quickly picked up and restored to their berths, ready for further use. Vulcan's The cranes also serve to lift on board heavy pieces of machinery from other vessels for repair. Down below decks is the workshop, wherein "jobs" are done on the high seas. It has quite a respectable equipment: five lathes, ranging from 15 feet to 312 feet in length; drilling, planing, slotting, shaping, punching machines; a carpenter's bench; fitters' benches; and a furnace for melting steel. There is also a blacksmith's shop with an hydraulic forging press and a forge blown by machinery; not to mention a large array of tools of all kinds. Special engines are installed to operate the repairs department. The also carries search-lights of 25,000 candle-power; bilge pumps which will deliver over 5,000 tons of water per hour; two sets of engines for supplying the hydraulic machinery; air-compressing engines to feed the Whitehead torpedoes; a distilling plant; and last, but by no means least, main engines of 12,000 h.p. drawing steam from four huge cylindrical boilers 17 feet long and 14 feet in diameter. Vulcan Altogether, the is a very complete floating workshop, sufficiently speedy to keep up with a fleet, and even to do scouting work. Her guns and her torpedo craft would render her a very troublesome customer in a fight, though, being practically unarmoured, she would keep as clear of the conflict as possible, acting on the offensive through the proxy of her "hornets." She constitutes the first of a type of vessel which has been suggested by experts, viz. one of high speed and unarmoured, but capable of carrying a swarm of torpedo boats which could be launched in pursuit of the foe. Even if 50 per cent. of the craft were destroyed, the price would be small if a single torpedo were successfully fired at a battleship. The naval motor boat, to which reference has already been made, would just "fill the bill" for such a cruiser; and in the event of a score of them being dropped into the water at a critical moment, they might easily turn the scale in favour of their side. Vulcan About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2014). The Romance of Modern Mechanism. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46094/pg46094-images.html. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

"THE NURSE OF THE NAVY"

On War by Carl Von Clausewitz, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Decreasing Force of the Attack Book VII: Chapter IV. Decreasing Force of the Attack This is one of the principal points in strategy: on its right valuation in the concrete, depends our being able to judge correctly what we are able to do. The decrease of absolute power arises— 1. Through the object of the attack, the occupation of the enemy’s country; this generally commences first after the first decision, but the attack does not cease upon the first decision. 2. Through the necessity imposed on the attacking army to guard the country in its rear, in order to preserve its line of communication and means of subsistence. 3. Through losses in action and through sickness. 4. Distance of the various depôts of supplies and reinforcements. 5. Sieges and blockades of fortresses. 6. Relaxation of efforts. 7. Secession of allies. But frequently, in opposition to these weakening causes, there may be many others which contribute to strengthen the attack. It is clear, at all events, that a net result can only be obtained by comparing these different quantities; thus, for example, the weakening of the attack may be partly or completely compensated, or even surpassed by the weakening of the defensive. This last is a case which rarely happens; we cannot always bring into the comparison any more forces than those in the immediate front or at decisive points, not the whole of the forces in the field.—Different examples: The French in Austria and Prussia, in Russia; the allies in France, the French in Spain. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Carl von Clausewitz (2006). On War. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1946/pg1946-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

Decreasing Force of the Attack

A week from the succeeding Saturday, Mr. Skinner did not come down to the office

Defence of a Theatre of War (continued) When no Decision is Sought for

Defence of a Theatre of War—(continued)

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